The India Stack provides a digital identity, payments, and data-sharing infrastructure for India's 1.2 billion citizens. It includes Aadhaar for biometric identity, UPI for digital payments, and APIs for e-KYC and digital authentication. Various government agencies and private companies utilize different aspects of the India Stack to deliver services related to banking, financial inclusion, healthcare, transportation and more. While it has achieved significant digital inclusion, issues around data privacy and security continue to be addressed.

1. The India Stack:
Digital money power for 1.2 billion

2. What is the India Stack (or Aadhaar Stack)?
Presence-less layer
Paperless layer
Cashless layer
Consent layer
IndiaStack
A modern privacy
data sharing
framework
An electronic
interoperable
payment network
Easily store and
retrieve information
digitally
Unique digital
biometric identity
with open API access
What is it? What is in it? Who is the owner?
Open personal data
store
IMPS, AEPS,APB,
UPI
Aadhaar e-KYC, e-Sign,
Digital Locker
Aadhaar card,
mobile Aadhaar
Reserve Bank of
India
National Payments
Corporation of India
Department of Electronics
and Information
Technology
Unique Identification
Authority of India

3. Capabilities to bring in 1.2 billion people into the digital money system
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Aadhaar
Identity
Aadhaar based
Payments
Aadhaar
based e-KYC
E-signature and
Digital locker
Payment network
and App
Aadhar on
mobile
Jan Dhan
J
Aadhaar
A
Mobile
M
Bank accounts
Digital identity
Infrastructure
100M
600M
190M
190M
950M
250M
250M
1B
290M
300M
1.1B
350M

4. Indian Fintechs using India Stack APIs
69%
eSignAadhaar
eKYC
Aadhaar
Authentication
UPI Digital Locker
14%
9% 6%
3%
Popularity of individual India Stack APIs
• A massive 84% of fintechs are using IndiaStack APIs
• A significant 69% of startups use Aadhaar as their primary means of customer
identification
16% | Not using India
Stack APIs
84% | Using India
Stack APIs
Source: Yes Fintech IFOR Survey 2017
Indian FinTechs love the India Stack APIs

5. India stack powered digital ecosystem
DBT
Digital
Locker
AEPS
UPI APB eSign
India Stack: Applications Consumer and business devices
Iris sensors Tablets Finger-print
Scan
Check-in
device
Smartphone Micro ATM
Government Schemes
Haqdarshak, EazyGov
Transportation
Journee
Payments
Google Tez, PhonePe,
Lending
Capital Float, Gradufund
Healthcare
CancerRegis
Financial Inclusion
Krishiyog

6. Does it already exist in other forms?
Sweden – Swish
United States – Square, Paypal, Venmo
United Kingdom- Open Banking
Europe - PSD2, GDPR
Brazil- Association of Digital
Identification Technology
Companies
Indonesia - Karta Tanda Penduduk
Malaysia - The MyKad
Singapore - MyInfo
Ghana - National
Identification Authority
Australia - New
Payments
Platform
Presence-less layer Cashless layer Consent layer

7. THE PROCESS
DEMONETISATION,
GST
INCLUSION
IDENTITY
SECURITY
FAKE ENTRIES
The Good, The Bad, The Ugly..
Aadhaar data leaks and fraudulent apps
Aadhaar use extended to pension schemes, employee provident funds, cooking gas subsidies,
and direct benefits transfers
India Stack has facilitated 10 billion customer authentications at just 0.2 cent per
authentication
Aadhaar card mentioning ‘Year of Birth’ instead of ‘Date of Birth’ and other controversies
Huge challenges for the common man to deal with new economic and technological
initiatives
Aadhaar cards have been made for dogs, cows and 'Lord Hanuman'

8. Thank you!
@burnmark_
devie@burnmark.com

9. DigitalIDtype
No digital ID
Digital ID for
Identification
Digital ID for digital
services
Multi-purpose digital
ID (including signature
and remote services)
100 3020 5040 60
High income countries
Developing countries
Digital Identity: A phenomenon across the world
Source: World bank Identity for development database
India Stack equivalent