This document is about the formation of an organization called INA-SIVA in Jogjakarta, Indonesia in 2014. It references a website for the organization, as well as the first trial workshop from residents and a 2014 trial workshop.
Pain is a very complex condition and each person is affected differently. It has many physical and psychological components and individuals can experience fatigue, anxiety, mood changes and depression.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut dalam 3 kalimat atau kurang:
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penggunaan target controlled infusion (TCI) dengan propofol dan remifentanil untuk anestesi total intravena (TIVA). Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan di RSCM menunjukkan bahwa model Marsh lebih efisien dibanding model Schneider dan konsentrasi plasma serta effect site yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai kehilangan kesadaran pada pasien Asia lebih rendah
IN CONCLUSION:
CRPS is a chronic debilitating painful condition
There has been significant advances in our understanding of its Pathophysiology
Early diagnosis and management – is essential to help patients and reduce suffering
The Budapest Criteria should help while excluding others
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Management has been shown to be beneficial
With particular emphasis on Patient Education and Support
Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift in the early 1900s, which suggested that the continents were once joined together and have since drifted apart over millions of years. This helped explain similarities in fossils and rock formations across continents. Though initially lacking evidence, Wegener's theory is now widely accepted due to evidence like matching coastlines, fossil and rock matches between continents, and the fit of continents across oceans. The supercontinent Pangaea broke apart into Gondwana and Laurasia around 200 million years ago.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang budidaya sayuran organik secara hydroponik dalam pot atau polybag. Ia menjelaskan tentang tanaman bayam, kangkung, dan sawi sebagai komoditas sayuran yang dibudidayakan. Dokumen juga menjelaskan tahapan penanaman, perawatan, dan pemanenan ketiga tanaman tersebut agar dapat tumbuh dengan baik di dalam pot atau polybag.
Pain is a very complex condition and each person is affected differently. It has many physical and psychological components and individuals can experience fatigue, anxiety, mood changes and depression.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut dalam 3 kalimat atau kurang:
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penggunaan target controlled infusion (TCI) dengan propofol dan remifentanil untuk anestesi total intravena (TIVA). Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan di RSCM menunjukkan bahwa model Marsh lebih efisien dibanding model Schneider dan konsentrasi plasma serta effect site yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai kehilangan kesadaran pada pasien Asia lebih rendah
IN CONCLUSION:
CRPS is a chronic debilitating painful condition
There has been significant advances in our understanding of its Pathophysiology
Early diagnosis and management – is essential to help patients and reduce suffering
The Budapest Criteria should help while excluding others
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Management has been shown to be beneficial
With particular emphasis on Patient Education and Support
Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift in the early 1900s, which suggested that the continents were once joined together and have since drifted apart over millions of years. This helped explain similarities in fossils and rock formations across continents. Though initially lacking evidence, Wegener's theory is now widely accepted due to evidence like matching coastlines, fossil and rock matches between continents, and the fit of continents across oceans. The supercontinent Pangaea broke apart into Gondwana and Laurasia around 200 million years ago.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang budidaya sayuran organik secara hydroponik dalam pot atau polybag. Ia menjelaskan tentang tanaman bayam, kangkung, dan sawi sebagai komoditas sayuran yang dibudidayakan. Dokumen juga menjelaskan tahapan penanaman, perawatan, dan pemanenan ketiga tanaman tersebut agar dapat tumbuh dengan baik di dalam pot atau polybag.
Cerita rakyat Jaka Tarub menceritakan kisah Jaka Tarub yang kehilangan ibunya. Ia kemudian bertemu Nawang Wulan, seorang bidadari yang terpisah dari saudara-saudaranya. Mereka jatuh cinta dan menikah meskipun ada yang iri dengan hubungan mereka.
1) In the 1960s, Harry Hess proposed the theory of seafloor spreading to explain continental drift, suggesting that new crust is formed at oceanic ridges and pushes plates apart.
2) As a Navy submarine commander, Hess used sonar to map features on the ocean floor, discovering evidence of seafloor spreading and helping develop his theory.
3) Plate tectonics divided the Earth's outer layer into major and minor tectonic plates that move at boundaries due to convection in the mantle, gravity, and the planet's rotation.
Dr. Tinni T. Maskoen is the Head of Intensive Care at Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung and Chair of the Intensive Care Education Program at Padjadjaran University Medical School. She discusses the importance of effective pain relief after surgery and outlines the World Health Organization analgesic ladder for treating surgical pain. She advocates for a multimodal approach using combinations of paracetamol, NSAIDs, opioids, and other adjuvants to provide enhanced pain relief with reduced side effects.
Kombinasi parecoxib 40 mg IV dengan epidural bupivakain 0,125% sebagai multimodal analgesia menurunkan kadar sitokin pro-inflamasi IL-6, meningkatkan kadar sitokin anti-inflamasi IL-10, dan menurunkan rasio IL-6:IL-10 serum pada 2 jam paskabedah
Kombinasi parecoxib 40 mg IV dengan epidural bupivakain 0,125% sebagai multimodal analgesia dapat menekan dan menstabilkan kadar sitokin pro-inflamasi IL-6, sitokin anti-inflamasi IL-10, dan rasio IL-6:IL-10 serum dalam 24 jam paskabedah .
Kombinasi parecoxib 40mg IV dengan epidural bupivakain 0,125% sebagai multimodal analgesia dapat menurunkan NRS paskabedah.
Teknik multimodal analgesia kombinasi COX-2 selektif inhibitor dan epidural analgesia dapat memberikan penanganan nyeri yang lebih baik dan dapat menekan proses inflamasi sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya sensitisasi perifer maupun sentral.
Summary:
Epidural Analgesia is effective in the management of perioperative pain --> neural transmission process can be inhibited by epidural analgesia
Epidural Analgesia decreases risk of Venous thromboembolisms, Pulmonary, complications, Arrhythmias, Postoperative ileus, Transfusion requirements, Pain, Stress/immune response
Epidural analgesia can not inhibit the surgical stress response perfectly, because this technique we can not block the circulation pathway / humoral pathway.
Surgical stress response affect the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastroinstestinal system, immune system, and metabolic function.
Opioid --> are important drugs used in the pain management.
Employ appropriate pharmacological choice by knowing the pharmacology of the drugs --> both pharmaco dynamic and pharmaco kinetics.
Provide optimal effect and minimize side effects
Sekecil apapun operasi di dalam otak, tetap dapat membahayakan
Keselamatan tindakan anestesi untuk bedah saraf tergantung neuroanestesiologisnya
Tim Khusus: Dengan dedikasi ada kualitas, dengan komitmen ada keunggulan dan dengan jumlah ada pengalaman
Effective pain management in terminally ill requires
Understanding of pain control strategies
Ongoing assessment
Diagnosis of pain
Breakthrough pain relief
Fine adjustment of medications
Opioid rotation
Unresolved psychosocial or spiritual issue can be great impact to pain management
This document contains lyrics from several songs by the Indonesian band Superman Is Dead. The lyrics describe themes of love, rebellion, struggle, and social commentary. They are written in Indonesian and address topics like partying, relationships, addiction, and criticizing consumerism. The summaries focus on the overall tone and themes rather than attempting to describe each individual song.
HISTORY OF 3-STEP LADDER WHO
1980 – WHO establishes Cancer Control Programme
Cancer prevention
Early diagnosis with curative treatment
Pain relief and palliative care
1986 – ” Cancer Pain Relief “ published by WHO
Step Ladder WHO
Updated on 1996
Worldwide acceptance protocol
Today, worldwide consensus favouring its used for management of all pain associated with serious illness
INADEQUATE PAIN TREATMENT STILL A FACT IN INDONESIA HEALTH SERVICES
PAIN AS A COMPLEX PROBLEM NEED MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH FOR BETTER RESULT BASED INDIVIDUALLY PATIENT NEEDED
THERE IS A BIG ROLE OF PHYSICIAN AND HOSPITAL FOR BETTER PAIN MANAGEMENT
CHANGE PARADIGM TO MULTIDISCIPLINARY PAIN TREATMENT IS AN OBLIGATE FOR ALL PHYSICIAN
Pain is a common yet complex biopsychosocial phenomenon that affects every aspect of a patient’s life
Optimal management often requires good assessment, formulation of the problem in the patient, and combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological (psychological and social) interventions
This document discusses palliative care, including its definition, aims, models, barriers to development, and challenges in Indonesia. Some key points include:
- Palliative care aims to relieve suffering and improve quality of life for patients with life-limiting illnesses through pain and symptom management as well as psychological, social, and spiritual support.
- Barriers to palliative care development include lack of funding, opioid availability issues, public and government awareness, and education/training programs.
- Palliative care in Indonesia is developing but still faces challenges related to policy, education, attitudes, and social conditions. It is primarily available in major cities near cancer treatment centers.
- Effective palliative care requires an inter
Pain is the production (out put ) of the brain.
Pain is invisible disease, we can’t see it like other disease, such as struma, fracture or blind.
What you have to do is to believe what ever the patient says.
Pain is what ever the patient says it is
Pain is invisible diseases, but is real for patient.
NUTRITIONAL THERAPY IN CRITICAL ILL PATIENTS
However, significant barriers can impede the enteral administration of nutrients, including gastroduodenal dysfunction reflected by high gastric residual volumes, and diarrhoea and constipation.
Possible solutions are suggested. In case of contraindication or failure of enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition is indicated -----as a replacement or a supplement to failing enteral feeding.
The perfect timing of supplemental parenteral nutrition (early or late) remains uncertain, and parenteral nutrition should be carefully monitored
Solution of inadequate postoperative pain relief lies in developing Acute Pain Service.
APS has been shown to reduced morbidity and
mortality, increased out put and out come of
postoperative pain patients
Increased stisfaction of the patients
Shorten LOS in ICU and Hopital low cost
Nyeri adalah penggabungan perasaan sensorik dan emosional yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor.
Nyeri memiliki dua dimensi yg jelas, dimensi inderawi dan emosional
Peran dimensi emosional lebih dominan dibanding inderawi utamanya pada nyeri kronik.
History taking
Adequate time
Listen carefully
Empathetic
Trust building
Do not intervere
Pschosocioeconomic & spiritual codition
- quantity: VAS
- quality: nociceptive
- mode of onset and location
- duration & chronicity
- provocating & relieving factors
- special character
- timing of pain
- relation with posture
- associated complaints
1. The document discusses different types of pain including acute pain, neuropathic pain, and chronic pain.
2. It defines acute pain as a normal physiological response to tissue damage, such as from surgery, trauma, or acute illness. Chronic pain persists beyond normal tissue healing time.
3. Neuropathic pain is initiated or caused by primary lesions or dysfunction in the nervous system and can involve both peripheral and central nervous system pathways.
Cerita rakyat Jaka Tarub menceritakan kisah Jaka Tarub yang kehilangan ibunya. Ia kemudian bertemu Nawang Wulan, seorang bidadari yang terpisah dari saudara-saudaranya. Mereka jatuh cinta dan menikah meskipun ada yang iri dengan hubungan mereka.
1) In the 1960s, Harry Hess proposed the theory of seafloor spreading to explain continental drift, suggesting that new crust is formed at oceanic ridges and pushes plates apart.
2) As a Navy submarine commander, Hess used sonar to map features on the ocean floor, discovering evidence of seafloor spreading and helping develop his theory.
3) Plate tectonics divided the Earth's outer layer into major and minor tectonic plates that move at boundaries due to convection in the mantle, gravity, and the planet's rotation.
Dr. Tinni T. Maskoen is the Head of Intensive Care at Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung and Chair of the Intensive Care Education Program at Padjadjaran University Medical School. She discusses the importance of effective pain relief after surgery and outlines the World Health Organization analgesic ladder for treating surgical pain. She advocates for a multimodal approach using combinations of paracetamol, NSAIDs, opioids, and other adjuvants to provide enhanced pain relief with reduced side effects.
Kombinasi parecoxib 40 mg IV dengan epidural bupivakain 0,125% sebagai multimodal analgesia menurunkan kadar sitokin pro-inflamasi IL-6, meningkatkan kadar sitokin anti-inflamasi IL-10, dan menurunkan rasio IL-6:IL-10 serum pada 2 jam paskabedah
Kombinasi parecoxib 40 mg IV dengan epidural bupivakain 0,125% sebagai multimodal analgesia dapat menekan dan menstabilkan kadar sitokin pro-inflamasi IL-6, sitokin anti-inflamasi IL-10, dan rasio IL-6:IL-10 serum dalam 24 jam paskabedah .
Kombinasi parecoxib 40mg IV dengan epidural bupivakain 0,125% sebagai multimodal analgesia dapat menurunkan NRS paskabedah.
Teknik multimodal analgesia kombinasi COX-2 selektif inhibitor dan epidural analgesia dapat memberikan penanganan nyeri yang lebih baik dan dapat menekan proses inflamasi sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya sensitisasi perifer maupun sentral.
Summary:
Epidural Analgesia is effective in the management of perioperative pain --> neural transmission process can be inhibited by epidural analgesia
Epidural Analgesia decreases risk of Venous thromboembolisms, Pulmonary, complications, Arrhythmias, Postoperative ileus, Transfusion requirements, Pain, Stress/immune response
Epidural analgesia can not inhibit the surgical stress response perfectly, because this technique we can not block the circulation pathway / humoral pathway.
Surgical stress response affect the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastroinstestinal system, immune system, and metabolic function.
Opioid --> are important drugs used in the pain management.
Employ appropriate pharmacological choice by knowing the pharmacology of the drugs --> both pharmaco dynamic and pharmaco kinetics.
Provide optimal effect and minimize side effects
Sekecil apapun operasi di dalam otak, tetap dapat membahayakan
Keselamatan tindakan anestesi untuk bedah saraf tergantung neuroanestesiologisnya
Tim Khusus: Dengan dedikasi ada kualitas, dengan komitmen ada keunggulan dan dengan jumlah ada pengalaman
Effective pain management in terminally ill requires
Understanding of pain control strategies
Ongoing assessment
Diagnosis of pain
Breakthrough pain relief
Fine adjustment of medications
Opioid rotation
Unresolved psychosocial or spiritual issue can be great impact to pain management
This document contains lyrics from several songs by the Indonesian band Superman Is Dead. The lyrics describe themes of love, rebellion, struggle, and social commentary. They are written in Indonesian and address topics like partying, relationships, addiction, and criticizing consumerism. The summaries focus on the overall tone and themes rather than attempting to describe each individual song.
HISTORY OF 3-STEP LADDER WHO
1980 – WHO establishes Cancer Control Programme
Cancer prevention
Early diagnosis with curative treatment
Pain relief and palliative care
1986 – ” Cancer Pain Relief “ published by WHO
Step Ladder WHO
Updated on 1996
Worldwide acceptance protocol
Today, worldwide consensus favouring its used for management of all pain associated with serious illness
INADEQUATE PAIN TREATMENT STILL A FACT IN INDONESIA HEALTH SERVICES
PAIN AS A COMPLEX PROBLEM NEED MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH FOR BETTER RESULT BASED INDIVIDUALLY PATIENT NEEDED
THERE IS A BIG ROLE OF PHYSICIAN AND HOSPITAL FOR BETTER PAIN MANAGEMENT
CHANGE PARADIGM TO MULTIDISCIPLINARY PAIN TREATMENT IS AN OBLIGATE FOR ALL PHYSICIAN
Pain is a common yet complex biopsychosocial phenomenon that affects every aspect of a patient’s life
Optimal management often requires good assessment, formulation of the problem in the patient, and combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological (psychological and social) interventions
This document discusses palliative care, including its definition, aims, models, barriers to development, and challenges in Indonesia. Some key points include:
- Palliative care aims to relieve suffering and improve quality of life for patients with life-limiting illnesses through pain and symptom management as well as psychological, social, and spiritual support.
- Barriers to palliative care development include lack of funding, opioid availability issues, public and government awareness, and education/training programs.
- Palliative care in Indonesia is developing but still faces challenges related to policy, education, attitudes, and social conditions. It is primarily available in major cities near cancer treatment centers.
- Effective palliative care requires an inter
Pain is the production (out put ) of the brain.
Pain is invisible disease, we can’t see it like other disease, such as struma, fracture or blind.
What you have to do is to believe what ever the patient says.
Pain is what ever the patient says it is
Pain is invisible diseases, but is real for patient.
NUTRITIONAL THERAPY IN CRITICAL ILL PATIENTS
However, significant barriers can impede the enteral administration of nutrients, including gastroduodenal dysfunction reflected by high gastric residual volumes, and diarrhoea and constipation.
Possible solutions are suggested. In case of contraindication or failure of enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition is indicated -----as a replacement or a supplement to failing enteral feeding.
The perfect timing of supplemental parenteral nutrition (early or late) remains uncertain, and parenteral nutrition should be carefully monitored
Solution of inadequate postoperative pain relief lies in developing Acute Pain Service.
APS has been shown to reduced morbidity and
mortality, increased out put and out come of
postoperative pain patients
Increased stisfaction of the patients
Shorten LOS in ICU and Hopital low cost
Nyeri adalah penggabungan perasaan sensorik dan emosional yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor.
Nyeri memiliki dua dimensi yg jelas, dimensi inderawi dan emosional
Peran dimensi emosional lebih dominan dibanding inderawi utamanya pada nyeri kronik.
History taking
Adequate time
Listen carefully
Empathetic
Trust building
Do not intervere
Pschosocioeconomic & spiritual codition
- quantity: VAS
- quality: nociceptive
- mode of onset and location
- duration & chronicity
- provocating & relieving factors
- special character
- timing of pain
- relation with posture
- associated complaints
1. The document discusses different types of pain including acute pain, neuropathic pain, and chronic pain.
2. It defines acute pain as a normal physiological response to tissue damage, such as from surgery, trauma, or acute illness. Chronic pain persists beyond normal tissue healing time.
3. Neuropathic pain is initiated or caused by primary lesions or dysfunction in the nervous system and can involve both peripheral and central nervous system pathways.
Clossing
By 3 step ladder WHO cancer pain management, 90 % of cancer pain can be relief.
Since cancer patients cannot be cured, our main task is to let them die free of pain with Iman
Ideal pain clinic
Promoting multidisciplinary team approach
Coordinating all specialist effort
Measuring the outcome of treatment offered
Promoting palliative model rather than curative models of pain treatments
Identifying complications of IPM and promoting safe and base-evidence intervention
PiCCO tidak hanya memberikan informasi tentang curah jantung (CO) tapi bisa memberi pengukuran untuk menilai preload, kontraktilitas, afterload, dan air paru ekstravaskular (ELWI)
1. Dokumen membahas tentang kasus seorang wanita berusia 27 tahun dengan hipertensi paru sedang dan kehamilan 26-27 minggu yang dirawat di ICU karena sesak napas dan gagal napas.
2. Pasien menjalani terminasi kehamilan melalui sesar caesar dan dilakukan ventilasi mekanik. Kondisi pasien membaik dan dapat dilepas dari ventilator.
3. Pasien kemudian dipantau dan dirawat hingga kondisinya stabil dan dapat pul
Role of the thalamus in propofol-induced unconsciousness relates primarily to the functional connections of nonspecific nuclei to the cortex (i.e., mediating multimodal integration of information)
The Anesthetized Brain is less Vulnerable to ischemic injury than the awake brain.
EEG changes suggestive of severe ischemia are present.
Basic Methode Brain Protection are “ Corner Stone “
CPP, CBF, CBV maintained in “Normal Range”, MAP may increased up to 10 – 20 %.
Anesthetics Drugs may have Brain Protectection effect.
Volatile anesthetics do provide some Transient Protection (< 1,5 MAC)
Barbiturates, although long considered to be the gold standard.
Hypothermic methode are controversial, Hyperthermia should be avoided.
Insulin is Administered if glucose values exceed 180 mg/dl.
Close monitoring of BSL to ensure that Hypoglycemia does not develop
Anesthesiologists should concern about the risk of POCD by making prevention and attentive to the potential risk factors.
It should be remembered that research in animal models which represent the specific characteristics of POCD in human remains unclear.
With many factors still unknown, there is still a chance for sinchronized preclinical and clinical research on POCD.
a better understanding of sleep and coma may lead to new approaches to general anesthesia based on new ways to alter consciousness,29,97,98 provide analgesia,99,100 induce amnesia, and provide muscle relaxation.66
More from Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University (20)
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.