Independent and subordinate clauses with examples
An extended section of subordinate clauses has been added
Practices with answer key
Simple, compound, complex and compound-complex sentences
paragraphs with focussed examples are provided to help understand the meanaing in context
This slide is dedicated to Senior High School teachers and students in Indonesia -- as one topic in the 2013 curriculum that teachers have to teach in English class.
The writer expects that this slide can provide additional references to teachers and students.
In teaching Noun Phrase, the writer does not stop at giving students knowledge about its structures and functions. Instead, the writer thinks that the teaching of Noun Phrase should help learners improve their reading comprehension, speaking, writing, as well as listening. So the teaching of Noun Phrase should have an impact to students' language skills rather than simply give knowledge. To achieve this goal, the writer trained students with a lot of translation practice via authentic texts.
This slide is dedicated to Senior High School teachers and students in Indonesia -- as one topic in the 2013 curriculum that teachers have to teach in English class.
The writer expects that this slide can provide additional references to teachers and students.
In teaching Noun Phrase, the writer does not stop at giving students knowledge about its structures and functions. Instead, the writer thinks that the teaching of Noun Phrase should help learners improve their reading comprehension, speaking, writing, as well as listening. So the teaching of Noun Phrase should have an impact to students' language skills rather than simply give knowledge. To achieve this goal, the writer trained students with a lot of translation practice via authentic texts.
All students are capable of learning. Teachers must find the best strategies to reach all learners. This presentation gives you hints about what can be done to help them learn at their level.
Definición de sinonimia y explicación de los cuatro tipos de sinonimia. Ejemplos de cada tipo. Ilustración del uso de la sinonimia como figura retórica.
Importance of writing a clear main idea expressed by a topic sentence. Kinds of supporting sentences: sensory, facts and statistics and examples or reasons. The concluding sentence or clincher and a example. It provides practice to the students.
Adverb, adjective, and noun clauses classified. A set of 10 examples per type are provided with an answer key. The reader is expected to identify where each begins and ends including the keyword that introduced them. Teachers can extend the function if they ask what word is modified and if they ask about the function of the noun clause.
An example of criteria that can be used to assess a drawing and colouring contest. It is suggested that if a reading is chosen, the pictures may be given to the students for them to draw and colour. The drawings can be from the beginning, middle or end of the story.
USING THE TELEPHONE
it deals with issues that might take place on the phone regarding business. It is mostly focussed for ESL and EFL as well as ESP students. It contains links to videos that strengthen the topics developed.
Business and Banking English
This slide presents information about definitions of business, how a business operates, common expressions used in banking, how a business is created, types of businesses, banking procedures, main trends of the business. The information is varied and complete. It is suitable for a review or introduction of the topics that could further be developed more in detail.
Phonological rules in the English Language.
A comparison of narrow and broad transcription is summarized.
A definition of phonological rule and specific examples of common rules of the English language with words that illustrate each.
Guidelines regarding looking for a job, making an online profile, building rapport with co-workers, and with students, writing formal and informal letters regarding recent job positions, describing a position and its responsibilities. Why and how to create a social media page and how to get ready for a job-fair evant.
It entails a list of guidelines given to translate different types of neologisms: old words, new coinages, abbreviations, phrasal verbs, acronyms, eponyms, collocations, phrasal verbs, transferred words. It suggests ideas on what to do if...It also presents what to keep in mind when translating neologisms and when creating them (in literary texts if necessary). It was taken from the book "A Textbook of Translation" by Peter Newmark. (1988).
translation methods based on how close they are to source and to the target language. it has examples from Spanish to English and from English to Spanish.
The Process of Translating is operational. First we choose the approach to translate, then we always keep in mind the different levels: textual, cohesive, referential and naturlaness.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. Identify and Classify Clauses
• 1. Emily Dickinson appeared to have a fairly normal life until she became a recluse
in her family's home. IC, DC
• 2. There she wrote poems that critics now call “great American poetry.”
• 3. Unfortunately, only a few of Dickinson´s poems were published while she was
alive.
• 4. After she died in 1886, her other poems were published.
• 5. My teacher, Mrs. Brooks, thinks that everyone should read at least some of
Dickinson´s poetry.
3. Identify and Classify Clauses
• 6. Emily Dickinson is a poet whose work I read often.
• 7. The poems I have just finished reading are “A Narrow Fellow in the
Grass” and “Apparently with No Surprise.”
• 8. Dickinson´s imagery in “Apparently with No Surprise” is what impresses
me most.
• 9. I read her poems aloud, so that I can listen to their rhythms.
• 10. Whatever I read by Emily Dickinson inspires me.
4. Which clauses are dependent? Which are
independent?
• To get to Alaska, we drove along the Alaska Highway, which goes through
the Yukon Territory in Canada. Since this highway is 1.397 miles long, most
tourists choose to fly to Alaska. However, by driving, we were able to take
pictures of whatever caught our attention along the way. At a rest stop, I
thought that I heard some small animals rustling in the brush, and I grabbed
my camera. What I saw disappearing into the bushes certainly surprised me;
it was an enormous moose and her calf.
5. Read the text below
• (1) To get to Alaska, we drove along the Alaska Highway, which goes
through the Yukon Territory in Canada. (2) Since this highway is 1.397 miles
long, most tourists choose to fly to Alaska. (3) However, by driving, we were
able to take pictures of whatever caught our attention along the way. (4) At a
rest stop, I thought that I heard some small animals rustling in the brush, and
I grabbed my camera. (5) What I saw disappearing into the bushes certainly
surprised me; it was an enormous moose and her calf.
6. Classifying Sentences according to Structure
: Simple, Compound, Complex and Compound
Complex
• Since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1923, senators have
been chosen by popular elections in their states. Unlike presidents, senators
are elected to six-year terms, and they can be reelected any number of times.
To be eligible for the Senate, a person must have been a United States citizen
for at least nine years in the state that he or she would like to represent. One
important job that senators have is to introduce bills in the Senate. Senators
are also responsible for approving or rejecting certain presidential
appointments, such as those of federal judges and ambassadors.
7. Identifying Independent and Subordinate Clauses
(1) Baseball is a game that depends heavily on good eye-sight.(2) For this reason, until
recently, playing the great American game has been something that people with visual
impairments could not hope to do. At least, it was true until an engineer named Charley
Fairbanks invented beep base-ball. (4) In this version of baseball, the ball beeps and the
bases buzz, so that visually impaired players can tell when to swing and where to run.
(5) Each team has a sighted pitcher and a sighted catcher, who never get a turn at bat,
and six visually impaired fielders who wear blindfolds, so that all players are equally
impaired.
8. • (6) The pitcher shouts “Ready!” before the ball is pitched and “Pitch!” when
the ball is released. (7) When the bat strikes the ball, the umpire activates the
buzzer in one of the two bases, which the batter must then run to. (8)When a
team is on defense, the pitcher and the catcher cannot field the batted ball
themselves; they can only shout directions to help the fielders. (9) Beep
baseball is fun to play, and its challenges create a bond between sighted and
visually impaired players. (10) Sighted persons who put on blindfolds and
join in come away from a game with a new respect for the abilities of their
teammates.
9. Uses of Subordinate Clauses
The Adjective Clause
Relative Pronoun
The Adverb Clause
Subordinating Conjunction
The Noun Clause
Subordinating Conjunction
10. The Adjective Clause
• An adjective clause is a subordinate clause used as an adjective to modify a noun
or a pronoun.
• Adjective clauses are often introduced by relative pronouns. Those relative
pronouns introduce the adjective clause and relate it to another word in the
sentence (noun or pronoun). Occasionally, a relative adverb introduces an
adjective clause.
• The relative pronoun has a function in the adjective clause.
Relative Pronouns: Who, whom, whose, which, that
Relative Adverb: Where, When
11. Adjective Clause
Find the adjective clauses: hint (look at the red words they modify)
Cartoonists use a variety of unusual names for the symbols that commonly
appear in funnies. For example, a briffit is the little pub of dust hanging in the
spot where a swiftly departing character had just been standing. For times
when cartoonists want to make something appear hot or smelly, they use wavy,
rising lines called waftaroms. Agitrons are the wiggly lines around object that
is supposed to be shaking. The arm of a character who is taking a swing at
something is usually trailed by a set of curved lines called a swalloop. Plewds,
which look like flying droplets of sweat, are drawn around the head of a
worried character. In fact, there are very few motions or emotions for which
cartoonists have not invented a clever, expressive symbol. Almost everyone
who liked to doodle and draw has used some of these symbols probably
without knowing the words for them.
12. • Look at the example cartoon, where you will find the names of some other common
symbols from the world of cartooning. Now you know a “language” (that) almost
nobody outside the cartooning profession knows!
13. Adjective Clause
Cartoonists use a variety of unusual names for the symbols that commonly
appear in funnies. For example, a briffit is the little pub of dust hanging in the
spot where a swiftly departing character had just been standing. For times
when cartoonists want to make something appear hot or smelly, they use wavy,
rising lines called waftaroms. Agitrons are the wiggly lines around an object that
is supposed to be shaking. The arm of a character who is taking a swing at
something is usually trailed by a set of curved lines called a swalloop. Plewds,
which look like flying droplets of sweat, are drawn around the head of a worried
character. In fact, there are very few motions or emotions for which cartoonists
have not invented a clever, expressive symbol. Almost everyone who liked to
doodle and draw has used some of these symbols probably without knowing the
words for them.
14. • Look at the example cartoon, where you will find the names of some
other common symbols from the world of cartooning. Now you know
a “language” (that) almost nobody outside the cartooning profession
knows!
15. The Adverb Clause
• An adverb clause is a subordinate or dependent clause that modifies a
verb, an adjective or an adverb.
• It tells how, when, where, why, how much, to what extend, or under
what condition the action of the main verb takes place.
• Adverb clauses are usually introduced by subordinating conjunctions.
• Introductory adverb clauses are usually set off by commas.
16. Subordinating Conjunctions
• After before so that whenever
• Although even though than where
• As if though wherever
• As if in order that unless whether
• As long as once until while
• Because since when
• Note: after, before, since, until, may be also used as prepositions.
17. Identifying and Classifying Adverb Clauses
• If you look through newspapers from the first half of this century, you
will see many pictures of Mohandas K. Gandhi. This man led India to
independence from Britain, and he took his spinning well wherever he
went. He did so because he viewed spinning as a symbol of the peaceful,
native Indian lifestyle. He also hoped to encourage the Indian people to
make their own clothes, so that they would not have to depend on British
industry. Although he used only nonviolent methods, Gandhi fought hard
for India´s independence.
18. Identifying and Classifying Adverb Clauses
• Sometimes he led marches or fasted until the government met his
requests. As India´s Congress and people increasingly supported
Gandhi´s nonviolent program, the British government was forced to
listen. Gandhi was certainly prepared to represent India as a diplomat
because he had studied law in London before he became involved in
India´s freedom movement. After independence was assured, Gandhi
turned his attention to helping India´s many poor people. Because he
was loved throughout India and the world, Gandhi was called Mahatma,
meaning “Great Soul.”
19. Identifying and Classifying Adverb Clauses
Sometimes he led marches or fasted (6) until the government met his
requests. (7) As India´s Congress and people increasingly supported
Gandhi´s nonviolent program, the British government was forced to
listen. Gandhi was certainly prepared to represent India as a diplomat (8)
because he had studied law in London (9) before he became involved in
India´s freedom movement. (10) After independence was assured, Gandhi
turned his attention to helping India´s many poor people. (11) Because he
was loved throughout India and the world, Gandhi was called Mahatma,
meaning “Great Soul.”
20. Identifying and Classifying Adverb Clauses
• (1) If you look through newspapers from the first half of this century, you
will see many pictures of Mohandas K. Gandhi. This man led India to
independence from Britain, and he took his spinning well (2) wherever he
went. He did so (3) because he viewed spinning as a symbol of the
peaceful, native Indian lifestyle. He also hoped to encourage the Indian
people to make their own clothes (4) so that they would not have to
depend on British industry. (5) Although he used only nonviolent
methods, Gandhi fought hard for Gandhi fought had for India´s
independence.
1 Condition
21. Classifying the previous
Adverb Clauses
• 1. Condition 6. Extend
• 2. Where 7. Condition
• 3. Why 8. Why
• 4. Why 9. When
• 5. Condition 10. When
11. Why
22. Building Sentences that have Adverb Clauses
• Mom usually plays the piano
• She plays sonatas
• I am hungry
• The cat gets out attention
Before we eat dinner, mom usually plays
the piano.
She plays sonatas because she likes the rhythm.
Although dinner is over, I am hungry
Whenever she meows loudly, she
gets out attention.
23. The Noun Clause
• A noun clause is a subordinate clause used as a noun.
• It may be used as a subject, a complement or the object of preposition.
Examples:
As Subject: “What Mary did was brave.
As Complement: The winner will be “whoever runs fastest.”
She finally discovered “what the answer was.”
The clerk should tell “whoever calls” the sales prices.
As objects of prepositions: He checks the ID cards of “whoever visits.”
24. Tip about Noun Clauses
• Words that usually introduce noun clauses are:
25. Identify the Noun Clause and Classify its function
What surprised me first were the yellowish green fire engines. I had
thought that fire engines were always red. Our neighbors explained
that the odd color kept the fire engines from being confused with
other large red trucks. My sister Michelle got a surprise at the
bowling alley. The small grapefruit-sized bowing balls with no holes
were not what she was used to!
26. Identify the Noun Clause and Classify its function
(1) What surprised me first were the yellowish green fire engines.
I had thought (2)that fire engines were always red. Our
neighbors explained (3) that the odd color kept the fire engines
from being confused with other large red trucks. My sister
Michelle got a surprise at the bowling alley. The small grapefruit-
sized bowing balls with no holes were not (4) what she was used
to!
27. Continued…
Whoever can knock down the pins with one of those bowling balls
must be an expert We learned that this sport is called candlepin
bowling. Later on, I was pleasantly surprised by the delicious baked
beans. They should give whoever invented Boston baked beans and
award. Now, after we have lived in New England for a year, both
Michelle and I are happy in our new home.
28. Continued…
(5) Whoever can knock down the pins with one of those
bowling balls must be an expert We learned (6)that this sport is
called candlepin bowling. Later on, I was pleasantly surprised by
the delicious baked beans. They should give whoever invented
Boston baked beans and award. Now, after we have lived in New
England for a year, both Michelle and I are happy in our new home.
29. Functions of the Previous Noun Clauses
• 1. Noun clause used as subject of the sentence
• 2 Noun clause used as complement
• 3. Noun clause used as complement
• 4. Noun clause used a complement
• 5. Noun clause used as subject of the sentence
• 6. Noun clause used as complement
• 7. Noun clause used a complement