This document provides information about the geography, languages, religions, cultural traditions, and rituals of India and Madagascar. For India, it notes that it lies on the Indian tectonic plate and describes some of the many languages spoken there including Hindi, English and others. It also discusses several major religions practiced in India like Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, and Sikhism. The document outlines some key rituals in Hindu weddings. For Madagascar, it states that the island is located off the coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean. The main language is Malagasy and other languages include French. The three major religions practiced are traditional African beliefs, Christianity, and Islam. The document describes traditions

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location

4. Geographical location
India
 The geography of
India describes the
geographic features of India,
a country in South Asia. India
lies largely on the Indian
Plate, the northern portion of
the Indo-Australian Plate,
whose continental crust forms
the Indian subcontinent. The
country is situated north of
the equator between 8°4'
and 37°6' north latitude and
68°7' and 97°25' east
longitude.
Madagascar
 Madagascar is an island in
the Indian Ocean off the
eastern coast of
southernAfrica, east
of Mozambique. It is the fourth
largest island in the world.
It is situated in between 20° 00'
South latitude and 47° 00'
East longitude. This latitude
and longitude has
placed Madagascar in the
southern part of Africa and in
the Indian Ocean as an island.
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5. Languages
India
 Around
387
languages are
spoken in India.
The languages of India belong
to several language families
languages
Assamese • Bengali • Bodo •
Dogri •Gujarati • Kannada • K
ashmiri • Konkani •Maithili •
Malayalam • Manipuri • Marat
hi •Nepali • Oriya • Punjabi •
Sanskrit •Santali • Sindhi • Ta
mil • Telugu • Tulu •Urdu
Official languages :Hindi,
English .
Madagascar
 The Malagasy
language of Malayo-
Polynesian origin, is generally
spoken throughout the island.
The official
languages of Madagascar are M
alagasy and French. Madagascar
is a Francophone country,
and French is spoken among the
educated population of this
former French colony.
The main language is Malagas.
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6. Religions
India
 Many & different religions
people live in india.
Indian religions are the
religions that originated in the
Indian subcontinent; namely
Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism
and Sikhism.
Christianity , islam
Madagascar

The three major religions in
Madagascar are traditional,
Christian, and Islamic. The
traditional religion is the
African religion. 52% of
Madagascar's religion is
Traditional. The second major
religion is Christianity; 41% of
the religion is Christianity and
7% is Islamic practices.
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7. INDIAN wedding & engagement7

8. Hindu wedding
 Eight types of marriage:
Brahma marriage, Daiva marriage, Arsha marriage,
Prajapatya marriage , Gandharva marriage, Asura marriage,
Rakshasa marriage, Paishacha marriage
 Mainrituals:
Kanyadaan
Panigrahana
Saptapadi
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9. There are a few key rituals common in a Hindu wedding
ceremony. These are
*Kanyadaan - the giving away of daughter by the father
*Panigrahana - a ritual in presence of fire, where the
groom takes the bride's hand as a sign of their union
*Saptapadi - is the most important ritual. It is called the
seven step ritual, where each step corresponds to a vow
groom makes to bride, and a vow the bride makes to groom.
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10. Madagascar MARRIAGES
 When two people are in love and are ready to get
married, they must first get engaged. That doesn’t sound
too different from other cultures, right? Except
in Madagascar, there are some unique meanings behind
the engagement and marriage traditions.
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11.  Before the wedding day, there
is the engagement ceremony,
or “ fanateram-bodiondry ”
which happens as follow, all
the families are gathered both
sides, the bride and groom’s
families take an “ orator ”
 The second envelope contain
the “ ala volo fotsy
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12. Antyesti or Hindu funeral rites,
also referred to as Antim Sanskar,
is an important Sanskara,
sacrament of Hindu society.
Extensive texts of such rites are available,
particularly in the Garuda Purana.
There is wide inconsistency in theory and practice,
and the procedures differ from place to place.
Further, these rites also differ depending on the caste,
jāti, social group, and the status of the deceased
person.
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indiandeathceremony

13.  In the Indian subcontinent, human bodies were either exposed to the
elements of nature, and to the birds, or buried in the earth, in a river,
and sometimes a cave or an urn[citation needed]. Centuries later,
cremation became the usual mode of disposal of the dead bodies, with
certain exceptions – the exceptions being bodies of infants[citation
needed], yogis, sadhus, and a few others. Cremation became popular
due to the Hindu concept of detachment of soul from the body at the
time of death, and the transmigration of the soul from one body to
another
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14. Madagascar :
Famadihana is a funerary tradition of
the Malagasy people in Madagascar. Known as the turning of
the bones, people bring forth the bodies of their ancestors from
the family crypts and rewrap them in fresh cloth, then dance
with the corpses around the tomb to live music
Madagascar's dance with the dead
To outsiders dancing with the corpse of a dead loved one, years
after their demise, might seem ghoulish. But as Jonny Hogg
reports, to the people of Madagascar, it is a ritual of respect for
their departed ancestors.
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15. Famadihana
 The First Day : all people in the village
are invited to
eat rice with pigs and beef.
 The Second Day : : a special day for the
“ Hira Gasy ” and traditional songs
 The third Day : the time for exhumation
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16. Famadihana festival
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Every five to ten years, it is the custom for many
Malagasy families to exhume their deceased
relatives, wrap them in new shrouds, and dance
with their bodies before returning them to ancestral
crypts. The ceremonies of famadihana take place in
winter as some believe that the dead are cold, so
need new shrouds. Deceased ancestors are gone
but are always resting close by. Their tombs lie in
the backyards of family homes. Famadihana
involves huge family festivity and sumptuous
banquets of meat and rice. It is a time for the living
to meet the dead, to show respect to ancestors and
ask for their blessing.

17. Circumcision
 circumcision from
Latin circumcidere, meaning "to cut
around" is the surgical removal of
the foreskin from the human penis. In
a typical procedure, the foreskin is
opened and then separated from
the glans after inspection. The
circumcision device is placed, and
then the foreskin is removed.
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