In 2014, there was an Ebola outbreak in West Africa – Liberia, Sierr.pdf
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In 2014, there was an Ebola outbreak in West Africa – Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea. Using the resource below from the World Health Organization, explore statistics relating to this outbreak and create a summary table of current, confirmed cases per country and current confirmed deaths per country. Next, assume the role of a public health manager and list lessons learned and at least three salient decision-making strategies that you would use to improve response strategies. Solution The current data statistics provided by WHO on Ebola cases are as follows 5 As a public health manager, the decision-making strategies that I would use to improve the response startegies: 1. Preventive measures will be made more stringent to prevent the spread of the virus. 2. The patient will be kept in isolated area, where only doctors will be allowed to go with all the covering. 3. Appropriate technical assistance will be provided to the doctors to treat the patients as soon as possible.LiberiaSierra LeoneGuineaConfirmed cases1227Confirmed death41 5.
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Looking ahead strategy and planning for post-ebola in west africa
Looking ahead strategy and planning for post-ebola in west africaTwenty-First Century African Youth Movement, Inc.
“Rachel Glennerster is Executive Director of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL). HerRachel - Credit Blu Nordgren research includes randomized evaluations of community-driven development, the adoption of new agricultural technologies, and improving the accountability of politicians in Sierra Leone; empowerment of adolescent girls in Bangladesh; and health, governance, education, and microfinance programs in India. She serves as Scientific Director for J-PAL Africa, Co-Chair of J-PAL’s Agriculture Program and is a board member of the Agricultural Technology Adoption Initiative (ATAI). She is the lead academic for Sierra Leone for the International Growth Center. Between 2007 and 2010 she served on the UK Department for International Development’s (DFID) Independent Advisory Committee on Development Impact.
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West Africa Ebola Outbreak 1
West Africa Ebola Outbreak
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12 Jun 2016
Introduction
Around two years ago, there was worldwide uproar concerning Ebola. The outbreak had occurred in West Africa with individuals nations’ health departments stretched to the limit while trying to cope with the situation. Well wishing nations had to volunteer in terms of health practitioners and funds among other ways in order to assist the nations. Ebola is an infectious disease that is deadly discovered in Zaire in 1976. It is caused by Ebola virus which can be spread via contact with an infected person. Its spread it’s fast since contact with an infected person’s blood or body fluids. This paper will cover an overview of outbreak in 2014 in West Africa, observations, recommendations and conclusion.
Overview, Investigative methodology and rationale for the topic
The first outbreak of the epidemic was discovered in early 2014. It was reported in countries of West Africa namely: Sierra Lone, Guinea and Liberia. The three countries were the huge victims of the epidemic. Most of the victims of the outbreak died with a few survivors (CDC, 2016 n.d. - a). The reported symptoms among the victims were fatigue, fever, severe headaches, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and unexplained bleeding (CDC, 2016 n.d.-b). The symptoms are discovered roughly between 2 -21 days after infection. The methodology employed in order to determine the magnitude the outbreak encompassed different aspects. There was laboratory tests, study design and patients, data analysis and ethical considerations played a vital role. Study was carried out around the suspected victims. Lab tests were done via use of victim’s blood or oral swap. Ethical considerations were employed to determine the response of public health to the outbreak and contain it. Data analysis was vital in order to relate each case to a certain geographical location. Data from center for disease, World health Organization, European center for Disease prevention and control, National Institute of health will play a critical role in this paper since it will back up the facts presented. The rationale behind choosing the topic is to assist in comprehending the methods employed by epidemiologists in order to understand diseases in populations determine what disease is affecting the population and finally employ measures to treat as well as prevent its future occurrence.
Ebola in West Africa
Outbreaks in Africa have been reported as early as 2007. The ailment was previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever which is capable of affecting both humans and primates. It has a couple of species which include the Sudan virus, Reston virus, Bundibugyo virus, Tae Forest virus and Ebola virus. Reston is common in the monkey species. Few cases have been reported regarding the outbreak since it was discovered ranging from around 1-400 annually. For instance, in Gulu villag.
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Overview, Investigative methodology and rationale for the topic
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Ebola in West Africa
Outbreaks in Africa have been reported as early as 2007. The ailment was previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever which is capable of affecting both humans and primates. It has a couple of species which include the Sudan virus, Reston virus, Bundibugyo virus, Tae Forest virus and Ebola virus. Reston is common in the monkey species. Few cases have been reported regarding the outbreak since it was discovered ranging from around 1-400 annually. For instance, in Gulu villag.
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Sierra Leone and Liberia, two of the most hit countries, recently came out of more than a decade of gruesome civil wars. Their institutions are still fragile and the deprivation from the Ebola crisis could trigger ever bigger problems.
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Twenty-First Century African Youth Movement, (AYM) empowers and mobilizes Africa’s youth through employment. The AYM is dedicated to developing new and exciting enterprise opportunities for young people in Sierra Leone, to help provide young people with the confidence, power and skills they need to get themselves into employment and out of poverty.
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For more information, visit:
http://www.aym-inc.org/ebola-looking-ahead/.
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that changing every condition of the independent variable results in a significant change in the
dependent variable. (a) Is she correct? Why or why not? (b) What must she now do?
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Explain how water interacts with the following types of compounds to.pdf
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solubility.
1.Compounds that can hydrogen bond
2. Compounds that are polar but cannot hydrogen bond
3. Compounds that are non-polar
4. Compounds that dissociate into cations and anions.
Thank you so much.
Solution
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electrons and only one of the hydrogens, becoming a negatively charged ion known as
hydroxide. Pure water has the same number (or concentration) of H+ as OH- ions. Acidic
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increase in the numbers of H+ ions and a base causes an increase in the numbers of OH- ions.
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other liquid, is considered the universal solvent. A polar molecule with partially-positive and
negative charges, it readily dissolves ions and polar molecules. Water is therefore referred to as a
solvent: a substance capable of dissolving other polar molecules and ionic compounds.
The charges associated with these molecules form hydrogen bonds with water, surrounding the
particle with water molecules. This is referred to as a sphere of hydration, or a hydration shell,
and serves to keep the particles separated or dispersed in the water.
Compounds that dissociate into cations and anions.-When ionic compounds are added to water,
individual ions interact with the polar regions of the water molecules during the dissociation
process, disrupting their ionic bonds. Dissociation occurs when atoms or groups of atoms break
off from molecules and form ions. Consider table salt (NaCl, or sodium chloride): when NaCl
crystals are added to water, the molecules of NaCl dissociate into Na+ and Cl– ions, and spheres
of hydration form around the ions. The positively-charged sodium ion is surrounded by the
partially-negative charge of the water molecule\'s oxygen; the negatively-charged chloride ion is
surrounded by the partially-positive charge of the hydrogen in the water molecule.
Compounds that are polar and non-polar-
-Since many biomolecules are either polar or charged, water readily dissolves these hydrophilic
compounds. Water is a poor solvent, however, for hydrophobic molecules such as lipids.
Nonpolar molecules experience hydrophobic interactions in water: the water changes its
hydrogen bonding patterns around the hydrophobic molecules to produce a cage-like structure
called a clathrate. This change in the hydrogen-bonding pattern of the water solvent causes the
system\'s overall entropy to greatly decrease, as the molecules become more ordered than in
liquid water. Thermodynamically, such a large decrease in entropy is not spontaneous, and the
hydrophobic molecule will not dissolve.
-Polar substances tend to dissolve well in other polar substances, but not nonpolar substances,
whil.
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*****************************************************************************
******************
*****************************************************************************
******************
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#include
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template
void LinkedList::addLast(T element)
{
if (tail == NULL)
{
head = tail = new Node(element);
}
else {
tail->next = new Node(element);
tail = tail->next;
}
size++;
}
template
void LinkedList::addAtIndex(int index, T element)
{
if (index == 0)
addFirst(element);
else if (index >= size)
addLast(element);
else
{
Node *current = head;
for (int i = 1; i < index; i++)
current = current->next;
Node *temp = current->next;
current->next = new Node(element);
(current->next)->next = temp;
size++;
}
}
template
T LinkedList::removeFirst()
{
if (size == 0)
exit(1);
else
{
Node *temp = head;
head = head->next;
size--;
T element = temp->element;
delete temp;
return element;
}
}
template
T LinkedList::removeLast()
{
if (size == 0)
exit(1);
else if (size == 1)
{
Node *temp = head;
head = tail = NULL;
size = 0;
T element = temp->element;
delete temp;
return element;
}
else
{
Node *current = head;
for (int i = 0; i < size - 2; i++)
current = current->next;
Node *temp = tail;
tail = current;
tail->next = NULL;
size--;
T element = temp->element;
delete temp;
return element;
}
}
template
T LinkedList::removeAtIndex(int index)
{
if (index < 0 || index >= size)
exit(1);
else if (index == 0)
return removeFirst();
else if (index == size - 1)
return removeLast();
else {
Node *previous = head;
for (int i = 1; i < index; i++)
{
previous = previous->next;
}
Node *current = previous-.
DNA Paternity Testing Simulation Post-lab QuestionsA)Why do differ.pdf
DNA Paternity Testing Simulation Post-lab Questions
A)Why do different individuals such as siblings have different restriction enzyme recognition
sites?
B) What is the function of probes in DNA praternity analysis?
C) Why is there more than one single locus probe used in an actual paternity DNA test?
D)Why do we not use probes in this DNA paternity simulation and still obtain results?
Solution
A)Why do different individuals such as siblings have different restriction enzyme recognition
sites?
The different individuals such as siblings have different restriction enzyme recognition because
the size of the gene fragments are mainly relies upon the “distance between the recognition
sites”. This is due to polymorphism i.e. single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with intervening
repetitive base sequences in siblings. The paternal parents are goiung to inherit genetic
variability into the sibling due to gametes reduction division & crossing over
B) What is the function of probes in DNA praternity analysis?
The functions of DNA probes are meticulously to identify “length differences between these
intervening repetitive gene sequences via isotopic & non-isotopic labeling by the use of “single
stranded DNA finally these DNA probes are going to complement and hybridize (attach) to
single stranded DNA due to SNP during paternity analysis.
C) Why is there more than one single locus probe used in an actual paternity DNA test?
More than single locus DNA probe or Multiple- Locus probes are used to identify “multiple
intervening repetitive DNA sequences” located on many chromosomes result in generation of 20
to 30 bands so that is possible to avoid chances of same pattern due to the multi-band patterns,.
Describe how the lung cancer travels to the first site of metastasis.pdf
Describe how the lung cancer travels to the first site of metastasis.
•Given your primary tumor site, how did lung cancer cells of the primary tumor spread to the
initial secondary site?
How does lung cancer cell get access to the body during metastasis?
What pathway did your cancer cells’ take?
Solution
answer:
metastasis:
delopment of secondry malignant growth at a distance from primary site of cancer
lung cancer tumor travel process:
primary tumor willl be prolification of the clone and invesion of vessel through the metastasis
clone evolves and its transport by circulation then its leads to the embolisam finally new tumor
formation at the site of metestasis.
Define the following engineering terms1. engineering ethics2. W.pdf
Define the following engineering terms:
1. engineering ethics
2. Whistleblowing
3. Responsibility of engineers
4. recent developments
5.general principles
6 obligation of society
7. conduct
8. case studies and key individuals
Solution
1. Engineering Ethics - Engineering Ethics is the study of moral issues and decisions confronting
individuals and organizations engaged in engineering.The field examines and sets the
obligations by engineers to society, to their clients, and to the profession.
2. Whistleblowing - The duty of an engineer to report to the concerned authority about a possible
risk to others when a client or employer fails to follow the engineer\'s directions.
3. Responsibility of engineers - The responsibility of an engineer to commit to serving society,
attending to the welfare and progress of the majority. The engineer should reject any project that
is intended to harm the general interest, thus avoiding a situation that might be hazardous or
threatening to the environment, life, health, or other rights of human beings.
4. recent developments - Recent efforts to uphold engineering ethics include addressing of
bribery and political corruption by several professional societies and business groups around the
world while getting ready to face challenges like offshoring, sustainable development, and
environmental protection.
5. general principles - General guidelines set by various engineering professional societies which
tend to include
6. obligation of society - The paramount value recognized by engineers is the safety and welfare
of the public. All the major engineering societies around the world. These societies include
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Institution of Civil Engineers, American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, Institute of Industrial Engineers etc.
7. conduct - Several ethical issues faced by the engineers include considerations of business
conduct. The issues faced are relationships with clients, ensuring legal compliance by clients,
treatment of confidential or proprietary information, conflict of interest etc.
8. case studies and key individuals - The study of engineering failures in the last century
indicates that not all engineering failures involve ethical issues. Many failures involve the failure
of the design process or management culture. The following mentioned failures include ethical as
well as technical issues..
Data structuresUsing java language and develop a prot.pdf
Data structures:
****Using java language and develop a prototype for a demo program that reads in strings that
look like:
Using the infix to postfix code below:
A = 3; // your code should store A and 3 as a key-value pair
B = 4; // your code should store B and 4 as a key-value pair
A; // your code should now look-up A and then display its value
later we (you) will add the ability to write
Y = A * B + 3;
Y; // your code should show 16
Using this code
// infix.java
// converts infix arithmetic expressions to postfix
// to run this program: C>java InfixApp
import java.io.*; // for I/O
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class StackX {
private int maxSize;
private char[] stackArray;
private int top;
// --------------------------------------------------------------
public StackX(int s) // constructor
{
maxSize = s;
stackArray = new char[maxSize];
top = -1;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------
public void push(char j) // put item on top of stack
{
stackArray[++top] = j;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------
public char pop() // take item from top of stack
{
return stackArray[top--];
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------
public char peek() // peek at top of stack
{
return stackArray[top];
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------
public boolean isEmpty() // true if stack is empty
{
return (top == -1);
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------
public int size() // return size
{
return top + 1;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------
public char peekN(int n) // return item at index n
{
return stackArray[n];
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------
public void displayStack(String s) {
System.out.print(s);
System.out.print(\"Stack (bottom-->top): \");
for (int j = 0; j < size(); j++) {
System.out.print(peekN(j));
System.out.print(\' \');
}
System.out.println(\" \");
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------
} // end class StackX
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class InToPost // infix to postfix conversion
{
private StackX theStack;
private String input;
private String output = \"\";
// --------------------------------------------------------------
public InToPost(String in) // constructor
{
input = in;
int stackSize = input.length();
theStack = new StackX(stackSize);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------
public String doTrans() // do translation to postfix
{
for (int j = 0; j < input.length(); j++) {
char ch = input.charAt(j);
theStack.displayStack(\"For \" + ch + \" \"); // *diagnostic*
switch (ch) {
case \'+\': // it’s + or -
case \'-\':
gotOper(ch, 1); // go pop operators
break; // (precedence 1)
case \'*\': // it’s * or /
case \'/\':
gotOper(ch, 2); // go pop operators
break; // (precedence 2)
case \'(\': // it’s a left paren
theStack.push(.
You have been cut! While you wage war in the streets of Gotham for y.pdf
You have been cut! While you wage war in the streets of Gotham for your life, your cells wage
war against incoming invaders. Place the following statement concerning the fates of unwanted
invaders/immigrants in your body in order:
1.The invader is cut apart while alive and digested in the harsh environment of your new super-
max detention/recycling center. Die invader, Die!
2.Contact with one of your cells triggers phagocytosis and a signal trough transmembrane
proteins triggers the cytoskeleton.
3.The vesicle containing the bacterium is pinched off.
4.A bacterium that has stormed the outter walls of your body (the skin through the cut) is
recognized and tagged as foreign.
5.Other vesicles containing hydrolases, enzmes that depolymerize proteins, carbohydrates, lipids,
and nucleic acids, as well as other proteins that act to increase the pH of the larger vesicle that
contains the invader arrive on the cell\'s microtubule transportation system and fuse.
6.Kinesin walks its vesicle down the microtubule highways into the cytoplasm.
7.Actin polymerizes to form rods that push out the membrane to form fingers or pseudopods that
begin to envelop the bacterium.
8.The vesicle containing the bacterium is moved by kinesin.
Solution
4A bacterium that has stormed the outter walls of your body (the skin through the cut) is
recognized and tagged as foreign.
2Contact with one of your cells triggers phagocytosis and a signal trough transmembrane
proteins triggers the cytoskeleton.
7Actin polymerizes to form rods that push out the membrane to form fingers or pseudopods that
begin to envelop the bacterium.
3 The vesicle containing the bacterium is pinched off.
8 The vesicle containing the bacterium is moved by kinesin
6 Kinesin walks its vesicle down the microtubule highways into the cytoplasm
5 .Other vesicles containing hydrolases, enzmes that depolymerize proteins, carbohydrates,
lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as other proteins that act to increase the pH of the larger vesicle
that contains the invader arrive on the cell\'s microtubule transportation system and fuse
1 The invader is cut apart while alive and digested in the harsh environment of your new super-
max detention/recycling center..
Why has Mexico encountered such a significant collapse from an econom.pdf
Why has Mexico encountered such a significant collapse from an economic perspective?
Solution
From an economic perspective Mexico had a significant collapse due to two major factors:
1. The first one was a collapse in export demand
2. The second one being the susequent constraints that it had in accessing the International
Financial markets.
Due to the above factors Mexico started feeling a significant negative effect. As the negative
effects increased, the country\'s fiscal position weakened. This was mainly due to the fall in oil
revenues. Additionally, a drop in international energy prices brought about by the global
recession along with a sharp decline in domestic oil production attributed to the crisis.
A downward rigidity in public expenditure was observed which along with the above mentioned
factors raised concerns about the sustainability of fiscal policy.All these factors played a major
spoilsport and generated doubts about the country’s capacity to finance the growth in the current
account deficit for 2009.
The Mexican economy was forced to adjust to a new external environment that was characterised
by lower foreign currency revenues with a limited access to external borrowing..
Which of the following isare true of BOTH natural selection and gen.pdf
Which of the following is/are true of BOTH natural selection and genetic drift?
I. Promotes traits that increase survival or reproduction
II. Depends on genetic mutations as the source of variation
III. Can lead to evolutionary change
Question 5 options:
I and III
I only
I, II, and III
II and III
I and II
I and III
I only
I, II, and III
II and III
I and II
Solution
answer will be I,II and III, because in a population genetic drift and natural selection always play
a role together..
Which of the following information-management systems uses artificia.pdf
Which of the following information-management systems uses artificial intelligence?
A. Polyinstantiation
B. Known signature scanning
C. Application programming interface
D. Knowledge discovery in databases
Solution
D. Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) is an artificial intelligence method used to identify
useful patterns in data; as such, it provides a type of automatic analysis. Answer A is incorrect
because polyinstantiation is a technique used to prevent inference violations. Answer B is
incorrect because known signature scanning is a method used to detect computer viruses. Answer
C is incorrect because the application programming interface (API) is in no way associated with
artificial intelligence..
What steps and tools are used for Pen TestingSolutionSteps fo.pdf
What steps and tools are used for Pen Testing?
Solution
Steps for Pen Testing:
1:Attack Surface analysis
2:Threat Modelling
3:Test Configuration
4:automatic and manual scans
5:validation of vulnerabilities
6:false positive elimination
7:proof of concept
8:Check for the service/version running on the particular port.
9:Search the vulnerability in the service/version.
10:Exploit the target using tools.
Tools used for Pen Testing
1:Metasploit
2:Wireshark
3:W3af
4:core Impact
5:Back track.
which event in this life cycle is comparable to fertilizarion .pdf
which event in this life cycle is comparable to fertilizarion? 9. Distinguish among the various
groups of fungi as outlined in the table below: Asexual Spores Fruiting Body Structure
(microscopic) Giving sexual stage) Rise to Sexually Produced Spore (large; asexually produced
spores from sporangium. Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota
Solution
Structure Fruiting body Asexual spores Zygomycetes Chitin,chitosan,polyglucornic acid No
fleshy fruiting body reproduce by conjugation, sporangiospores, conidia Ascomycetes
Chitin,both alpha and beta Glucans,glactomannoproteins ascus asexually produced spores from
sporangium, ascospores, conidia Basisiomycetes Chitin,beta Glucans basidia contain basidium,
the spore forming bodies, basidiospores,conidia.
what is the value of nursing educationSolutionThe main value o.pdf
what is the value of nursing education
Solution
The main value of nursing education is to deliver efficient ethical based health care to the
patients suffering from various devastating disease finally to implement clinical protocol &
clinical trials on the patients’ with moral & ethical aspects to collect epidemiological clinical
data.
As a clinical nurse leader is to obtain a better clinical outcome is main value of \"nursing
education\" by respecting patent’s autonomy. The main characteristics are to develop a strategic
plan to implement a “do” and “step “policy to active organizational goals, allocation of resources
as a clinical nurse leader. The other aspects of nursing education is to implement the treatment
protocols, epidemiological studies of disease, and disorders within time- frame using
interdisciplinary teams and according ethical based informatics. The responsibilities are allocated
to each RN, LPN to obtain an efficient health out come from patient and within the community.
Nursing education is crucial to inform the fellow nurses about the current organizational
philosophy of nursing in clinical services. Finally, collecting the patient data and monitoring,
analysis & evaluation is essential using nursing informatics to develop future prospects to
prevent diseases.
Nursing education has specific impact on the role of health care workers and clinicians to
maintain efficient patient’s electronic health care records using information technology tools. In
order to automate the aspects of acquisition of patient health information and management.
What is the exact output of the following code#include stdio.h.pdf
What is the exact output of the following code?
#include
#include
main()
{
int i,j;
i=fork();
for (j=0; j<3; j++)
{
if (i == 0 && j == 0)
{
sleep(3);
printf(\"Cats\ \");
}
else if (i == 0)
{
sleep(2);
printf(\"Dogs\ \");
}
else
{
sleep(2);
printf(\"Raining\ \");
}
}
}
Solution
Answer for the above code is as follows:
Status : runtime error
Output:
Raining
Raining
Raining.
Using a Fabry-Perot interferometer, we can Observe small objects. D.pdf
Using a Fabry-Perot interferometer, we can Observe small objects. Detect fine optical
spectrum lines. Examine optical quality of lens. Measure light speed in different media.
Solution
ANSWER is :
B) Detect fine optical spectrum lines
It consists of two highly reflective and strictly parallel plates called an etalon. Because of the
high reflectivity of the plates of the etalon, the successive multiple reflections of light waves
diminish very slowly in intensity and form very narrow, sharp fringes. These may be used to
reveal hyperfine structures in line spectra..
TRUE of falseA researcher found 95 confident interval for the aver.pdf
TRUE of false
A researcher found 95 confident interval for the average age of SMU students. It does mean that
there is a 95% chance that the population average lies in the inverval
Solution
95% confidence interval implies that we are 95% confident that for random samples of large size
the population average is more likely to fall in this interval..
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which event in this life cycle is comparable to fertilizarion .pdf
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