- India is undertaking major economic reforms that are boosting growth, but growth could be more inclusive.
- Regional inequality in India is large, with disparities in access to infrastructure and social services across states.
- Comprehensive tax reform, including reducing the corporate tax rate and raising other taxes, could generate more revenue to invest in infrastructure and programs to benefit those in poorer regions.
Indonesia OECD Economic Survey 2018 promoting a more inclusive and resilient ...OECD, Economics Department
The document discusses promoting a more inclusive and resilient economy in Indonesia. It notes that living standards and access to infrastructure have risen, and poverty has receded, but pervasive informality traps many in low-quality jobs. It recommends deepening domestic financial markets, improving targeting of social assistance, reforming state-owned enterprises, and improving skills training to make the economy more resilient and inclusive. Two thematic chapters focus on raising revenues to meet spending needs and developing a stronger and sustainable tourism sector.
Deloitte India’s Edition IV of India Corporate Fraud Perception Surveyaakash malhotra
Deloitte India has released the India Corporate Fraud Perception Survey, Edition IV to understand the leadership perspective about corporate fraud in the disruptive environment. The survey report has been drawn from the responses of leading CXOs and working professionals to a questionnaire provided to them. The survey highlights fraud schemes, corporate fraud preparedness, fraud risk management framework, and the role of technology in preventing corporate fraud. See More: https://www2.deloitte.com/in/en/pages/finance/articles/in-fa-india-corporate-fraud-perception-survey-edition-IV-noexp.html
The document discusses key economic trends for India in 2014. It notes that India's economic growth has slowed significantly in recent years and inflation remains high. Several challenges are hampering the economy, including a large fiscal deficit, sluggish industrial growth, and a growing trade deficit. The new government elected in 2014 will need to take swift action to boost growth, manage inflation, reduce the fiscal deficit, and revive business confidence. Rural consumption is one bright spot amid the challenges and will remain important for the economy. The document outlines these economic issues and their implications for macroeconomic growth in India.
Indonesia Outlook 2018 (Sri Mulyani Indrawati)Iwan Suryadi
The document summarizes Indonesia's Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani Indrawati's speech on striking a balance between reform and growth. It discusses Indonesia's 2017 economic performance and 2018 outlook, future global challenges, tax reforms as part of fiscal reforms, and the government's spending priorities for 2018. The speech emphasizes that structural reforms are critical for Indonesia to maintain high sustainable growth in the knowledge economy era through regulatory, fiscal, and institutional reforms.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on the Indian budget for 2019. It discusses key achievements and initiatives of the Modi government, highlights from the Economic Survey and budget, an analysis of the budget, and its potential impacts on various industries. The budget aims to reform, perform and transform the Indian economy to become a $5 trillion economy by 2024-25 through initiatives like increased infrastructure spending, tax benefits, and promoting sectors like digital, renewable energy, startups, and manufacturing. Expert opinions praise the focus on connectivity and infrastructure but some criticize it as lackluster and not providing a clear direction.
The document discusses India's economic outlook for fiscal year 2016. Key points include:
1) India aims to achieve GDP growth of 8.1-8.5%, a fiscal deficit of 3.6% of GDP, inflation of 5-5.5%, and a current account deficit of 1% of GDP.
2) For sustained growth, the government must focus on managing macroeconomic recovery, containing the fiscal deficit, attracting long-term investment, developing infrastructure, building skills, and digital governance.
3) Key sectors discussed are automotive, banking, chemicals, consumer goods, energy, healthcare, IT, infrastructure, pharmaceuticals, retail, skills/education, and telecommunications.
The Indonesian government has prioritized improving the business environment and regulatory reforms over the past three years. This has led to steady economic growth, Indonesia regaining investment grade credit ratings, and strong investor confidence. Recent policy packages and legal reforms aim to further stimulate business and investment by simplifying regulations, reducing costs, and accelerating infrastructure development.
The budget has allocated Rs. 2,74,114 crore for defence which is a marginal increase of 5.4% over last year's revised estimates. This is expected to have a positive impact on defence companies like BEL, BEML, Bharat Dynamics, Hindustan Aeronautics etc. as it indicates continued government support and spending on modernizing the armed forces. The allocation is expected to translate into new orders and contracts for these companies involved in defence manufacturing. However, the increase is modest and some see it as insufficient given India's security challenges and ambitions of indigenization.
Indonesia OECD Economic Survey 2018 promoting a more inclusive and resilient ...OECD, Economics Department
The document discusses promoting a more inclusive and resilient economy in Indonesia. It notes that living standards and access to infrastructure have risen, and poverty has receded, but pervasive informality traps many in low-quality jobs. It recommends deepening domestic financial markets, improving targeting of social assistance, reforming state-owned enterprises, and improving skills training to make the economy more resilient and inclusive. Two thematic chapters focus on raising revenues to meet spending needs and developing a stronger and sustainable tourism sector.
Deloitte India’s Edition IV of India Corporate Fraud Perception Surveyaakash malhotra
Deloitte India has released the India Corporate Fraud Perception Survey, Edition IV to understand the leadership perspective about corporate fraud in the disruptive environment. The survey report has been drawn from the responses of leading CXOs and working professionals to a questionnaire provided to them. The survey highlights fraud schemes, corporate fraud preparedness, fraud risk management framework, and the role of technology in preventing corporate fraud. See More: https://www2.deloitte.com/in/en/pages/finance/articles/in-fa-india-corporate-fraud-perception-survey-edition-IV-noexp.html
The document discusses key economic trends for India in 2014. It notes that India's economic growth has slowed significantly in recent years and inflation remains high. Several challenges are hampering the economy, including a large fiscal deficit, sluggish industrial growth, and a growing trade deficit. The new government elected in 2014 will need to take swift action to boost growth, manage inflation, reduce the fiscal deficit, and revive business confidence. Rural consumption is one bright spot amid the challenges and will remain important for the economy. The document outlines these economic issues and their implications for macroeconomic growth in India.
Indonesia Outlook 2018 (Sri Mulyani Indrawati)Iwan Suryadi
The document summarizes Indonesia's Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani Indrawati's speech on striking a balance between reform and growth. It discusses Indonesia's 2017 economic performance and 2018 outlook, future global challenges, tax reforms as part of fiscal reforms, and the government's spending priorities for 2018. The speech emphasizes that structural reforms are critical for Indonesia to maintain high sustainable growth in the knowledge economy era through regulatory, fiscal, and institutional reforms.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on the Indian budget for 2019. It discusses key achievements and initiatives of the Modi government, highlights from the Economic Survey and budget, an analysis of the budget, and its potential impacts on various industries. The budget aims to reform, perform and transform the Indian economy to become a $5 trillion economy by 2024-25 through initiatives like increased infrastructure spending, tax benefits, and promoting sectors like digital, renewable energy, startups, and manufacturing. Expert opinions praise the focus on connectivity and infrastructure but some criticize it as lackluster and not providing a clear direction.
The document discusses India's economic outlook for fiscal year 2016. Key points include:
1) India aims to achieve GDP growth of 8.1-8.5%, a fiscal deficit of 3.6% of GDP, inflation of 5-5.5%, and a current account deficit of 1% of GDP.
2) For sustained growth, the government must focus on managing macroeconomic recovery, containing the fiscal deficit, attracting long-term investment, developing infrastructure, building skills, and digital governance.
3) Key sectors discussed are automotive, banking, chemicals, consumer goods, energy, healthcare, IT, infrastructure, pharmaceuticals, retail, skills/education, and telecommunications.
The Indonesian government has prioritized improving the business environment and regulatory reforms over the past three years. This has led to steady economic growth, Indonesia regaining investment grade credit ratings, and strong investor confidence. Recent policy packages and legal reforms aim to further stimulate business and investment by simplifying regulations, reducing costs, and accelerating infrastructure development.
The budget has allocated Rs. 2,74,114 crore for defence which is a marginal increase of 5.4% over last year's revised estimates. This is expected to have a positive impact on defence companies like BEL, BEML, Bharat Dynamics, Hindustan Aeronautics etc. as it indicates continued government support and spending on modernizing the armed forces. The allocation is expected to translate into new orders and contracts for these companies involved in defence manufacturing. However, the increase is modest and some see it as insufficient given India's security challenges and ambitions of indigenization.
The service sector makes up a large and growing portion of the Indian economy. It accounted for 59% of India's GDP in 2014-2015 and grew by 9% annually during that period. Services contribute to about a quarter of total employment in India. Some key services include trade, transport, finance, IT, and community/social services. The service sector is also an important source of exports, making India the 7th largest service exporter in the world.
1) The document discusses the importance of the service sector for India's socio-economic growth, noting that it is a major contributor to national income and employment.
2) It provides background on the primary, secondary, and tertiary (service) sectors. The service sector covers a wide range of activities from simple to sophisticated and has experienced rapid growth.
3) The service sector makes significant contributions to India's economy by supporting economic growth, employment generation, exports, and increasing tax revenues among other benefits. It currently employs a large portion of the workforce.
This document summarizes key aspects of the service sector in India. It notes that the service sector now accounts for over half of India's GDP and is the largest employer. Some of the fastest growing services include travel/tourism, business process outsourcing, software/IT services, and banking/finance. India has become a major hub for outsourcing due to its large English-speaking workforce and lower costs compared to other countries. However, the service sector still faces challenges from increasing competition and needing further development.
The document discusses the growth of India's service sector, with a focus on the IT/ITES sector. It notes that the service sector now represents over half of India's GDP and is the fastest growing sector. The IT/ITES sector in particular has transformed India's image globally and is a major contributor to the economy. The document traces the history from pre-liberalization policies in the 1950s-1980s that focused on internal markets and public sector dominance to the economic reforms beginning in 1991 that opened the economy and boosted growth. The IT/ITES sector benefited greatly from these reforms and liberalization, growing to become a star performer and global leader, though it faced challenges from the 2008 global economic crisis. Overall the sector remains
The document summarizes the growth of the Indian economy in recent years. It notes that India has one of the fastest growing economies in the world, with the GDP growing at over 9% annually. Several key sectors like industry, services, and agriculture have all witnessed high growth. Exports are also surging and India has become an attractive destination for foreign investment and M&A activities. With its large population and growing middle class, India is well-positioned for strong continued economic expansion.
The Indian services sector remains the key driver of economic growth in India, contributing over half of India's GDP. Some of the major factors contributing to growth include the expansion of banking and financial services due to government policies promoting financial inclusion, a large skilled workforce supporting the growth of IT/ITeS exports, and rising incomes and domestic demand boosting sectors like tourism and telecom. The government has also introduced various initiatives like 'Startup India' and policies liberalizing FDI to create an attractive ecosystem for the services sector in India.
Deloitte India: What the union budget 2021 brings?aakash malhotra
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Union Budget 2021, including:
1. Economic indicators such as GDP contraction, inflation rates, growth drivers, monetary policy actions, FDI flows, credit growth, and current account trends.
2. Direct tax proposals including tax exemption for cash allowance in lieu of LTC, taxation of interest on PF contributions over Rs. 250,000, and no tax exemption on ULIPs with premium over Rs. 250,000.
3. Corporate tax rates remaining unchanged with incentives for affordable housing projects and notified rental housing projects.
Fixed income analysis trends & outlookAnkit Jain
India has experienced strong economic growth in recent years, however GDP growth has slowed in the last quarter. Private consumption and industrial production growth have also moderated due to rural economic weakness. While foreign investment has increased and exports are up, the trade deficit has widened. Overall the Indian economy faces opportunities such as a growing workforce and consumer base, but also challenges like poverty, unemployment, income inequality, and inadequate infrastructure development.
This document provides an overview of Indonesia's economy and investment opportunities. It discusses Indonesia's large population and GDP growth, its participation in trade agreements, main economic sectors, infrastructure development needs, tax policies, and challenges to investment. The Indonesian government under President Jokowi is implementing reforms and economic stimulus packages to attract investment and build infrastructure to support the growing economy.
growth of service sector in india after post independence era...DIPANJAN ROY
This document discusses the growth of India's services sector since liberalization. It notes that the services sector share of GDP has grown significantly, reaching over 50% in recent years, though employment share has remained relatively stable. Within services, IT and ITES have experienced the most rapid growth at over 25% annually. However, development has been uneven across sectors and regions. While India has emerged as a major exporter, especially in IT, imports have also increased substantially.
India: New Government & Economic Outlook | Aranca Articles and PublicationsAranca
India on the brink of turnaround with the economy set to be back on high-growth trajectory. Aranca's article highlights Indian economic developments which include GDP, FDI, growth rate, exports, repo rate, crude price, portfolio inflows, corporate sector etc.
The document summarizes information about India's service sector. It discusses how the service sector contributes over 50% to India's GDP and is the key driver of economic growth. It provides examples of major service industries like finance, tourism, and IT. The service sector employs a large skilled workforce and has attracted significant foreign investment. However, it faces challenges like high infrastructure costs and global competition. The government is taking initiatives to develop the sector further.
A Pre Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Prog...ijtsrd
Background Health is considered as one of the most important values of life. Certain illnesses can also change the client’s body image or physical appearance weakness, loss of limb, and severe scarring. The client’s self esteem and self concept will also be affected. Early detection and treatment is one of the measures to prevent illness and also to reduce complications and death. Objective The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge towards safe handling of chemotherapeutics drugs among staff nurses in Cancer hospital Gwalior M.P. Methods The research design selected for the study was pre experimental one group pre test posttest . Structured knowledge questionnaire developed to assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding safe handling of chemotherapeutic drugs. Bhoori Singh | Sunita Tomar | Sunita Singh "A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge towards Safe Handling of Chemotherapeutics Drugs among Staff Nurses in C.H.R.I Gwalior (M.P)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42353.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/42353/a-preexperimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-towards-safe-handling-of-chemotherapeutics-drugs-among-staff-nurses-in-chri-gwalior-mp/bhoori-singh
Newsletter on daily professional updates- 3rd October 2019CA PRADEEP GOYAL
Success is no accident. It is hard work, perseverance, learning, studying, sacrifice and most of all, love of what you are doing or learning to do.
Here is your Daily dose of professional updates in newsletter form- 3rd October 2019.
A2 Macro Growth and Development in India Revision Notestutor2u
Despite years of economic growth, India faces significant health care weaknesses. It has only six physicians per 10,000 people compared to over 10 in other countries, and transport to hospitals can be expensive. Malnutrition is also a major problem, as 40% of Indians are underweight despite India being self-sufficient in grain production.
Indian Economy - old wine in new bottlesimran sakshi
The document discusses whether the Indian economy under the Modi government is "old wine in new bottle" or "new wine in old bottle". It provides an overview of the Indian economy and key reforms by the Modi government. While some positive changes have occurred like increased FDI, manufacturing targets, and subsidy reforms through Aadhaar, some challenges remain around job creation, wealth distribution, and addressing bad loans. Overall the reforms have been steady but incremental, with some doubting the pace and impact of changes.
Detailed Analysis of service sector and its composition in India by MehrreenMehr Reen
This document provides a detailed analysis of India's service sector and its composition. It discusses that the service sector now accounts for more than half of India's GDP, marking a significant evolution of the Indian economy. The key services include trade, hotels, banking, insurance, real estate, transport, and business services. The service sector has seen rapid growth since the 1990s due to economic reforms and liberalization. While the sector has grown, it has not created employment proportionately. The document also outlines the various sub-sectors within services, trends in growth and investments, government initiatives, and the role of services in economic development.
The document provides an overview of India's economy including:
1) Key economic statistics such as GDP, GDP growth, exports/imports, sectors contributing to GDP, and comparisons to other BRIC countries.
2) Analysis of different sectors showing strong growth in services and industry but stagnation in agriculture.
3) Issues around poverty, inequality, healthcare, education, infrastructure that highlight India is not uniformly "shining".
4) Recommendations around skills development, rural connectivity, and integration to address these issues.
The document is a 2014 economic survey of India by the OECD that makes several recommendations:
1. India's economy is recovering but more reforms are needed to sustain growth above 8%, including reducing subsidies, increasing infrastructure investment, and tax reform.
2. Structural barriers have hampered growth and job creation, especially in manufacturing, and parts of the banking system are vulnerable.
3. Increasing opportunities for women could boost growth by over 2% by raising equity and the number of quality jobs.
4. Public health care is poor for most Indians and increased spending is recommended.
Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing G20 economy. The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided a strong growth impetus.
- The document summarizes the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of India.
- It finds that major reforms in India are boosting growth, but growth could be more inclusive and regional inequality remains high.
- Key recommendations include comprehensive tax reform to raise more revenue, reducing corporate taxes to attract more investment, and increasing social spending and access to infrastructure to strengthen inclusive growth across regions.
The service sector makes up a large and growing portion of the Indian economy. It accounted for 59% of India's GDP in 2014-2015 and grew by 9% annually during that period. Services contribute to about a quarter of total employment in India. Some key services include trade, transport, finance, IT, and community/social services. The service sector is also an important source of exports, making India the 7th largest service exporter in the world.
1) The document discusses the importance of the service sector for India's socio-economic growth, noting that it is a major contributor to national income and employment.
2) It provides background on the primary, secondary, and tertiary (service) sectors. The service sector covers a wide range of activities from simple to sophisticated and has experienced rapid growth.
3) The service sector makes significant contributions to India's economy by supporting economic growth, employment generation, exports, and increasing tax revenues among other benefits. It currently employs a large portion of the workforce.
This document summarizes key aspects of the service sector in India. It notes that the service sector now accounts for over half of India's GDP and is the largest employer. Some of the fastest growing services include travel/tourism, business process outsourcing, software/IT services, and banking/finance. India has become a major hub for outsourcing due to its large English-speaking workforce and lower costs compared to other countries. However, the service sector still faces challenges from increasing competition and needing further development.
The document discusses the growth of India's service sector, with a focus on the IT/ITES sector. It notes that the service sector now represents over half of India's GDP and is the fastest growing sector. The IT/ITES sector in particular has transformed India's image globally and is a major contributor to the economy. The document traces the history from pre-liberalization policies in the 1950s-1980s that focused on internal markets and public sector dominance to the economic reforms beginning in 1991 that opened the economy and boosted growth. The IT/ITES sector benefited greatly from these reforms and liberalization, growing to become a star performer and global leader, though it faced challenges from the 2008 global economic crisis. Overall the sector remains
The document summarizes the growth of the Indian economy in recent years. It notes that India has one of the fastest growing economies in the world, with the GDP growing at over 9% annually. Several key sectors like industry, services, and agriculture have all witnessed high growth. Exports are also surging and India has become an attractive destination for foreign investment and M&A activities. With its large population and growing middle class, India is well-positioned for strong continued economic expansion.
The Indian services sector remains the key driver of economic growth in India, contributing over half of India's GDP. Some of the major factors contributing to growth include the expansion of banking and financial services due to government policies promoting financial inclusion, a large skilled workforce supporting the growth of IT/ITeS exports, and rising incomes and domestic demand boosting sectors like tourism and telecom. The government has also introduced various initiatives like 'Startup India' and policies liberalizing FDI to create an attractive ecosystem for the services sector in India.
Deloitte India: What the union budget 2021 brings?aakash malhotra
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Union Budget 2021, including:
1. Economic indicators such as GDP contraction, inflation rates, growth drivers, monetary policy actions, FDI flows, credit growth, and current account trends.
2. Direct tax proposals including tax exemption for cash allowance in lieu of LTC, taxation of interest on PF contributions over Rs. 250,000, and no tax exemption on ULIPs with premium over Rs. 250,000.
3. Corporate tax rates remaining unchanged with incentives for affordable housing projects and notified rental housing projects.
Fixed income analysis trends & outlookAnkit Jain
India has experienced strong economic growth in recent years, however GDP growth has slowed in the last quarter. Private consumption and industrial production growth have also moderated due to rural economic weakness. While foreign investment has increased and exports are up, the trade deficit has widened. Overall the Indian economy faces opportunities such as a growing workforce and consumer base, but also challenges like poverty, unemployment, income inequality, and inadequate infrastructure development.
This document provides an overview of Indonesia's economy and investment opportunities. It discusses Indonesia's large population and GDP growth, its participation in trade agreements, main economic sectors, infrastructure development needs, tax policies, and challenges to investment. The Indonesian government under President Jokowi is implementing reforms and economic stimulus packages to attract investment and build infrastructure to support the growing economy.
growth of service sector in india after post independence era...DIPANJAN ROY
This document discusses the growth of India's services sector since liberalization. It notes that the services sector share of GDP has grown significantly, reaching over 50% in recent years, though employment share has remained relatively stable. Within services, IT and ITES have experienced the most rapid growth at over 25% annually. However, development has been uneven across sectors and regions. While India has emerged as a major exporter, especially in IT, imports have also increased substantially.
India: New Government & Economic Outlook | Aranca Articles and PublicationsAranca
India on the brink of turnaround with the economy set to be back on high-growth trajectory. Aranca's article highlights Indian economic developments which include GDP, FDI, growth rate, exports, repo rate, crude price, portfolio inflows, corporate sector etc.
The document summarizes information about India's service sector. It discusses how the service sector contributes over 50% to India's GDP and is the key driver of economic growth. It provides examples of major service industries like finance, tourism, and IT. The service sector employs a large skilled workforce and has attracted significant foreign investment. However, it faces challenges like high infrastructure costs and global competition. The government is taking initiatives to develop the sector further.
A Pre Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Prog...ijtsrd
Background Health is considered as one of the most important values of life. Certain illnesses can also change the client’s body image or physical appearance weakness, loss of limb, and severe scarring. The client’s self esteem and self concept will also be affected. Early detection and treatment is one of the measures to prevent illness and also to reduce complications and death. Objective The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge towards safe handling of chemotherapeutics drugs among staff nurses in Cancer hospital Gwalior M.P. Methods The research design selected for the study was pre experimental one group pre test posttest . Structured knowledge questionnaire developed to assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding safe handling of chemotherapeutic drugs. Bhoori Singh | Sunita Tomar | Sunita Singh "A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge towards Safe Handling of Chemotherapeutics Drugs among Staff Nurses in C.H.R.I Gwalior (M.P)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42353.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/42353/a-preexperimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-towards-safe-handling-of-chemotherapeutics-drugs-among-staff-nurses-in-chri-gwalior-mp/bhoori-singh
Newsletter on daily professional updates- 3rd October 2019CA PRADEEP GOYAL
Success is no accident. It is hard work, perseverance, learning, studying, sacrifice and most of all, love of what you are doing or learning to do.
Here is your Daily dose of professional updates in newsletter form- 3rd October 2019.
A2 Macro Growth and Development in India Revision Notestutor2u
Despite years of economic growth, India faces significant health care weaknesses. It has only six physicians per 10,000 people compared to over 10 in other countries, and transport to hospitals can be expensive. Malnutrition is also a major problem, as 40% of Indians are underweight despite India being self-sufficient in grain production.
Indian Economy - old wine in new bottlesimran sakshi
The document discusses whether the Indian economy under the Modi government is "old wine in new bottle" or "new wine in old bottle". It provides an overview of the Indian economy and key reforms by the Modi government. While some positive changes have occurred like increased FDI, manufacturing targets, and subsidy reforms through Aadhaar, some challenges remain around job creation, wealth distribution, and addressing bad loans. Overall the reforms have been steady but incremental, with some doubting the pace and impact of changes.
Detailed Analysis of service sector and its composition in India by MehrreenMehr Reen
This document provides a detailed analysis of India's service sector and its composition. It discusses that the service sector now accounts for more than half of India's GDP, marking a significant evolution of the Indian economy. The key services include trade, hotels, banking, insurance, real estate, transport, and business services. The service sector has seen rapid growth since the 1990s due to economic reforms and liberalization. While the sector has grown, it has not created employment proportionately. The document also outlines the various sub-sectors within services, trends in growth and investments, government initiatives, and the role of services in economic development.
The document provides an overview of India's economy including:
1) Key economic statistics such as GDP, GDP growth, exports/imports, sectors contributing to GDP, and comparisons to other BRIC countries.
2) Analysis of different sectors showing strong growth in services and industry but stagnation in agriculture.
3) Issues around poverty, inequality, healthcare, education, infrastructure that highlight India is not uniformly "shining".
4) Recommendations around skills development, rural connectivity, and integration to address these issues.
The document is a 2014 economic survey of India by the OECD that makes several recommendations:
1. India's economy is recovering but more reforms are needed to sustain growth above 8%, including reducing subsidies, increasing infrastructure investment, and tax reform.
2. Structural barriers have hampered growth and job creation, especially in manufacturing, and parts of the banking system are vulnerable.
3. Increasing opportunities for women could boost growth by over 2% by raising equity and the number of quality jobs.
4. Public health care is poor for most Indians and increased spending is recommended.
Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing G20 economy. The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided a strong growth impetus.
- The document summarizes the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of India.
- It finds that major reforms in India are boosting growth, but growth could be more inclusive and regional inequality remains high.
- Key recommendations include comprehensive tax reform to raise more revenue, reducing corporate taxes to attract more investment, and increasing social spending and access to infrastructure to strengthen inclusive growth across regions.
United states-2018-oecd-economic-survey-sustaining-growth-and-raising-employmentOECD, Economics Department
The document is an OECD Economic Survey of the United States that discusses recent economic trends and makes policy recommendations. It finds that the US expansion is continuing with GDP and employment growth, but fiscal stimulus is needed to sustain growth. It recommends implementing corporate tax reform permanently and reining in spending to stabilize public debt. It also suggests reducing regulatory barriers in services, boosting skills training, and addressing the opioid crisis to help more workers find jobs.
This document provides a summary of the first OECD Economic Assessment of Malaysia in 2016. It notes that Malaysia has experienced resilient GDP growth and rising incomes levels close to the OECD average. However, it also finds opportunities to boost productivity growth through improvements to education, reducing skills mismatches, strengthening competition, and liberalizing services. The assessment provides recommendations to foster more inclusive and sustainable growth through measures such as boosting social protection, addressing regional inequality, and reforming the pension system.
India provides large opportunities for many companies due to its rapid economic growth, large population, and government reforms attracting investment. India's GDP has grown steadily at around 7% annually and it is projected to become one of the top 5 global economies by 2020 due to its young population, increasing urbanization and wealth, and continued economic reforms. The government is investing heavily in infrastructure and easing business regulations to facilitate growth and attract foreign investment, which has been steadily increasing. Rising incomes are fueling increased consumer spending on durables, vehicles, and internet/mobile, transforming India's consumer market. However, global models may not work in totality due to India's unique complexities, and companies must overcome local challenges to succeed.
India Budget 2012-13 - Analysis by Prabhu SrinivasanPrabhu Srinivasan
Budget 2012-13 has invited more criticisms than appreciations from the various stakeholders of the country. Given the unanticipated difficult situation the global markets are currently in, and the multiple problems that the Indian economy is facing, such as weakening of Rupee against US Dollars, High cost of funds, Inflationary pressures, and High unemployment levels to name a few, the finance ministry has opted for a stringent budget to defy these problems and bring the economy back on a sustainable growth path. I would like to conclude the analysis with my view that the key lies in implementation of the plans. Having observed in the past, that implementation of various initiatives have seen multiple road-blocks stalling them abruptly, we shall try to learn from our past to ensure growth and prosperity of the world’s largest democracy!
Italy is recovering after a deep and long
recession. Structural reforms, accommodative
monetary and fiscal conditions, and low
commodity prices have helped the economy to turn
the corner.
A moderate expansion is underway in most major advanced and emerging economies, but growth remains weak in the euro area, which runs the risk of prolonged stagnation if further steps are not taken to boost demand.
INDIA is one of the oldest civilizations in the world
with a kaleidoscopic variety and rich cultural heritage.
It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most
populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the
most populous democracy in the world. In the present
scenario, India’s economy is the fourth largest by purchasing
power parity (PPP) and 10th largest by nominal
gross domestic product (GDP), globally.
India has seen a systematic transition from being a
closed door economy to an open economy since the beginning
of economic reforms in the country in 1991.
These reforms have had a far-reaching impact and have
helped India unleash its enormous growth potential.
Today India is one of the fastest growing economies in
the world and has emerged as a key destination for foreign
investors in recent years. According to UNCTAD’s
World Investment Prospects Survey 2012–2014, India is
the third-most attractive destination for FDI (after China
and the US) in the world.
India’s GDP has also grown at around 7.9 per cent between
2003 and 2012. This trend, according to the International
Monetary Fund (IMF), is likely to continue for
the next five years with an average GDP growth rate of
7.7 per cent per annum till 2017. India’s GDP for 2015,
valued at US$ 2.183 trillion at current prices is the 10th
largest in the world1.
The document summarizes key findings from the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of South Africa. It finds that while short-term fiscal and monetary policies have limited scope to boost growth, bold structural reforms are needed in areas like network sectors, education, energy infrastructure, and regional integration. Unemployment remains high in South Africa and poverty reduction has been slow. The report recommends reforms such as improving education and vocational training, reducing red tape for businesses, opening up more sectors to competition, deepening regional integration within the SADC, and boosting entrepreneurship.
In 2015, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi made improving India's ranking in the World Bank's ease of doing business index a key priority. India set a goal of reaching the top 50 economies by 2020. Since 2016, India implemented numerous reforms that drove remarkable improvements in its ranking, from 130th in 2017 to 63rd in 2020. However, there has been limited impact on foreign direct investment and entrepreneurship. While India made significant progress, further reforms are still needed for the benefits to be fully realized and for India to better compete with other major economies.
The OECD chief economist assessed the economic risks of the coronavirus outbreak. If contained to China, it could reduce world GDP by 0.5% in 2020, but a wider spread could lower GDP by 1.5% as demand falls in Asia, Europe, and North America. Government responses like increased health spending, tax relief for affected industries, and coordinated fiscal and monetary stimulus across countries could help offset economic losses.
OECD: The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic (Presentation)chaganomics
The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic prospects is severe Growth was weak but stabilising until the coronavirus Covid-19 hit. Restrictions on movement of people, goods and services, and containment measures such as factory closures have cut manufacturing and domestic demand sharply in China. The impact on the rest of the world through business travel and tourism, supply chains, commodities and lower confidence is growing.
Global economic growth is projected to remain low in 2016 and 2017, with flat growth in advanced economies and slower growth in many emerging markets. Key risks include Brexit, financial vulnerabilities in emerging markets, and increased financial market volatility. Low growth is trapping economies in weak conditions characterized by subdued investment, trade, employment, wages and productivity. This broken growth pattern fails to deliver promised prosperity to youth and investors. The OECD recommends comprehensive, coordinated policy action across countries involving quality public investment, structural reforms tailored to each country, and reducing the burden on monetary policy to put economies on a stronger, more equitable growth path.
The document discusses India's goal of becoming a $5 trillion economy by 2024-25. It outlines the economic challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, including a 23.9% contraction in GDP in the first quarter of 2020. However, the government has announced stimulus packages and reforms to boost economic growth. Foreign investment in India has also increased, supported by the country's large consumer market and growing digital economy. Realizing the $5 trillion target will require sustained high growth rates and increased investment.
Presentation on #MakeInIndia for Indian School of Business, MohaliAlwyn Didar Singh
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. A Didar Singh, Secretary General of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI). The presentation covered several topics:
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2. It discussed India's manufacturing sector, noting that manufacturing as a percentage of GDP has remained stagnant while globally India lags in manufacturing competitiveness.
3. It introduced the key policy initiatives of "Make in India" and improving ease of doing business to boost manufacturing in India.
4. It reviewed some reforms in factor markets
Getting stronger but tensions are rising presentation OECD interim economic o...OECD, Economics Department
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Short-term momentum: will it be sustained? OECD Economic Outlook presentation...OECD, Economics Department
The OECD interim economic report provides the following key points:
1) The short-term global economic momentum has become more broad-based across major economies due to improvements in the euro area and synchronised growth across countries.
2) However, strong and sustained medium-term growth is not assured as private investment remains weak and inflation and wage growth are still subdued.
3) Policymakers must pursue fiscal and structural reforms to rebalance support for inclusive growth through better tax and spending policies while managing financial risks.
The document is the 2016 OECD Economic Survey of Germany. It discusses Germany's strong economic recovery after the recession, low unemployment rate, and high levels of well-being. However, it notes investment is low compared to other countries, which contributes to low productivity growth. It recommends increasing investment in infrastructure and removing barriers in professional services to boost competition and productivity, especially in the services sector. It also addresses issues around population aging, increasing immigration, education outcomes for immigrants, and encouraging more women and older workers to remain in the labor force.
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Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance36 Crypto
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Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio ProblemMajid Iqbal
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
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India 2017-oecd-economic-survey-strong-reforms-are-boosting-inclusive-growth
1. 2017 OECD ECONOMIC
SURVEY OF INDIA
Strong reforms
are boosting inclusive growth
@OECD
@OECDeconomy
http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-india.htm
http://oe.cd/1No
Delhi, 28 February 2017
2. India is undertaking major reforms
Prosperity is rising quickly, but growth
could be more inclusive
Comprehensive tax reform, building up on
the landmark GST reform, would lift all
boats
Reducing regional inequality is key
Main messages
2
3. 3
Growth has been very strong
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Brazil Russia South
Africa
Chile Mexico Colombia Turkey Indonesia China India
%
Average annualised GDP growth rate between 2014 and 2016Q3
Source: CSO; and OECD Economic Outlook 100 database.
4. 4
Inflation is under control
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Y-o-y % change
Consumer price index
Source: Reserve Bank of India.
5. The current account deficit has narrowed
5
Source: Reserve Bank of India.
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
% of GDP
% of GDP
Current account balance
6. 6
Exposure to external risks is relatively low
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
India China Saudi
Arabia
Russia Indonesia Turkey Brazil Mexico South Africa
% of GDP
External liabilities
2016Q3 or latest available
Foreign-currency Total
Note: Foreign-currency external liabilities are approximated by the sum of a positive difference between debt securities issued by nationals and
residents from the BIS debt securities database (a proxy for off-shore external bond liabilities) and external liabilities for financial derivatives and
other investments (the latter includes bank loans) from the IMF international investment position database.
Source: Reserve Bank of India; Bank for International Settlements; and OECD calculations.
7. Structural reforms are boosting growth
Source: OECD compilation.
Key reforms approved Key ongoing reforms
Goods and Services Tax (GST)
Financing system for the states
FDI deregulation
Bankruptcy laws
Inflation targeting
Budget making process
Competitive and co-operative federalism
Subsidies (oil, food and fertilisers)
Financial inclusion
Corporate income tax
Tax evasion and compliance
Ease of doing business
Banks
Labour regulations
7
8. 8
India has been a top reformer
Note: The FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index reflects the situation at end 2016 for India and at end 2015 for other countries. Data for Costa Rica
refer to the period 2012-15.
Source: OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index database.
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
India
China
Malaysia
Turkey
Mexico
Korea
OECD
CostaRica
Chile
SouthAfrica
Italy
Japan
Tunisia
Brazil
UnitedStates
Morocco
Egypt
UnitedKingdom
France
Ireland
Greece
Colombia
Germany
Russia
Argentina
Indonesia
FDI regulatory restrictiveness index, changes over the period 2011-16
(More restrictive)
(Less restrictive)
9. 1.1 billion unique identification numbers
(Aadhaar) created to better target support to
the poor
276 million bank accounts opened for the poor
since August 2014
34 million toilets built since October 2014
7 108 villages electrified in 2015-16 (out of the
18 452 unelectrified villages)
Inclusiveness stands high on the agenda
9
10. It is crucial to revive investment
10
Note: Gross fixed capital formation.
Source: Central Statistical Organisation.
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
%
Investment to GDP ratio
11. 11
Non-performing loans are high
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Malaysia
China
Argentina
Chile
Philippines
Indonesia
Colombia
Turkey
South
Africa
Brazil
India
Russia
% of gross advances
Non-performing loans
September 2016 or latest data available
Source: Reserve Bank of India and IMF.
12. 12
More progress on FDI is needed
Note: The FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index reflects the situation at end 2016 for India and at end 2015 for other countries. Data for
Costa Rica refer to the period 2012-15.
Source: OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index database.
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
China
Indonesia
India
Malaysia
Tunisia
Mexico
Russia
Korea
Brazil
UnitedStates
OECD
Morocco
Egypt
UnitedKingdom
Turkey
Chile
SouthAfrica
Italy
Japan
CostaRica
France
Ireland
Argentina
Greece
Colombia
Germany
FDI regulatory restrictiveness index, 2016 or latest
(higher scores indicate greater restrictiveness)
13. 13
More social infrastructure is needed in some
regions
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Mizoram
Megahlaya
Kerala
Nagaland
Puducherry
Daman&Diu
Lakshadweep
Delhi
Goa
Sikkim
Manipur
A&NIslands
Chandigarh
Assam
Tripura
Maharashtra
HimachalPradesh
TamilNadu
Uttarakhand
Punjab
Haryana
Gujarat
Karnataka
ArunachalPradesh
Dadra&NagarHaveli
WestBengal
Chhattisgarh
India
Jammu&Kashmir
Odisha
MadhyaPradesh
Jharkhand
AndhraPradesh
UttarPradesh
Rajasthan
Bihar
%
Illiteracy rate, persons of 15 years and above
Source: NSS Report No. 566: Status of Education and Vocational Training in India; and Census of India.
Data are for 2011-12.
14. 14
Rural areas lack access to core
infrastructure
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Bihar
UttarPradesh
Assam
Jharkhand
Orissa
WestBengal
Meghalaya
India
ArunachalPradesh
Rajasthan
MadhyaPradesh
Tripura
Manipur
Mizoram
Chhattisgarh
Maharashtra
Nagaland
A&NIslands
Jammu&Kashmir
Uttarakhand
Gujarat
Karnataka
Haryana
AndhraPradesh
Sikkim
TamilNadu
DadraandNagarHaveli
Kerala
Punjab
Goa
Puducherry
HimachalPradesh
Chandigarh
Delhi
DamanandDiu
Lakshadweep
% total
Households whose main source of lighting is electricity
Source: Census of India 2011.
15. 15
Public debt is high
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Chile
Indonesia
Turkey
China
SouthAfrica
Mexico
Brazil
India
OECD
%
Public debt-to-GDP ratio, 2015 or latest year
Data for India are revised estimates by the Reserve Bank of India for the fiscal year 2015-16.
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 100 database; Reserve Bank of India; Brazilian ministry of economy; and World Bank World
Development Indicators database.
16. Strengthen public banks' balance sheets by
recapitalisation, bank consolidation and lowering the 51%
government share
Increase public spending on physical and social
infrastructure
Gradually extend the subsidy reform to other products
including fertilisers and food
Raise more revenue, especially from property and personal
income taxes, to ensure that government debt to GDP
return to a declining path
Key recommendations to strengthen
macroeconomic resilience and growth
16
18. 18
GST is a landmark reform
but India needs to raise more revenue
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Indonesia
Russia
India
China
Mexico
Chile
Colombia
SouthAfrica
Turkey
Brazil
OECD
% of GDP
Tax revenue, 2015 or latest
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 100 database; OECD Revenue Statistics database; World Bank; Reserve Bank of India; Central
Statistical Organisation.
19. 19
The personal income tax raises little revenue
Note: Social security contributions are not included.
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 100 database; OECD Revenue Statistics database; World Bank; Reserve Bank of India; Central
Statistical Organisation.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
China
India
Indonesia
SlovakRepublic
CzechRepublic
Russia
Brazil
Turkey
Korea
Poland
Hungary
Slovenia
Estonia
Latvia
Japan
Greece
Israel
Spain
Portugal
Ireland
Netherlands
France
Luxembourg
OECD
UnitedKingdom
SouthAfrica
Germany
Switzerland
Norway
UnitedStates
Austria
Australia
Italy
Canada
Sweden
Belgium
Finland
NewZealand
Iceland
% of GDP
Revenues on income tax
2015 or latest year available
20. 20
Combined corporate tax rates are high
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
UnitedKingdom
SaudiArabia
Russia
Italy
Turkey
Australia
China
Canada
Germany
Korea
Mexico
SouthAfrica
Indonesia
Brazil
France
Japan
Argentina
UnitedStates
India
%
Combined statutory tax rates on international dividend payments in G20 countries, 2016
Note: Foreign source income is assumed to be exempted in the residence countries. For India, the 45% rate comprises the 30% CIT rate on
corporate profits, plus 12% surcharge on CIT and 3% earmarked tax (on CIT and surcharge amount), plus the 15% dividend distribution tax.
Source: Thomas et al. (forthcoming).
21. 21
Reducing the corporate tax rate would
attract FDI
0
1
2
3
Japan
Korea
Germany
SouthAfrica
Brazil
Argentina
Russia
Italy
SaudiArabia
UnitedKingdom
France
Australia
Indonesia
UnitedStates
India
China
Turkey
Canada
Mexico
% of GDP
FDI net inflows in G20 countries, 2015
Note: FDI net inflows are the value of inward direct investment made by non-resident investors in the reporting economy net of repatriation of
capital and repayment of loans.
Source: OECD FDI main aggregates database.
22. 22
More resources for the tax administration
would raise tax compliance
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
Russia
OECD
SouthAfrica
Non-OECD
Indonesia
Brazil
India
Citizens per tax administration employee
Note: Data for India relates to the CBDT.
Source: OECD (2015), Tax Administration 2013: Comparative Information on OECD and other advanced and emerging economies.
23. Remove the tax expenditures that benefit the rich most
(e.g. those related to housing investment) and freeze the
income thresholds from which rates apply.
Enable municipalities to raise more real estate taxes.
Implement the reduction in the corporate income tax rate
from 30% to 25% while broadening the base.
Increase the number and training of staff employed in the
tax administration.
Key recommendations to ensure taxes better
support inclusive growth
23
25. Regional disparities are large
25
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
NOR
IRL
JPN
SVN
KOR
CHE
AUT
DNK
FIN
GRC
ESP
PRT
EST
SWE
NLD
ITA
TUR
AUS
NZL
POL
HUN
LVA
DEU
FRA
GBR
BEL
CAN
CZE
SVK
CHL
USA
MEX
ZAF
CHN
BRA
IND
COL
IDN
RUS
%
Regional variation in GDP per capita as a % of national average, 2013 (TL2)
Minimum Country average = 100 Maximum
Note: Regions in OECD member countries have been classified according to two territorial levels to facilitate international comparability.
The territorial level 2 (TL2) consists of macro-regions, states in the case of India.
Source: OECD Regional Statistics database.
26. 26
There is little evidence
that poor states are catching up
Note: The population data are from Census 2001 and 2011. For the other years, population was estimated by linear interpolation and
extrapolation.
Source: Central Statistics Office; and NSSO.
0.2
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.3
1999-2000
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
Weighted and unweighted Ginis across states over time
Unweighted Gini coefficient Weighted Gini coefficient
27. 27
Rural poverty is very high in some states
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Lakshwadeep
DamanandDiu
A&NIslands
Chandigarh
Goa
Punjab
Himachal…
Kerala
Sikkim
AndhraPradesh
Jammu&…
Uttarakhand
Haryana
Meghalaya
Delhi
TamilNadu
Rajasthan
Tripura
Puducherry
Nagaland
Gujarat
WestBengal
Maharashtra
Karnataka
AllIndia
UttarPradesh
Assam
Bihar
Mizoram
Orissa
MadhyaPradesh
Manipur
Arunachal…
Jharkhand
Chhattisgarh
Dadra&…
%
Rural poverty rate across states,
with poverty line measured in terms of per capita consumption expenditure
Note: Poverty is calculated by using the Tendulkar methodology, which expresses the poverty line in terms of monthly per capita
consumption expenditure based on a mixed reference period. Data refer to FY 2011-12.
Source: Reserve Bank of India.
28. 28
Productivity differences across states
contribute to regional inequalities
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Bihar
UttarP.
Manipur
Assam
MadhyaP.
AndhraP.
Jharkhand
J&K
Chattisgarh
Orissa
Tripura
Meghalaya
Rajasthan
WestBengal
Mizoram
Nagaland
India
ArunachalP.
Karnataka
Kerala
TamilNadu
Punjab
Uttarakhand
HimachalP.
Gujarat
Maharashtra
Haryana
Puducherry
A&NIslands
Delhi
Chandigarh
Goa
Labour productivity as a ratio of all India productivity
States Union territories
Note: Labour productivity is measured as the ratio of value added (GDP) per worker.
Source: CSO; and OECD Economic Outlook 100 database.
29. 29
Agriculture still employs many
Notes: Employment data for China refer to the primary sector (including farming, forestry, animal husbandry and
fishery).
Source: NSSO; National Bureau Statistics of China; and World Bank.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
South Africa OECD Russia Mexico Brazil Turkey China Indonesia India
%
Share of agriculture in total employment
2014 or latest year available
30. 30
Agriculture productivity is low
Notes: Employment data for China refer to the primary sector (including farming, forestry, animal husbandry and
fishery).
Source: NSSO; National Bureau Statistics of China; and World Bank.
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
India China Indonesia Mexico Brazil Turkey South Africa Russia OECD
1990 PPP USD per
employee
Productivity in agriculture
2014 or latest year available
31. 31
States’ ability to tailor public policies is high
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Italy
Argentina
Austria
SouthAfrica
Spain
Russia
Canada
Switzerland
Brazil
Australia
Mexico
UnitedStates
Belgium
Germany
India
Spending autonomy
The higher the indicator, the higher the level of fiscal autonomy of sub-national government
Source: CSO; and OECD Economic Outlook 100 database.
32. 32
Urban population will increase fast in India
Note: Forecasted data are shown in red.
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014).
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1950-1960
1960-1970
1970-1980
1980-1990
1990-2000
2000-2010
2010-2050
Millions of persons
Average annual increase in urban population
33. 33
Urbanisation gains are not fully exploited
500 000
550 000
600 000
650 000
700 000
750 000
800 000
850 000
900 000
Less than 50.000 50.000 to 250.000 Over 250.000 to 1 million Over 1 million
Rupees
City population
Productivity in the organised/formal manufacturing sector in cities
Note: Productivity is calculated as a median value added per worker in the organised manufacturing sector.
Source: NSSO, Employment and unemployment survey, round No. 68; and World Bank Enterprise survey 2014.
34. 34
Local air pollution is high
Patna
Delhi
Bangalore
Mumbai
Hyderabad
Beijing
Shanghai
Johannesburg
Istanbul
Milan
Santiago
Warsaw
Budapest
Moscow
Mexico city
Bruxelles
Wien
Paris
Berlin
Rio de Janeiro
Amsterdam
Barcelona
London
Los Angeles
Montreal
0
50
100
150
200
250
µg/m³
Average annual concentration of fine particulates (PM2.5) in selected cities
National guideline (40 µg/m³ annual mean)
WHO guideline (10 µg/m³ annual mean)
Note: Indian cities are marked in red. The other selected cities are marked in blue. PM2.5 refers to particulate matter less than 2.5
micrometers in diameter; these fine particles are particularly damaging to health as they can penetrate deep into the lungs when inhaled.
Source: World Health Organisation, Ambient Air Pollution Database, May 2016.
35. Continue efforts to improve universal access to core public
services
Continue the benchmarking of states and strengthen the
sharing of best practices, in particular on labour
regulations and land laws
Enable reforms in land ownership laws, improve the land
registry and step up the digitisation of land records
Give municipalities more and clearer spending and taxing
powers
Key recommendations for a strong and
balanced regional development
35
36. 36
For more information…..
Disclaimers:
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without
prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers
and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
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Editor's Notes
Source: CSO; and OECD Economic Outlook 100 database.
Source: Reserve Bank of India.
1. Foreign-currency external liabilities are approximated by the sum of a positive difference between debt securities issued by nationals and residents from the BIS debt securities database (a proxy for off-shore external bond liabilities) and external liabilities for financial derivatives and other investments (the latter includes bank loans) from the IMF international investment position database.
Source: Reserve Bank of India; Bank for International Settlements; and OECD calculations.
The FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index measures statutory restrictions on foreign direct investment across 22 economic sectors. It gauges the restrictiveness of a country’s FDI rules by looking at the four main types of restrictions on FDI: 1) Foreign equity limitations; 2) Discriminatory screening or approval mechanisms; 3) Restrictions on the employment of foreigners as key personnel and 4) Other operational restrictions. Restrictions are evaluated on a 0 (open) to 1 (closed) scale. The overall restrictiveness index is the average of sectorial scores.
The FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index reflects the situation at end 2016 for India and at end 2015 for other countries.
Data for Costa Rica refer to the period 2012-15. 4. FDI net inflows are the value of inward direct investment made by non-resident investors in the reporting economy net of repatriation of capital and repayment of loans.
Source: Reserve Bank of India; OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index database; Brazilian Central Bank; and OECD FDI main aggregates database. Several measures have been implemented in India to deregulate FDI but are not reflected in the index.
Source: Central Statistical Organization.
Source: Reserve Bank of India and IMF.
Source: OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index database.
Source: NSS Report No. 566: Status of Education and Vocational Training in India; and Census of India.
Data are for 2011-12.
Source: Census of India 2011.
Data for India are revised estimates by the Reserve Bank of India for the fiscal year 2015-16.
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 100 database; Reserve Bank of India; Brazilian ministry of economy; and World Bank World Development Indicators database.
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 100 database; OECD Revenue Statistics database; World Bank; Reserve Bank of India; Central Statistical Organisation.
Social security contributions are not included.
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 100 database; OECD Revenue Statistics database; World Bank; Reserve Bank of India; Central Statistical Organisation.
Foreign source income is assumed to be exempted in the residence countries. For India, the 45% rate comprises the 30% CIT rate on corporate profits, plus 12% surcharge on CIT and 3% cess (on CIT and surcharge amount), plus the 15% dividend distribution tax
Source: Reserve Bank of India; Technical Background paper; Brazilian Central Bank; and OECD FDI main aggregates database.
Note: FDI net inflows are the value of inward direct investment made by non-resident investors in the reporting economy net of repatriation of capital and repayment of loans.
Source: Reserve Bank of India; Technical Background paper; Brazilian Central Bank; and OECD FDI main aggregates database.
Source: OECD (2015), Tax Administration 2013: Comparative Information on OECD and other advanced and emerging economies.
Regions in OECD member countries have been classified according to two territorial levels (TL) to facilitate international comparability. The higher level (territorial level 2) consists of macro-regions, while the lower level (Territorial level 3) is composed of micro-regions.
Source: OECD Regional Statistics database.
Note: The population data are from Census 2001 and 2011. For the other years, population was estimated by linear interpolation and extrapolation.
Source: Central Statistics Office; and NSSO.
Poverty is calculated by using the Tendulkar methodology, which expresses the poverty line in terms of monthly per capita consumption expenditure based on a mixed reference period. Data refer to FY 2011-12.
Source: Reserve Bank of India.
Data refer to FY 2011-12.
Source: Central Statistics Office of India; and Census of India.
Source: NSSO; and World Bank.
Share of agriculture in total employment
Source: World Bank.
Note: The autonomy indicators capture the assignment of fiscal power across government levels and the extent to which sub-federal governments can conduct policy in the area of taxation and spending. High levels of the indicators are associated with a high level of fiscal autonomy.
Source: OECD Fiscal Network database.
Note: Forecasted data are shown in red.
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014).
Notes: Wages are calculated using total wage and salary earnings of all individuals who, during the reference period, worked as a regular wage or salaried employee.
Productivity is calculated as a median value added per worker in the organised manufacturing sector.
Source: NSSO, Employment and unemployment survey, round No. 68; and World Bank Enterprise survey 2014.
Note: Indian cities are marked in red. The other selected cities are marked in blue.
PM2.5 refers to particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter; these fine particles are particularly damaging to health as they can penetrate deep into the lungs when inhaled.
Source: World Health Organisation, Ambient Air Pollution Database, May 2016.