1. An assistant engineer visited TCT Engineering to learn about optical fiber systems as an alternative to improve his company's copper cable transmission system which suffers from interference issues. 2. He learned that optical fiber has a much higher capacity than copper cable and can transmit all types of data simultaneously without electrical interference. It also allows faster transmission while using lighter and less expensive materials. 3. Based on the knowledge gained, the engineer believes optical fiber will increase their competitiveness and recommends senior staff visit TCT to learn more about implementing such a system as Malaysia aims to fully digitalize telecommunications.

1. A. INCIDENT REPORT
Samsang Sdn Bhd
INCIDENT REPORT
A. EMPLOYEE (S) DETAILS:
Name: Ahmad Bakti
Sex: Male
Race: Malay
Age: 23
Department attached: Maintenance
Length of time on present job: 2 months
B. DESCRIPTION OF THE INCIDENT:
Date: 19 March 2001
Time: 1.20 p.m.
Location: Production line No.3 in General Assembly
Equipment involved: Conveyor belt
Injury: Left hand
Details:
Ahmad Bakti had switched off the machine and was conducting routine checks on the conveyor belt. He saw that one
of the connections was not good. He started to change it when Badrol Hisham switched the machine on. The conveyer belt
moved and Ahmad’s left hand was caught in it. His hand was seriously injured. There were no witnesses to the accident.
However, Salmah Ali, who was working nearby, heard Ahmad’s yell and ran to his aid. On seeing Ahmad’s injury, Salmah ran
to get the first aid kit. Meanwhile, Badrol called the immediate supervisor, Siva a/l Muthusamy. Ahmad was taken to Siva’s
office. Salmah wrapped the injured hand in a loose bandage and Siva called for the ambulance.
The ambulance arrived at 1:40p.m. Ahmad was taken to the Tengku Ampuan Hospital. Dr. A.P. Yap did an X-ray
and found that all the fingers on Ahmad’s left hand were fractured. Ahmad’s fingers were placed in a cast and he was advised
to remain at home for at least 2 weeks.
C. CAUSES:
After an initial investigation, I discovered that step 19 of work procedure no. 2 was not followed. The procedure requires that a
“Work in Progress” signboard be displayed when conducting any repair or maintenance work. A further investigation revealed
that Ahmad Bakti had not been briefed by his immediate supervisor, Siva a/l Muthusamy on the above safety procedure.
D. RECOMMENDATIONS
To prevent similar occurrences, I suggest the following :
1. A refresher course on safety procedures should be conducted.
2. Details of the person/s to contact in the event of an emergency should be displayed.
As a follow-up, these actions have been taken:
Action no. Description Assigned to Date
1 Conduct a refresher course on safety procedure Siva 10/04/2001
2 Display the details of the person/s to contact in the event of an accident. Samsudin 1/04/ 2001
Reported by:
Joanne
………………………..
(Joanne Sim)
Chief Supervisor
Maintenance Department
B. INVESTIGATIVE REPORT
Effects of Grain Size of Tailing Materials on the Environment
AIM:
To investigate how the grain size of tailing materials affects the environment.
METHOD:
In this experiment, coffee is used as tailing material samples due to its properties and accessibility. Three types of grain sizes
are used in this experiment. They are whole grain coffee, coarse ground grain coffee and fine ground grain coffee.
Procedure
1a) Put the coffee samples of whole grain coffee, coarse ground coffee and fine ground coffee separately near the edge of a
paper plate. Blow gently through a straw on each of the coffee sample and try to get it to the middle of the plate.
b) Note which sample is easiest to move.
2a) Put three spatulas of sand into each coffee sample and mix them together.

2. b) Put all the samples onto the edge of the paper again.
c) Squirt 5 full pipettes of hot water into the middle of each sample.
d) Note the colour of the water that leaches out of each sample.
RESULTS:
1) Whole grain coffee : The grains moved quickly, mainly in straight paths.
Coarse ground coffee: It was easier to move than the whole grain coffee and it spread out. However, it did not spread out as
much as the fine ground coffee.
Fine ground coffee : It moved easily and spread out widely.
2) Whole grain : The colour of the water did not change much.
Course ground coffee : The water turned murky brown.
Fine ground coffee : The water turned dark brown.
The darkest colour in the sample of fine ground coffee is because a larger surface area is being exposed to the water.
DISCUSSION:
From the above experiment, we can deduce that fine grain particles in tailing materials from mining, when wet will
contaminate the water which flows into streams. The situation will worsen in a high rainfall area where rain will fall on piles of
tailing materials and as a result will contaminate local streams.
In desert areas, tailing materials would be a threat because they could be dry, and the wind will spread the tailing
materials everywhere and contaminate the area.
However, these problems can be overcome if the tailing materials are backfilled.
CONCLUSION:
Based on the findings, we can deduce that tailing materials from mining or industries are potentially a hazard to the
environment in both dry and wet areas. In the dry areas, the wind blows the tailing materials away and contaminates the air. In
the wet areas, the tailing materials contaminate the waterways. But it is really the fine grain tailing materials that proved to be
the greatest threat to the environment.
C. PROGRESS REPORT
TOO akitek progress report
88 Lorong Galing 128 project:
25300 Kuantan Pahang Proposed to build a row of 5 detached houses
(T) 09 5678 888 (F) 09 5678 668 and a 2-storey office block of 8 units at Lot 22-
Project no.: TOO/dhob-ktn/223-01 23 Jln. Sg. Lembing, Kuanta, Pahang
Contract no.: IMK/F1/PRK/MK/C28/01 Date: 15-09-_ _
WORKING HOURS
ITEM WORKFORCE QUANTITY (NO.) FROM TO INTRODUCTION
1. Site supervisor 1 9.00 a.m. 5.00 p.m.
2. Bricklayer 6 8.00 a.m. 3.00 p.m.
3. Carpenter 6 8.00 a.m. 3.00 p.m.
4. Wire-man 3 9.00 a.m. 5.00 p.m.
5. Plumber 3 9.00 a.m. 5.00 p.m.
6. Roof tiler 4 8.00 a.m. 3.00 p.m.
7. Plasterer 4 8.00 a.m. 3.00 p.m.
8. Floor tiler 3 9.00 a.m. 5.00 p.m.
9. Crane operator 1 9.00 a.m. 5.00 p.m.
10. Driver 1 9.00 a.m. 5.00 p.m.
11. General worker 8 9.00 a.m. 5.00 p.m.
WORKING HOURS
ITEM PLANT/MACHINERY QUANTITY FROM TO
1. Concrete mixer 1 8.00 a.m. 3.00 p.m.
2. Crane 1 9.00 a.m 5.00 p.m.
3. Lorry 1 9.00 a.m. 5.00 p.m.
MATERIALS RECEIVED DRAWING RECEIVED VISITORS
Bath-tubs – 5 units En. Bakri Budi

3. Lavatory bowls – 25 units Mr. Y.M. Too & Mr. John
SITE ACTIVITIES LOCATION % DONE
Brickwork , window-frame & door-frame fitting Detached house 100%
Office block 100% WORK
Concealed wiring & plumbing. Detached house 100% COMPLETED
Office block 60%
Roof trussing. Detached house 100%
Office block 0%
Roof tiling & ceiling fixing. Detached house 40%
Office block 0%
Plastering, cement rendering & floor tiling. Detached house 40%
Office block 0%
ADJUSTMENTS
REMARKS
Generally, the work on the detached houses is going ahead satisfactorily in spite of the bad
weather which has been occurring lately in the afternoons. To overcome this problem, the / PROBLEMS
carpenters who were working on the roof trusses agreed to start work an hour earlier. Roof tillers
and plasterers were also co-operative and they will be finishing work on the houses in about 10 days’
time. The last phase of work will be commencing in the middle of next month.
However there is some delay on the other part of the site where the office block is being
built because the crane was out of order on 8 and 9 September. Without the crane, certain parts of WORK
the building such as the staircases which had to be delivered in one piece, could not be put in REMAINING
position.
Carpenters will be starting work on the roof trusses tomorrow. This will be followed b roof
tiling and fixing of the ceiling. Plasterers will only start work on this office block after completing
work on the houses.
En Bakri and Mr. Too, who visited the site this morning, were not pleased. Mr. Goh
admitted that the work at the site was delayed because of the strike that had happened two weeks ago
the current machinery break-down and the bad weather. He suggested that the workers worked
overtime so that the project would be completed on time, but it was rejected by En Bakri
CONCLUSION
Prepared by: Checked by: Confirmed by:
J. Mohan
…………………..……… ..…………………………….. ………………………………
CLERK OF WORKS RESIDENT ARCHITECT CONTRACTOR’S SITE AGENT
(MOHAN JEYANRATNAM) ( ) ( )
D. FIELD REPORT
JOM Communication Sdn. Bhd.
6162 Jalan Beserah 25250 Kuantan Pahang
(T) 09-5673168 (F) 09-5673169
To: John Lee (Head Engineer) Date: 18 October 2002
From: Vinood Danker (Asst. Engineer)
Subject: Field trip to TCT Engineering Sdn. Bhd.
Introduction
I was instructed to overhaul our present transmission system that uses copper cable. The present transmission often suffers
from interference and cross talk. I found that a better alternative would be using optical fiber in our system.
In order to know more about optical fibre system, I spent a day (11 October, 2002) at TCT Sdn. Bhd. talking to its Operation
Manager, Encik Hasrul Patman who explained the system to me.
Optical Fibre System

4. I was informed that optical fibre system has a much higher capacity than our existing transmission system. It can send and
receive a wider assortment of data frequencies at one time. In other words, it can handle all types of data – voice, pictures,
music and video – at the same time.
As for quality of transmission, optical fibres are not affected by electrical interference as much as conventional cables. This is
because optical fibres use light instead of electricity to send data.
I was also told that fibre optics transmit data faster than some technologies, yet the materials are lighter and less expensive
than wire cables. Moreover, wire cables take up more space, as more ducts or pipes are needed to carry the cables.
In addition to that, wire cables have to be protected from water and other corrosive substances as they are usually made of
copper. However, fiber optics technology was developed to eliminate this requirement.
Conclusions and recommendations
My trip was enlightening as I gained a lot of knowledge about the optical fiber system. I believe this system would increase our
competitive position in the telecommunications industry in view that Malaysia aims to convert its telecommunication network to
a fully digital operation in the near future.
I hope that our Senior Operation and Design engineers will take note of the advantages of this system compared to others. I
recommend that they visit TCT Sdn. Bhd. to have first-hand knowledge of the running of the system. I would be glad to
accompany them if my assistance is needed.