Agricultural Pricing Policy of PakistanUltraspectra
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
http://www.ultraspectra.com
http://www.ultraspectra.net
Join Our Network:
facebook.com/ultraspectra
twitter.com/ultraspectra
youtube.com/user/ultraspecra
Pakistan faces many challenges at the beginning of the second decade of the 21stcentury:
• Decades-long struggle with macroeconomic stabilisation arising from unsustainable fiscal policies
• Pressure of demography
• Legacy of economic distortions
• Battering from external events, including earthquakes, floods and a continuing
longstanding low intensity conflict
• A large and loss-making public sector that impedes market development
• Low and declining productivity
• Heightened expectations of the population for a better life from a democratic
government.
Our growth experience of the last four decades has been volatile annual growth and
declining trend in long run growth patterns. In addition, productivity growth (a
measure of efficiency) has been low in comparison to our comparators. For the last
four years per-capita incomes have not increased in real terms while double-digit
inflation has prevailed.
Introduction:
Poverty Condition in Pakistan
Causes/Reasons of poverty in Pakistan
Effects of poverty in Pakistan
Solutions/Remedies to Overcome the Poverty in Pakistan
Conclusion
Forms of Agriculture in Pakistan
Natural and Human Factors Affecting the Production of Crops
Factors which affect Livestock Farming
Describe Fish Farms
Marine, Inland and Farm fishes
Role of Agriculture in Producing Resources for Economic Development of Pakistan
Pattern of Modernization in Agriculture with Reference of Green Revolution (1958-1969)
Problems Faced by Agricultural Sector in Pakistan
Remedies for the Problems of Agriculture Sector in Pakistan
Agricultural Map of Pakistan
this presentation depicts the real image of poverty and it causes as well as it focuses on the effects of poverty.
this is presented by the students of SZABIST University Islamabad.
Agricultural Pricing Policy of PakistanUltraspectra
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
http://www.ultraspectra.com
http://www.ultraspectra.net
Join Our Network:
facebook.com/ultraspectra
twitter.com/ultraspectra
youtube.com/user/ultraspecra
Pakistan faces many challenges at the beginning of the second decade of the 21stcentury:
• Decades-long struggle with macroeconomic stabilisation arising from unsustainable fiscal policies
• Pressure of demography
• Legacy of economic distortions
• Battering from external events, including earthquakes, floods and a continuing
longstanding low intensity conflict
• A large and loss-making public sector that impedes market development
• Low and declining productivity
• Heightened expectations of the population for a better life from a democratic
government.
Our growth experience of the last four decades has been volatile annual growth and
declining trend in long run growth patterns. In addition, productivity growth (a
measure of efficiency) has been low in comparison to our comparators. For the last
four years per-capita incomes have not increased in real terms while double-digit
inflation has prevailed.
Introduction:
Poverty Condition in Pakistan
Causes/Reasons of poverty in Pakistan
Effects of poverty in Pakistan
Solutions/Remedies to Overcome the Poverty in Pakistan
Conclusion
Forms of Agriculture in Pakistan
Natural and Human Factors Affecting the Production of Crops
Factors which affect Livestock Farming
Describe Fish Farms
Marine, Inland and Farm fishes
Role of Agriculture in Producing Resources for Economic Development of Pakistan
Pattern of Modernization in Agriculture with Reference of Green Revolution (1958-1969)
Problems Faced by Agricultural Sector in Pakistan
Remedies for the Problems of Agriculture Sector in Pakistan
Agricultural Map of Pakistan
this presentation depicts the real image of poverty and it causes as well as it focuses on the effects of poverty.
this is presented by the students of SZABIST University Islamabad.
Poverty Assessment in Urban Area of Jodhpur District in Western Arid Region o...IJAEMSJORNAL
An attempt has been made to assess the poverty status in rural area of Jodhpur district of western Rajasthan. Two villages were randomly selected fall in the radius of 20 km from the Jodhpur city whereas another two villages were selected 60 km far from Jodhpur city with poor infrastructure facility and poor non-farm employment. 30 respondents were randomly selected from each selected village.A total of 120 respondents were selected from four village for the study. Simple tabulation method was used. For determining the poverty status, income method was used. From the study, it is revealed that agriculture, livestock, non-farm-labor activities are the main factor for poverty assessment. Size of land holding is a crucial factor. Marginal and small land holding couple with low income, are the main reason for poverty. The percentage of earners in the family size groups and percentage of dependents is inversely proportionate.
Neri conference 2015 income volatility and economic securityJason Loughrey
This is a presentation given at the third annual labour market conference of the Nevin Economic Research Institute at Queens University Belfast on May 1st 2015. The presentation deals with the recent history of household income volatility in Ireland and describes the resources that are required for the construction of an Economic Security Index for households in Ireland.
Many economists have confirmed the negative and direct relationship between economic growth and income inequality. Recent studies have tried to analyse the different transmission channels through which inequality may affect economic performance indirectly. In this paper, we are only referring to the education channels: public and private education expenditures and human capital, in order to evaluate the role of each in the explanation of this negative correlation. We noticed that a high level of inequality requires more public resources this may impede economic growth. Income inequality also discourages private financing in education and human capital accumulation which leads to a sluggish economic growth. These findings imply that private education expenditure is the most important channel which explains this negative relationship reported in the literature.
Consumption Pattern of Major Food Items in Pakistanidspak
The study attempts to econometrically establish the existence or otherwise of rural-urban differences in the consumption patterns of five important food items in each province of Pakistan for the year 1979 and1984-85.' Tests are also conducted for the possibility of pooling the sectoral data for each province to present rural and urban estimates for Pakistan as a whole.
Apresentação sobre a nova classe média brasileira divulgada pelo ministro Marcelo Neri durante o Fórum Acadêmico dos BRICS, realizado no Rio de Janeiro nos dias 18 e 19 de março. Saiba mais: www.sae.gov.br
Strong capital inflows and comprehensive trade and financial liberalization characterized the last decade in the majority of Latin American countries. Despite some modest improvement in poverty incidence, the evolution of employment, wages and income distribution has frustrated even the most “Panglossian” of the Washington Consensus’s policy maker that largely run the continent along the last years.
Considering the evolution of household income distribution along the last two decades in Latin America countries an comprehensive analysis observed an asymmetrical pattern of growth with a high income concentration during the “lost decade” of 80’s and a distributive rigidity during a more expansionist phase observed in average in the region along the nineties (Sáinz, and Fuente (2001). But even this evaluation can not be assured since there is a strong underestimation of the income of the richer strata. Due to a disappearance of regular jobs in the continent a polarization process with a hollowing out of middle class and a top-driven increase in inequality seems to be happening in many countries in recent years as a social consequence of the economic and structural changes led by external opening . But unfortunately this performance is not the bottom line. Nowadays an implosive decline is taking place in Argentina with tragic consequences on poverty incidence.
Given the diversity of experiences of liberalization in the continent and the superposition of many economic and social changes to identify and even more to isolate the effects of trade and financial liberalization on income distribution it is not a simple question.
In an effort to bridge a classical/sraffian theory of income distribution with a structuralist approach to economic development and a institutionalist approach to labor markets, this paper tries to address to these questions considering the balance of payment constraint through its effect on interest rate, exchange rate, relative prices and in GDP growth as the dominant macroeconomic force shaping income distribution. Some routes can be singularized. From the classical/sraffian surplus approach emerges the proposition that there is an inverse relation between the rate of interest (formed exogenously by monetary forces) and product wage. This relationship will be considered as a clue factor connecting financial liberalization and functional income distribution. From this perspective, the level of productivity in wages goods sector is essential for the determination of real wages.
From the classical and structuralist approach we retain the basic conception that in a surplus labor economy economic growth generates not only a reduction in poverty – an indisputable stylized fact- but trough an increase in formal employment an improvement in the distribution of labor income. From both approaches we take that structural heterogeneity between sectors is a primary source of income differentiation. Thus, the impact of e
Housing: Opportunity, Security, and Empowerment for the Pooridspak
This paper highlights the importance of housing as an important dimension of poverty by examining the available literature that show the crucial contribution of adequate housing for ensuring opportunity, security and empowerment—the three pillars for poverty reduction. This paper shows how inadequate housing creates a sense of insecurity and disempowerment among the poor. Housing poverty in Pakistan is described and an index of poverty based on housing inadequacy is adapted and applied to data for Pakistan from the PIHS 1998- 99. It shows that the incidence of poverty based on housing inadequacy in Pakistan is much greater than that indicated by standard money-metric income/consumption based measures
Similar to income Inequality in four provinces of pakistan (20)
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
+12349014282
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the what's app number of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
+12349014282
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the what'sapp information for my personal pi vendor.
+12349014282
^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Duba...mayaclinic18
Whatsapp (+971581248768) Buy Abortion Pills In Dubai/ Qatar/Kuwait/Doha/Abu Dhabi/Alain/RAK City/Satwa/Al Ain/Abortion Pills For Sale In Qatar, Doha. Abu az Zuluf. Abu Thaylah. Ad Dawhah al Jadidah. Al Arish, Al Bida ash Sharqiyah, Al Ghanim, Al Ghuwariyah, Qatari, Abu Dhabi, Dubai.. WHATSAPP +971)581248768 Abortion Pills / Cytotec Tablets Available in Dubai, Sharjah, Abudhabi, Ajman, Alain, Fujeira, Ras Al Khaima, Umm Al Quwain., UAE, buy cytotec in Dubai– Where I can buy abortion pills in Dubai,+971582071918where I can buy abortion pills in Abudhabi +971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in Sharjah,+97158207191 8where I can buy abortion pills in Ajman, +971)581248768 where I can buy abortion pills in Umm al Quwain +971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in Fujairah +971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in Ras al Khaimah +971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in Alain+971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in UAE +971)581248768 we are providing cytotec 200mg abortion pill in dubai, uae.Medication abortion offers an alternative to Surgical Abortion for women in the early weeks of pregnancy. Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the what'sapp number of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Message: +12349014282 VIA Whatsapp.
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
2. The purpose of this study is to know why some
people have more income than others in Pakistan.
Some people have extra income in relation to their
needs and some people have not as much income that
they can fulfill their basic food requirements.
The proportions of such people are different in four
provinces of Pakistan.
3. 1. Income inequality is the gap between
rich and poor i.e. is the differences in the
distribution of economic assets (wealth)
and income within or between
populations or individuals.It is the state
of an economy in which the shares of
total income earned by the rich and poor
are highly unequal
2. Economic inequality varies between
societies, historical periods, economic
structures and systems (for
example, capitalism or socialism),
ongoing and past wars, and between
individuals' abilities to create wealth.
4. There are three types of social classes
in our society
Lower class
Middle class
Upper class
3. Economic policy makers can face a
tradeoff between promoting equity and
economic growth. As income shares
become more equal, the incentive for
individuals to accumulate skills, work
hard, and take risks might become
smaller, thus shrinking the size of the
economy.
5. Kemal (1994), concluded of three factors contributed
to rising income inequality.
First, employment declining, Second, Implementation
of taxes on the poor has increased and it has declined
on the rich, third, subsides have been withdrawn with
effected the poor and the rich alike while increase in
prices of output of agricultural goods has mainly
benefited the rich.
6. HAQQ (1998) , in Pakistan Increase inequality that
occurred during the last two decades. After the study
on income distribution this paper found that income
inequality is greater than expenditure inequality
because people smooth their consumption over their
lifetimes.
This study was from 1979 to 1992-93 using the data
from household income and expenditure surveys
7. Adams and Jane (1995) also examines why do some
people receive higher incomes than others with same
talents and capabilities, which type of steps can be
taken to minimize the wide differences in income
earned, so that the number of people living below the
poverty line can be reduced.
8. Richard Gephardt’s reference to people, who earn
good income as “winners in the lottery of life” is one
infamous example of this attitude.
9. The most commonly used measures include Gini
Coefficient in which decile ratio, by the bottom 50%,
60%, 70% to household the proportions of total
income earned.
The Gini is also derived from the Lorenz Curve.
10. MEASUREMENT OF INEUALITY IN
THE MODERN WORLD
LORENZ CURVES
AND GINI COEFFICIENTS
Lorenz curve: A Lorenz curve
shows the degree of inequality that
exists in the distributions of two
variables. A model developed
by economist Max Lorenz in 1905.
It is often associated with income
distribution calculations
Gini coefficient: Invented by the Italian
statistician Corado Gini. An equality
diagonal represents perfect equality: at
every point, cumulative population equals
cumulative income.
A - Equality Diagonal Population =
Income
B – Lorenz Curve
C – Difference Between Equality and
Reality
11. This data is about four provinces.
It can refer to cross sectional descriptions of the
income or wealth at any particular period, and to the
lifetime income and wealth over longer periods of
time.
There are various numerical indicates for measuring
economic inequality.
12. The research report is based on the cross section data
which is used in this report taken from HIES (Household
Integrated Economic Survey (1998-1999).. There are two
types of data:
1- Primary data
2- Secondary data
This data is secondary because it is coated. It has been
taken from other sources.. Here, some variables are used
in this report as household. A household may be either a
single person household or a multi person household.
14. To measure the income inequality in Pakistan by
using the values in table in which both Horizontal
and vertical axis into 10 equal segments
corresponding to each of 10 groups.
The percentage takes to both axis, The results show
that in the lowest 9.1% population of Pakistan receive
2.55% of total income.
16. In Lorenz is drawn for the measurement of income
inequality in Punjab by using the values contained in
the table.
In this, also the percentage of cumulative population
share is shown at horizontal axis and cumulative
income share is taken at the vertical axis. In this
lower 27% receives 11.15% of total income.
18. In Lorenz is drawn for the measurement of income
inequality in Sindh by using the values contained in
the table.
The situation of income inequality of Sindh is the
lowest value of 18.2% of population is receiving
8.3% of total income.
20. Lorenz curve is drawn to measure the income
inequality in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by using the
values contained in table.
The measure of income inequality in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa is the lower point 9.1% of the
population is receiving 4.3% of total income.
22. In Baluchistan the situation of income inequality is
different as comparing with other provinces as
Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa because
values of table and Lorenz curve shows less
inequality in Baluchistan than other provinces of
Pakistan.
23.
24.
25. The findings of this report are in Baluchistan income
inequality is less it curve near to 45 degree of perfect equality
line than other provinces.
The 9% of the total income is lowered. The main difference
can be seen at the halfway point that only in Baluchistan 45%
of population is receiving 57% of total income.
Five Lorenz curve in one graph clearly shows the income
inequality in provinces by the distance of Lorenz curve from
the perfect equality.
26. Greater the distance shows greater the degree of
inequality. As distance becomes less there will be
equality