The document discusses a research proposal on assessing public awareness of the impacts of the Ebola outbreak. It provides background on Ebola, including its history and transmission. The largest Ebola outbreak started in West Africa in 2014. The purpose of the study is to evaluate Malaysian public knowledge of Ebola's effects. It will investigate the causes and impacts of Ebola and solutions to increase public awareness of the outbreak. The significance is to ensure Malaysians understand Ebola risks and precautions.

1. MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
JANUARY 2016 SEMESTER
WEB 20302 PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH 2
RESEARCH PROPOSAL:
THE IMPACT OF EBOLA OUTBREAK
CLASS: L02

3. 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Ebola, previously known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a rare and
deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species. The
Ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness which is often fatal if untreated.
Ebola virus disease (EVD) first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous
outbreaks, one in what is now, Nzara, South Sudan, and the other in
Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter occurred in a village near
the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name.
The current outbreak in West Africa, (first cases notified in March
2014), is the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus
was first discovered in 1976. There have been more cases and deaths in this
outbreak than all others combined. It has also spread between countries
starting in Guinea then spreading across land borders to Sierra Leone and
Liberia, by air (1 traveler) to Nigeria and USA (1 traveler), and by land to
Senegal (1 traveler) and Mali (2 travelers).
The most severely affected countries, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra
Leone, have very weak health systems, lack human and infrastructural
resources, and have only recently emerged from long periods of conflict and
instability. On August 8, the WHO Director-General declared the West Africa
outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern under the
International Health Regulations (2005).

4. 2
The virus family Filoviridae includes three genera: Cuevavirus,
Marburgvirus, and Ebola virus. There are five species that have been
identified: Zaire, Bundibugyo, Sudan, Reston and Taï Forest. The first three,
Bundibugyo Ebola virus, Zaire Ebola virus, and Sudan Ebola virus have been
associated with large outbreaks in Africa. The virus causing the 2014 West
African outbreak belongs to the Zaire species.
The Ebola virus can only be passed on by direct contact with bodily
fluids of an affected person or animal (such as urine, sweat or blood);
therefore simply raising awareness can stop an Ebola outbreak. This is why
raising community awareness about the disease among malaysians, so that
people understand how the virus is transmitted, recognize the symptoms of
those who are infected and are empowered to take action to prevent the
spread. We know that by raising awareness of the symptoms of Ebola, we
can both reduce the spread of this disease and better care for those suffering
from it.

5. 3
1.2 Statement of The Problem
Creating awareness for Malaysian citizens about the deadly
disease(Ebola)
The outbreak of Ebola began in December 2013 in the rural
Gueckedou district of Guinea. It was hoped that the virus could be
confined to Guinea, as even by April 2014, very few cases were
identified in the neighbouring countries of Liberia and Sierra Leone. In
addition, a drop in the number of confirmed cases in Guinea inspired
hope that the epidemic was beginning to subside. However, by May
2014, the number of reported cases increased sharply in the three
aforementioned countries, and by August 16th, the disease had spread
to so many countries with 2, 240 total cases and 1, 229 deaths in the
three countries.
1.3 Purpose of the study
Although the Ebola epidemic is receiving widespread news coverage and has
been declared as an international risk by the World Health Organisation
(WHO), the Ebola Virus awareness level among Malaysians is still very low.
In the response to this possible nation concern, a special research committee
was set up recently to investigate the issue further. The purpose of the study
described in this research report was to assess the current public knowledge
on the public awareness of the impacts of Ebola outbreak.

6. 4
1.4 Research Objectives
 To identify the causes of the E- bola outbreak.
 To investigate the effects of the E- bola outbreak.
 To create the awareness among the public of E- bola outbreak.
1.5 Research Questions
 What are the causes of the E- bola outbreak?
 What are the effects of the E- bola outbreak?
 What are the solutions to create awareness among the public of E-bola
outbreak?
1.6 Significance of the study
• Malaysian people will be fully aware of this deadly disease (Ebola),
By getting all Malaysians aware on the Impact of Ebola, every individual
will take precautions so as not to fall victims of the Ebola disease
• Malaysians will still be safe and secured even when the Ebola virus
becomes a big issue or worse.
By getting the Malaysian citizens educated about this deadly disease, they
can easy take precautions even when the disease becomes worse
amongst people in other region or country, because they are fully
educated on the causes of the disease and the precautions to be taken to
avoid the spread of the disease.

7. 5
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study focuses on the public awareness of the impacts of e bola outbreak
among Malaysian. The respondents, who were UNIKL students and staffs,
were randomly selected by our research team themselves. The number of
respondents to conducted this research is 30 peoples. The data collected via
questionnaires were distributed from 11 to 15 April this year by distributed
questionnaires paper among UNIKL students and staffs. Other that we also
interview an expert (doctors) to collected more data about our research.

8. 6
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Ebola is an infectious disease marked by fever and several internal bleeding,
spread through contact with infected body fluids, direct contact with a person
who sick with Ebola, or with object that have been contaminated with the
virus.
Health-care workers should always take standard precautions when caring for
patients, regardless of their presumed diagnosis. These include basic hand
hygiene, respiratory hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (to block
splashes or other contact with infected materials), safe injection practices and
safe burial practices.
Health-care workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed Ebola
virus should apply extra infection control measures to prevent contact with the
patient’s blood and body fluids and contaminated surfaces or materials such
as clothing and bedding. When in close contact (within 1 metre) of patients
with EBV, health-care workers should wear face protection (a face shield or a
medical mask and goggles), a clean, non-sterile long-sleeved gown, and
gloves (sterile gloves for some procedures).
Laboratory workers are also at risk. Samples taken from humans and animals
for investigation of Ebola infection should be handled by trained staff and
processed in suitably equipped laboratories.

9. 7
2.2 History of Ebola outbreak
Ebola virus disease (commonly known as "Ebola") was first described
in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks in South Sudan and Democratic
Republic of the Congo. The current outbreak is the first Ebola outbreak to
occur in the West African subcontinent, and is also the first Ebola outbreak to
reach epidemic proportions; past outbreaks were brought under control within
a few weeks. Extreme poverty, a dysfunctional healthcare system, a distrust
of government officials after years of armed conflict, and the delay in
responding to the outbreak for several months all contributed to the failure to
control the epidemic. Other factors included local burial customs of washing
the body after death and the unprecedented spread of Ebola to densely
populated cities.
As the outbreak spread, many hospitals, short on both staff and
supplies, became overwhelmed and closed, leading some health experts to
state that the inability to treat other medical needs may have been causing
"an additional death toll [that is] likely to exceed that of the outbreak
itself".Hospital workers, who worked closely with the highly contagious body
fluids of the diseased, were especially vulnerable to catching the disease. In
August 2014, the WHO reported that ten percent of the dead had been
healthcare workers.In September 2014, it was estimated that the countries'
capacity for treating Ebola patients was insufficient by the equivalent of 2,122
beds; by December there were a sufficient number of beds to treat and isolate

10. 8
all reported Ebola cases, although the uneven distribution of cases was
resulting in serious shortfalls in some areas. On 28 January 2015, the WHO
reported that for the first time since the week ending 29 June 2014, there had
been fewer than 100 new confirmed cases reported in a week in the three
most-affected countries. The response to the epidemic then moved to a
second phase, as the focus shifted from slowing transmission to ending the
epidemic.On 8 April 2015, the WHO reported a total of only 30 confirmed
cases,[39] and the weekly update for 29 July reported only seven new
cases.On 7 October 2015, all three of the most seriously affected countries
recorded their first joint week without any new cases,however, as of late 2015,
while the large-scale epidemic had ended, sporadic new cases were still
continuing to emerge, frustrating hopes that the epidemic could be declared
over.

11. 9
2.3 Research in the public awareness of the impacts of Ebola outbreak
This research conducted to survey about the impact of e –bola outbreak and
the public awareness about Ebola outbreak. This research conduct to create
awareness among our Malaysian people about Ebola outbreak even though
we are not affected by this disease.
Malaysia still safe from deadly Ebola outbreak
Experts at the Malaysian Medical Authority have stated that Malaysia is still
safe from the recent Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in Western Africa, which
has killed 729 people. Dr H. Krishna Kumar, President of the MMA, stated that
the fastest way for the disease to spread was through international flights.
“As there are no direct flights between Malaysia and the affected states, we
are indirectly safe.”
He added that Malaysian flights flew from several international hubs across
the world meaning that the risk is still present, while noting that flights from
developed nations with more stringent health facilities were likely to be
significantly safer than their counterparts in less developed countries.
(Articles from The Star)

12. 10
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This section discusses the methodology of the research. The main purpose of the
research is to investigate the impact of Ebola outbreak among the public in university Kuala
Lumpur. To identify the cause of Ebola outbreak and investigate the effect of Ebola
outbreak while create awareness among the public of Ebola outbreak. A branch of
University Kuala Lumpur situated in the Jalan Tun Ismail, Kuala Lumpur was chosen. Data
for the research were collected through questionnaire and observation.
3.2 Research Instrument
This research utilized both the quantitative and qualitative research methodology.
The instruments used to collect the data were questionnaire and observation. A set of
questionnaire containing 20 questions divided into 4 section. Different question-types, such
as yes-no, listing, category, open-ended and scale were used in the questionnaire. The
different sections of the questionnaire were: 1) demographic information, 2) awareness on
Ebola outbreak, 3) what public feel about Ebola virus, 4) and what option can be used to
create awareness people about this topic. The questionnaire was piloted to a group of 30
students to assess its validity before it was distributed.
The qualitative data for the research came from observation. Observation used as
another method of data collection for the research. In this study, observation was used for
the purpose of obtaining data by doing literature review.

13. 11
3.3 Respondent of the Study
The respondent of the study were student from different course at university Kuala
Lumpur. In April 2016, total of 30 questionnaires were distributed to student different course
at the university. A total of 30 students from various course at university Kuala Lumpur
returned the questionnaires. Of these numbers, 13 were male student while the rest (17)
were female.
3.4 Research Procedure
Before the actual data collection period, a pilot study was conducted and at least
two of the members in our group were involved in the pilot study to assess the validity
of the research instrument to know whether the questions are easy to understand and
suitable or fulfill our requirement.
During the actual study, the questionnaires were distributed at various locations
on campus, such as in the UniKL MIIT library, UniKL MIIT prayer hall, UniKL MIIT lobby
area and a few levels in the UniKL MIIT building. Respondents were approached with
an initial question of whether they have time to answer the questionnaire before the
questionnaire was given to them. We allocate for about 3 days’ time for the
questionnaire distributions from 20 April until 22 April 2016. This study involved 30
students were randomly selected to answer the questionnaire. Refer Appendix A for the
questionnaire.

14. 12
3.5 Data Analysis
To analyze the data, a total of three variables were taken into consideration
study purpose, awareness of the public and overcame this Ebola outbreak issues. Data
were entered into computer using SPSS software. Result was presented through frequency
counts and other descriptive statistic.

15. 13
4.0RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Description of the Data and Findings
The result for the gender of the 30 respondent participated in the study is 56.7%
were female while 43.3% were male.
The majority of the respondent currently was all 25 years old and below. Their
primary language is most on other which is Bahasa Melayu language which is 53.3%. While
English language were 46.7% and for Arabic or Spanish were none. Based on highest
educational level the most respondent were in high school or equivalent with 21
respondents. Second is for other which is with 7 respondent and then for some college with
6 respondent. Moreover, for bachelor’s degrees were 5 respondent and for this two were
same amount of respondent which is 2 respondent, there were Grammar school and
vocational or technical school. This will not sum to 30 respondents because some
respondent answer more than one answer for this question. Other than that the marital
status show single respondent were 83.3%, married were 3.3% and some would rather not
say were 13.3%.
Based on the findings, there is no vaccine or cure for Ebola but simple measures
such as hand-washing can contribute to stopping the infection and its spread. Public
awareness is the key to containing the deadly Ebola virus.

16. 14
FIGURE 4.1 Awareness on Ebola Outbreak
Figure 4.1 shows awareness on Ebola outbreak among public which is have them
ever heard about Ebola virus, can campaign create awareness, flyer, talk, social media and
all solution above.
The majority or 83.3% of respondents were aware about Ebola virus before and a
few respondents just knew about this topic with 16.7% of respondents. 100% of respondent
were agree by doing health promotion campaign on Ebola outbreak would increase the
awareness among public. While having a flyer could help on gain awareness on Ebola virus
were 80% were agree and 20% were not. Besides that, 16.7% of respondents were not
agreed to attend a talk on Ebola outbreak but the majority said yes. As the social media
should have an advertisement on Ebola outbreak so the public will be concerned and
majority said yes or agree. 93.3% were agree to all above solutions create awareness and
the rest disagree.
83.30%
100%
80% 83.30%
100%
93.30%
16.70%
0
20% 16.70%
0
6.70%
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
Ever heard about
ebola virus?
Can health
promotion
campaign
increase
awareness?
Can flyer help
gain awareness?
Would you attend
a talk about Ebola
virus?
The social media
should have and
advertisement on
Ebola outbreak
Do you agree to
all above solution
to create
awareness?
Awarenesson Ebola Outbreak
Yes No

17. 15
FIGURE 4.2 What Public Feel about Ebola virus
Figure above indicate of what would public feel about Ebola virus that give
awareness. Referring to the arrangement of scale from strongly agree, agree, disagree and
strongly disagree. The result of what would you feel about Ebola virus is deathly shows
strongly agree (40%), agree (56.7%) and strongly disagree (3.3%).
Then, the result for do you agree to aware people about this issues shows that
(26.7%) strongly agree and (70%) agree. While strongly disagree shows (33%).
After that, the result by raising awareness will make people precautious on this
issues shows (23.3%) strongly agree and (63.3%) agree. Meanwhile (3.3%) disagree and
(10%) strongly disagree.
0 5 10 15 20 25
Do you feel ebola virus is deathly
Do you agree to aware people about this issues
By raising awareness wil make people precautiuos on this
issues
Ministry of Health Malaysia should take this issues
seriously
Awareness among public by show it on media social
It is important to create awareness among public about
Ebola virus
What public feel aboutEbola virus
Strongly disagree Disagree Agree Strongly agree

18. 16
Moreover, the result for ministry of health Malaysia should take this issues seriously
shows strongly agree (56.7%) and agree (33.3%). But for disagree shows (3.3%) and
strongly disagree (6.7%).
The result for awareness among public by show it on social media indicates (40%)
on strongly agree and (33.3%) for agree. Despite for disagree shows (3.3%) disagree and
(3.3%) strongly disagree.
Finally, the result shows important to create awareness among public about Ebola
virus issues where (40%) strongly agree and (56.7%) agree with the statement. But only
(3.3%) were disagreed.

19. 17
FIGURE 4.3 Options That Can Be Used to Create Awareness among Public about Ebola Virus
In order to create awareness there is some option can be used to make this plan
happen. Based on figure 4.3 (Option That Can Be Used to Create Awareness among Public
about Ebola Virus). The option is like, newspaper, social media, advertisement, television,
magazine and other (by lecturer or teacher, talk, radio). The pie chart shows that
respondent that chooses newspaper with amount of 22 people.
Followed by social media is 28 respondents. Then 20 respondent choose television
as an option to create awareness.
After that, magazine result shows 17 respondents choose this option and finally only
4 respondents choose an option of other as example such as lecturer, talk and radio.
22
28
20
26
17
4
Options That Can Be Used to Create Awareness
among Public about Ebola Virus
Newspaper
Social Media
Advertisement
Television
Megazine
other ( Lecturer,Talk,Radio)

20. 18
4.2 Discussion
The majority of people who are not aware of Ebola virus effect on humans. The
purpose of this study was to assess on creating awareness on the impact of Ebola
outbreak. Though this virus in our country is quite rare, we need to take precautions on this
issue.
The data showed that the Ebola virus began in December 2013 in the rural
Gueckedou district of Guinea. It was hoped that virus could be confined to guinea, as even
by April 2014, very few cases were identified in the neighboring countries of Liberia and
Sierra Leone. In addition, a drop in the number of confirmed cases in Guinea inspired hope
that the epidemic was beginning to subside. However, by May 2014, the number of
reported cases increased sharply in the three aforementioned countries, and by August
16th, the disease had spread to so many countries with 2, 240 total cases and 1, 229 deaths
in the three countries.
Figure 4.1 shows awareness on Ebola outbreak among public which is have them
ever heard about Ebola virus. The study is to know can campaign create awareness, flyer,
talk, social media and all solution above.
The majority or 83.3% of respondents were aware about Ebola virus before and that
a good start because at least a group of people know about this virus existent. A few
respondent just knew about this topic with 16.7% of respondents, though it is quite small
but still need to give them this knowledge to make them prepare for the worst. 100% of
respondent were agree by doing health promotion campaign on Ebola outbreak would
increase the awareness among public because by doing campaign people can know better
about this virus. This campaign also can tell about the symptoms and precautious way to

21. 19
prevent Ebola virus. While having a flyer could help on gain awareness on Ebola virus
were 80% were agree and 20% were not. Besides that, 16.7% of respondents were not
agree to attend a talk on Ebola outbreak but the majority said yes. As the social media
should have an advertisement on Ebola outbreak so the public will be concerned and all of
the majority said yes or agree. 93.3% were agree to all above solutions create awareness
and the rest disagree.
Figure 4.2 indicate of what public feel about Ebola virus that give awareness would
Referring to the arrangement of scale from strongly agree, agree, disagree and strongly
disagree. The result of what would you feel about Ebola virus is deathly shows strongly
agree (40%) this is based on Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola
hemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans, The average EVD case fatality
rate is around 50%. Case fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90% in past outbreaks.
agree (56.7%) and strongly disagree (3.3%).
Then, the result for do you agree to aware people about this issues shows that
(26.7%) strongly agree and (70%) agree. While strongly disagree shows (33%). After that,
the result by raising awareness will make people precautious on this issues shows (23.3%)
strongly agree and (63.3%) agree. Meanwhile (3.3%) disagree and (10%) strongly
disagree.
Moreover, the result for ministry of health Malaysia should take this issues seriously
shows strongly agree (56.7%) and agree (33.3%). But for disagree shows (3.3%) and
strongly disagree (6.7%).Community engagement is key to successfully controlling
outbreaks. Good outbreak control relies on applying a package of interventions, namely

22. 20
case management, surveillance and contact tracing, a good laboratory service, safe burials
and social mobilization.
The result for awareness among public by show it on social media indicates (40%)
on strongly agree and (33.3%) for agree. Despite for disagree shows (3.3%) disagree and
(3.3%) strongly disagree.
Finally, the result shows important to create awareness among public about Ebola
virus issues where (40%) strongly agree and (56.7%) agree with the statement. But only
(3.3%) were disagreeing.
In order to create awareness there is some option can be used to make this plan happen.
Based on figure 4.3 Options That Can Be Used to Create Awareness among Public about
Ebola Virus.
The option is like, newspaper, social media, advertisement, television, magazine and
other (by lecturer or teacher, talk, radio). This is too choose ways in order to give
awareness to public, thus in order to make it easier to know about the virus. The pie chart
shows that respondents choose newspaper with amount of 22 people.
Followed by social media which is nowadays use such as Facebook, twitter,
Pinterest, Instagram in order to give a message to public about this issues and the pie chart
shows 28 respondent. Then 20 respondents choose television as an option to create
awareness.

23. 21
After that, magazine such as health magazine that will give information about the
Ebola virus. Pie chart result shows 17 respondents choose this option and finally only 4
respondent choose an option of other as example such as lecturer, talk and radio.

24. 22
4.3 Conclusion
The finding reported that in encourage more people to know knowledge about
sickness or virus. Thus, this will make people to prepare and know how to prevent this virus
in the future. Health ministry must take this seriously and make more campaign in many
ways that will give benefit to people and the generation for the future will be safe and
healthy. But each person also must have self-awareness then this will be a successful
campaign.

25. 23
5.0CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1Introduction
Ebola is one of the world’s deadliest viruses with a fatality rate up to 90%.
There is no known cure and no vaccine. Then the best way to prevent the
outbreak is by increasing the awareness among the citizens which include
education to recognize the early sign and symptom because the risk of
transmission in early stage is lower than the late stage of the virus infection.
Therefore, the main objective of this research is to create awareness among
the public of Ebola outbreak.
5.2 Restatement of Objectives
According to the case objective that has been mentioned earlier in pervious
chapter, the main objectives of this study are:
 To identify the causes of Ebola outbreak
 To investigate the effects of Ebola outbreak
 To create awareness among the public of Ebola outbreak

26. 24
5.3 Review of the Findings
Ebola, previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly
disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species. Ebola can
cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates such as monkeys, gorillas,
and chimpanzees.
The Ebola virus can only be passed on by direct contact with bodily fluids of
an affected person or animal (such as urine, sweat or blood) therefore, simply
by increasing awareness can stop an Ebola outbreak. This is why raising
community awareness about disease among the public of Ebola outbreak so
that people understand how the virus is transmitted and the early sign and
symptom if affected.
5.4 Limitation of the Study
For the limitation of the study we have to schedule on meeting the doctors but
as we know the doctors schedule is very packed. Furthermore the Ebola virus
has not been detected in Malaysia, so the doctors only can predict the
outcome and progress of the Ebola outbreak.

27. 25
5.5Recommendations Based on the Findings
There are a few suggestions to be considering based on the findings and the
conclusion of the study that are:
 We need to improve the public awareness of the impacts of Ebola
outbreak due to the result of only a few people know about the Ebola.
 The finding reported that in encourage more people to know knowledge
about sickness or virus. Thus, this will make people to prepare and
know how to prevent this virus in the future. Health ministry must take
this seriously and make more campaign in many ways that will give
benefit to people and the generation for the future will be safe and
healthy. But each person also must have self-awareness then this will
be a successful campaign.
 The best option to create awareness campaign is through the social
media hence the people nowadays interact and involve in social media
24 hours and the information is easily spread.
5.6Recommendations for Future Research
The following recommendations will be proposed for further research:
 Attending the previous places of Ebola outbreak
 Interviewing the family members of the person that has been affected
by Ebola.

28. 26
REFERENCES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014, November 2). Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Retrieved from Signs and Symptoms:
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/symptoms/index.html
Centers for Disease Control. (1990). Filovirus infection in animal handlers. Morbidity Mortality
Weekly Report.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, April 25). Diagnosis of Ebola. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/diagnosis/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, July 22). Treatment. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/treatment/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (January 12, 2016). How ebola virus is spread. Ebola
(Ebola Virus Disease), 1 of 1.
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. (2000-2014). Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease). Retrieved
from Centre for Disease Control and Prevention:
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/history/summaries.html
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, July 18). Outbreaks Chronology: Ebola Virus
Disease. Retrieved from Centre for Disease Control and Prevention:
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/history/chronology.html
Miranda ME, K. T. (1999). Epidemiology of Ebola (subtype Reston) virus in the Philippines, 1996.
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179.
Rollin PE, W. J. (1999). Isolated cases of Ebola (subtype Reston) virus among quarantined non-
human primates recently imported from the Philippines to the United States. Journal of
Infectious Diseases, 179.
World Health Organization. (1976). Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Sudan. Report of a
WHO/International Study Team. Bulletin of the World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (1976). Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. Report of an
International Convention, 56(2):271-293.
World Health Organization. (1996). Ebola haemorrhagic fever - South Africa. Weekly
Epidemiological Record.

29. 27
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Questionnaire
Research Study for Professional English 2:
The Public Awareness on the Impact of Ebola Outbreak
The research is to create awareness among public about Ebola virus. It is as an act of
precautious about this health issues. The purpose is to identify the cause of Ebola
outbreak, the effect of Ebola outbreak and to create awareness among the public in
Malaysian. The data will be a result for this research.
What are the causes of Ebola Outbreak?
Can you get Ebola from sneezing?
It is possible to spread through coughing or sneezing, but health officials say it’s
unlikely. Saliva or mucus from an infected person would have to get into a healthy
person’s eyes, nose, mouth or open wound for the disease to spread.
Can it spread through mosquitoes?
There is no evidence to support this. Humans, bats, monkeys and apes have the
ability to spread the Ebola virus, but evidence so far indicates that mosquitoes and
other insects can’t transmit it.
Can it mutate to become airborne?
While mutations do occur, experts say it is very unlikely that the virus would mutate
to become an airborne disease.
The Ebola virus has not previously mutated in this manner, and experts say there is
no other virus that has transformed from non-airborne to airborne in human beings.
Testifying before Congress in September, Anthony Fauci, director of the National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said this is not something the American
people should “lose sleep over”.
Can someone be infected through direct contact?
Direct contact means that blood or body fluids from an infected person or body have
touched another person’s eyes, nose or mouth or an open wound or abrasion.
People can also become infected from contaminated surfaces and materials,
including bed sheets and clothing.
Can Ebola be transmitted sexually?
Sexual transmission of the Ebola virus, from males to females, is a strong possibility,
but has not yet been proven. Less probable, but theoretically possible, is female to
male transmission. More surveillance data and research are needed on the risks of

30. 28
sexual transmission and particularly on the prevalence of viable and transmissible
virus in semen over time. In the interim, and based on present evidence,
Please tick ( ) in the space provided to indicate your responses
1. What is your age?
( ) 25 or under
( ) 26-40
( ) 41-55
( ) 56 or older
2. What is your gender?
( ) Female
( ) Male
3. What is your primary language?
( ) Arabic
( ) English
( ) Spanish
( ) Other
4. What is the highest level of education you have completed?
( ) Grammar school
( ) High school or equivalent
( ) Vocational/technical school (2 year)
( ) Some college
( ) Bachelor's degree
( ) Master's degree
( ) Doctoral degree
( ) Professional degree (MD, JD, etc.)
( ) Other

31. 29
5. What is your current marital status?
( ) Divorced
( ) Living with another
( ) Married
( ) Separated
( ) Single
( ) Widowed
( ) Would rather not say
6. Have you ever heard about Ebola virus before?
( ) Yes
( ) No
7. Do you agree by doing health promotion campaign on Ebola outbreak would
increase the awareness among public?
( ) Yes
( ) No
8. Do you feel that by having a flyer about Ebola would help you gain awareness?
( ) Yes
( ) No
9. Do you agree if you attend a talk on Ebola outbreak it will help you gain awareness?
( ) Yes
( ) No
10.The social media should have an advertisement on Ebola outbreak so that the public
will be concerned about it?
( ) Yes
( ) No

32. 30
11.Do you agree that all of the above are the solution to create awareness among
public on Ebola outbreak?
( ) Yes
( ) No
Indicate your feeling about the following question by ticking ( ) on the appropriate
line.
Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
Agree disagree
12. Do you feel this Ebola virus is
deathly?
13.Do you agree to aware people about
this issues?
14.Do your feel by raising awareness will
make people precautious on this
Issues?
15.Ministry of Health Malaysia should take
This issues seriously?
16.Awareness among public by show it
on media social.
17.It is important to create awareness
Among public about Ebola virus issues
Please tick ( ) that you feel appropriate.
18.What options can be use to create awareness people about this topic?

33. 31
( ) Newspaper
( ) Social media
( ) Advertisement
( ) Television
( ) Magazine
( ) Other :
19.What is your opinion to create awareness among the public on Ebola outbreak?
20.Please give your comment regarding on the topic?

34. 32
LIST OF FIGURE
1. FIGURE 4.1 Awareness on Ebola Outbreak
2. FIGURE 4.2 What Public Feel about Ebola virus
3. FIGURE 4.3 Options That Can Be Used to Create Awareness among Public about Ebola
Virus