India faces a shortage of quality doctors due to issues with medical education regulation and access. The government plans to address this by introducing the National Medical Commission Bill, which will reform the medical education system and make it more transparent and affordable. Key reforms include national licensure exams, fee regulation in private colleges, and an assessment board to rank medical colleges. The goal is to improve doctor quality and increase access to medical education in India.

1. India’s growing demand for
Quality Doctors

2. How the government plans to fix the issue?
• The Indian medical education system has around 529 registered medical colleges. Medical
schools in India create the largest number of doctors in the world corresponding to the rapid
increase of medical colleges in the last two decades, particularly within the private sector. The
Medical Council of India (MCI), the regulatory body, is required to approve any important
reforms in medical curricula. The authorization procedure for medical schools in the past has
placed higher importance on the infrastructure along with staff and lesser on the quality of
education imparted to the students. But this is about to change with the formation of the
Medical Assessment and Rating Board or MARB which is to be responsible for granting
permissions for the creation of new medical colleges and for existing medical colleges to start
PG programs.
• The deficit of quality doctors is one of the major problems that is plaguing the current Indian
medical system. The various loopholes that have been identified in the MCI regulations have
made it possible for some private medical colleges without proper infrastructure or an
adequate number of patients to get accreditation. This has been one of the key contributing
factors in the gradual decline in quality of medical education in India over the years, a problem
that the current government plans to tackle head-on with the introduction of the new National
Medical Commission (NMC) Bill.

3. • According to a 2018 report, the doctor-patient ratio in India stands at 1:1300 but is
gradually improving and is expected to reach the World Health Organisation (WHO) norm
of 1:1000 by 2024. This when compared to other developed countries like the USA
(1:400), Germany (1:244) and Australia (1:303) places further emphasis on our
government’s efforts in increasing the number of doctors in the country. These numbers
are inclusive of various medical practitioners like ayurveda, homeopathy, unani and
allopathy, but taking only allopathic (modern medicine) practitioners into consideration
would drastically reduce the stated doctor-patient ratio.
• India has such a huge resource of doctors but still finds it challenging in providing quality
treatment to their patients. Statistics show that Tamil Nadu has a doctor-patient ratio of
1:253 whereas Jharkhand has 1:8180. This disproportion of doctors pan India is one of
the most important issues faced by the medical system as its resulting issues are very
widespread. Half of the children in India are not immunized and less than half of the
women don’t receive proper prenatal care during pregnancy. With the demand for
doctors being high in rural areas, this uneven spread of qualified doctors shows us that
it’s not just about the quality of education, but several other factors that affect the entire
Indian medical system as a whole.

4. • In the current Indian medical education system, around 15.2 lakh students registered for
the pre-medical entrance test in 2019, out of which only about 75,000 turn out to be
fortunate enough to secure a seat. This huge gap in the numbers has given rise to a latest
trend where an increasing number of students prefer to study medicine abroad as many
countries provide Indian students with the opportunity to pursue a high quality medical
education at very affordable costs.
• With the introduction of the government’s new NMC bill, the number of available
medical seats in the country is set to steadily increase year-on-year, while the Indian
healthcare industry is also on the rise with an estimated 2500 new hospitals to be setup
within the next 5 years. Although this is a positive factor in our country’s progress, and
given that we continue to maintain this rate of steady growth, it will take us at least a
decade at minimum to close the gap between the number of medical aspirants and the
number of seats available to them. But until then, it will be the overseas study option
that provides medical aspirants with a further chance at becoming a doctor and in-turn
contribute to India’s growing number of qualified doctors.

5. • Privatization of educational institutions has further added to the commercialization of
medical education in India. There have been many incidences in the past where private
medical colleges were in the practice of taking exorbitant amounts of money as illegal
fees and donations. But with the introduction of the new bill, the National Medical
Commission from now will regulate all fees related charges for 50 percent of all seats in
both deemed universities and private medical colleges, making medical education in
India more accessible and affordable.
• Most faculties in private medical colleges are extremely busy private practitioners and
their private practice in some way or the other compromises with their required research
and preparation time. The demand for quality doctors is so much that many of them
choose to do multiple practices, with most having a clinic of their own and also practicing
as a visiting doctor in high-end hospitals. This shift by doctors affects their performance
in teaching and hence, it becomes one of the main contributing factors that adds to the
lack of quality educators in the Indian medical system.

6. • The National Medical Commission (NMC) Bill was introduced by Union Health Minister
Harsh Vardhan in Lok Sabha on July 22, 2019. The Indian Medical Council Act will be
repealed after the National Medical Commission Bill is put into practice. This bill has
introduced a new entrance exam called the National Exit Test (NEXT) for the students of
MBBS. The NEXT will also serve as a screening test for Indian students who have a
graduation degree in medicine from a foreign country. The Medical Bill was approved by the
Union Cabinet which stated that the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET), common
counseling and NEXT shall even apply to Institutes of National Importance (INIs) similar to
AIIMS to have common standards in India. The release stated that Commission will control
fees and all other charges for 50 percent seats in private medical colleges and deemed
universities. The statement further added that the Medical Assessment and Rating Board
(MARB) will carry out an assessment to the medical college and develop a system of ranking
medical colleges that would allow the students to chose the medical college judiciously.
Such measures will assure a more transparent admission process and also bring about a
significant decrease in all admission related costs and charges.

7. • As demonstrated in the past, India has been on the back foot when it comes to the
quality of medical education, which in turn directly influences the country’s need for
more qualified doctors. But things are about to take a turn for the better with the
introduction of the new National Medical Commission Bill. With this bill, the Indian
government aims to drastically reform the current Indian medical education system by
bringing in high-quality and up-to-date study material while also factoring in a much-
needed degree of fairness and transparency into the entire student selection process.
• – Authored by Mr. Saju Bhaskar, Founder & President of Texila American University
located in Guyana, South America
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