The group presentation discusses the historical relationship between India and China since 1950. It notes that diplomatic relations were established in 1951 and the Panchsheel Agreement was signed, leading to the period of "Hindi Chini Bhai Bhai" (Indian and Chinese are brothers). However, challenges later emerged such as the 1959 Tibetan uprising and China's support for Pakistan in the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistani wars. Subsequent conflicts included the 1962 Sino-Indian War and border disputes. More recently, tensions have continued due to territorial disputes and incidents like the 2017 Doklam standoff. The presentation concludes that peaceful coexistence requires changes in China's attitude.

1. GROUP PRESENTATION
Indo-China Relations
CONTRIBUTORS: Paramita, Rima,
Pubali

2. Introduction
• China–India relations, also called Sino-Indian
relations or Indo-China relations, refers to the
bilateral relationship between the People's
Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic
of India.
• The modern relationship began in 1950 when
India was among the first countries to end
formal ties with Taiwan and recognize PRC

3. Historical Past of Indo-China since
1950- Positives
• Diplomatic relations :1st January 1951
• Non interfering stance by then PM Nehru on
Tibet issue as desired by Mao Zedong
• Signature of Panchsheel Agreement based on
Peaceful-coexistence
• Result: Hindi Chini Bhai Bhai

4. Indo-China Relations since 1950-
Challenges
• Backdrop: Simla Convention 1914
• 1959: Zhou Enlai reiterated and told Nehru that Mc Mohan
Line as border between India and Tibet
• March 1959: Dalai Lama seeked shelter in Dharmsala and
many refugees of Tibet settled in North Western India
• Result: Accusations of Imperialism and Expansionism on
India

5. CONFLICTS
• October 1962: Border dispute, India defeated and
restricted in Assam, Parts of Ladakh seized
• 1964:CPI(M) formed out of CPI. Accusations of
being Pro-China
• 1965 and 1971:Indo-Pak War, China supported
Pakistan.
• 1967: Conflict at Nathula Pass in Sikkim
• 1965-1971: Link Road between Pakistan and
China built

6. Indian Strategy
• 1971:India signed treaty with USA and USSR
• 1979: Janta Party Government leader AB
Vajpayee visited Beijing
• Non interfering stance of China in case of
Sikkim and Bhutan
• Modification in Chinese policies
• Annual piligrimage in Kailash Mansarovar
resumed.

7. The crucial year of1981 and thereafter
• Round of peaceful meetings by Chinese government
• 1984: China interference in Arunachal Pradesh
• 1986: China claimed AP for the first time
• 1981-1987: Rounds of negotiations
• 1994: Kashmir Issue
• 1998:Kargil War
• 2003: Sikkim recognized as part of India
• 2007: Claims on AP
• 2009: ADB recognized AP as India territory

8. Recent Past
• 2013: Verbally the dispute seemed resolved
regarding borders of Ladakh and Aksai Chin on
Khursheed visit
• 2013-2016: China claimed AP again
• 2017: Doklam standoff

9. 1890 Convention and Concluding
Remarks
• India supporting Bhutan
• https://youtu.be/bnryOmLYhX4
• Remarks: We can’t peacefully co-exist and if
then China has to change its attitude