The rate of child marriage worldwide reaches 21%. Indonesia was the 37th country with the second-highest percentage of child marriages in ASEAN. Adolescent knowledge and attitudes affect behavior in child marriages. Therefore, educational media is needed to increase knowledge and form positive attitudes in adolescents related to the maturation of age marriage. This study was to determine the effect of video on the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents about the maturation of age marriage. This research used a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design carried out in April-October 2022. The experimental group was given treatment through an educational video and the control group using a pocketbook. High school student was the population. Sampling technique was employed, involving 120 respondents for both groups. The research instrument used was a questionnaire which has been tested. Data analysis using statistical test software. In the video group, the mean difference test results for the level of knowledge were p=0.000 and attitude was p=0.006. In the pocketbook group, the level of knowledge was p=0.003 and attitude was p=0.314. Educational video is an effective method to improve adolescents’ knowledge and attitude about the maturation of age marriage. It can be used to prevent child marriage among adolescents.
Adolescence is the most vulnerable period to reproductive health problems.
These problems include early pregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexually
infections transmitted (STIs) including the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), sexual abuse. Access for sexuality education and reproductive health
services to comprehensive and youth-friendly was limited. This study aims
to determine the effectiveness of peer educators and guidance and
counselling teachers in adolescent reproductive health level of knowledge.
This is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control
group design with treatment groups using peer educators and teacher as
control groups. The sample size was 70 respondents. Data was collected by
questionnaire that already had validity and reliability test. Data analysis used
univariate, t-test and logistic regression. The results of this study showed
that the provision of information was more effective through guidance
conselling teachers (p=0.000, exp B=14.5). This study recommends that
improve adolescents’ reproductive knowledge need to optimize the role of
guidance and counseling teachers in providing information.
Cases of human imunnodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in middle and low income countries were very many. One of the biggest obstacles in the prevention of HIV/AIDS is the high stigma people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). There are still 34% of health students stigmatizing PLWHA. Appropriate learning media is needed to provide information about HIV/AIDS to midwifery students. The purpose was to determine the effect videos and pocket books on the knowledge, attitudes towards stigma of PLWHA. This research was a quantitative study with quasi-experimental non equivalent control group design. The intervention group was given information using video, the control group was given a pocket book. There were 100 respondents participated in this study. Data analysis using t-test and simple linear regression. There is a relationship between the provision of videos and pocket books on the post test knowledge with p=0.002. There is an influence of giving video to attitude with p=0.022 OR 2.731. There was a relationship between the provision of videos and pocket books on the knowledge and attitudes of respondents. There was no relationship between the source of video information on the adequacy of material about HIV AIDS and the experience of meeting PLWHA with the level of knowledge and attitude of respondents.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Sex Educ...ijtsrd
Adolescent age group is a very susceptible group. These children are in phase of transformation from children to adulthood. Most adolescence manages this transformation but many of them are indulged in behaviors like sexual experimentation, exploration and promiscuity, and through which lands in the problem of unmarried motherhood, abortions, STDs HIV infection, sexual abuse. India has the largest population of adolescents in the world about 243 million , among them 69.5 getting married before 20 years of age, about 2.47 cases of HIV infected persons in the country and with sexually transmitted diseases. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on education in selected Nursing College of Dehradun in Uttarakhand.The quantitative evaluative research approach was used. Setting Himalayan College of Nursing, Jolly grant, Dehradun, Sample consecutive sample of 44 General Nursing and Midwifery GNM students. Tool self structure questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding sex education was prepared. Intervention planned teaching programme on sex education.The finding of the study revealed that post test knowledge score is significantly higher than pre test knowledge score. The different between pre test and post test shows difference at the level of p 0.005. There was no significant association between pre test knowledge score and demographic variables. Rajesh Singh | Anjali Gupta | Deepika Badola | Poonam Chauhan | Anupriya Bisht | Upma George "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Sex Education among GNM First Year Students in a Selected College of Nursing in Dehradun Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47494.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/47494/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programme-on-sex-education-among-gnm-first-year-students-in-a-selected-college-of-nursing-in-dehradun-uttarakhand/rajesh-singh
A Study on Assessment of Knowledge of Reproductive Health Education among the...AnuragSingh1049
Adolescence is a life’s essential transition phase starting around 10, 11 or 12 years and concludes between the age of 18-21 years. Deficiency of reproductive health information and sexual experimentations in this stage of storm and stress expose adolescents to grave health pressure. Adolescents must have access to logical Reproductive Health information to increase healthy attitude towards Reproductive Health issues. The aim of writing this paper was to assess the the knowledge of adolescent students studying in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir state towards Reproductive Health Education and to be familiar with reproductive health issues among adolescents. The present study was carried out on 400 Adolescent Higher Secondary School students of Jammu region using a well designed pre-tested questionnaire. The results of our study showed that students had constructive attitude towards Reproductive Health Education as majority (boys = 86.0%, girls=84.5%) of respondents recommended Reproductive Health Education in school curriculum. Further, 40.0% boys and 35.5% girl respondents were of the opinion that lecture by expert is a preferred method of imparting Reproductive Health Education, 32.0% boys and 28.5% girl students under study favored to communicate with Doctors/Health Workers followed by parents brothers/sisters (23.0%) in case of girls and friends (23.5%) in case of boys concerning Reproductive Health issues. Further, the study revealed that girl students (51.5%) favored to get married under 24 years as they were of the belief that it is the prime of life, and can give birth without much troubles whereas majority of boys understudy (65.5%) told that they prefer to get married above 24 years as they desire to complete education first and find a appropriate job in order to feed family unit. Majority of the respondents (58.5%) believed that youth living in urban areas possesses more knowledge about reproductive health than youth living in rural areas. Further, majority of the students possesses good knowledge about HIV/AIDS and STDs. It is concluded from our study that there is a requirement of providing proper scientific information to teenagers concerning reproductive health by incorporating Reproductive Health Education in school syllabus and lectures by experts in order to advance their awareness and consequently reproductive health condition.
Cervical cancer represents 7.5% of deaths caused by cancer in women.
Prevention of cervical cancer can be done by cervical cancer screening. The
purpose of the study was to determine the effect of video on knowledge
level, attitude, and intention for cervical cancer screening in Yogyakarta.
This study was a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent
control group design. The study was carried out in April-October 2021. The
population of the study was all women of childbearing age. The sample was
50 respondents for each group, experiment group and control group. The
intervention was given through video education for the experiment group
and pocketbooks for the control group. Data analysis used T-test, Wilcoxon
test, and Mann-withney. There was a difference in the pre-test and post-test
of knowledge level (p=0.002), attitude (p=0.023), intention (p=0.005) in the
experiment group and knowledge level (p=0.001), attitude (p=0.000),
intention (p=0.004) in the control group. There was a significant difference
in women’s intention (p=0.001) for cervical cancer screening with the video
education method than pocketbooks. The method of providing educational
videos and pocketbooks is effective for increasing the knowledge level,
attitude, and intention for cervical cancer screening. Video has influence on
intention to detection cervical cancer.
The adolescent stage is a period of turmoil marked with enormous vibrancy, discovery, innovation and hope and also the time when many of them initiate sexual relationships and involvement. This can be a challenging time for young people who are becoming aware of their sexual and reproductive rights and needs, and who rely on their families, peers, schools, media and health service providers for affirmation, advice, information and the skills to navigate is sometimes a difficult transition to adulthood. The subject on sex has been surrounded by mystery and beclouded by dark silence as neither parents nor teachers are ready to discuss it with teenagers despite unplanned pregnancies, dropping out of school by students, Sexually Transmitted Infections among teenagers. The study investigated influence of teen contraceptive use) on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 3774 Form 3 students. A sample of 400 students was selected using, Miller, L.R. & Brewer, J.D. (2003) mathematical formula and stratified randomly from 52 schools and conveniently selected equally between boys and girls. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights most students were aware about contraceptive use with females slightly more than males and media was the major source of information on contraceptive use while parents/guardians had no significant contribution since teenagers rarely receive their first information on sexual matters from their parents. More than half of the sexually active students used contraceptives though it still interfered with their academic performance. This paper points at sex education curriculum in schools, setting up reproductive health institutions for the youth and distribution of contraceptives among teenagers which has a bearing on students’ performance.
Adolescence is the most vulnerable period to reproductive health problems.
These problems include early pregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexually
infections transmitted (STIs) including the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), sexual abuse. Access for sexuality education and reproductive health
services to comprehensive and youth-friendly was limited. This study aims
to determine the effectiveness of peer educators and guidance and
counselling teachers in adolescent reproductive health level of knowledge.
This is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control
group design with treatment groups using peer educators and teacher as
control groups. The sample size was 70 respondents. Data was collected by
questionnaire that already had validity and reliability test. Data analysis used
univariate, t-test and logistic regression. The results of this study showed
that the provision of information was more effective through guidance
conselling teachers (p=0.000, exp B=14.5). This study recommends that
improve adolescents’ reproductive knowledge need to optimize the role of
guidance and counseling teachers in providing information.
Cases of human imunnodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in middle and low income countries were very many. One of the biggest obstacles in the prevention of HIV/AIDS is the high stigma people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). There are still 34% of health students stigmatizing PLWHA. Appropriate learning media is needed to provide information about HIV/AIDS to midwifery students. The purpose was to determine the effect videos and pocket books on the knowledge, attitudes towards stigma of PLWHA. This research was a quantitative study with quasi-experimental non equivalent control group design. The intervention group was given information using video, the control group was given a pocket book. There were 100 respondents participated in this study. Data analysis using t-test and simple linear regression. There is a relationship between the provision of videos and pocket books on the post test knowledge with p=0.002. There is an influence of giving video to attitude with p=0.022 OR 2.731. There was a relationship between the provision of videos and pocket books on the knowledge and attitudes of respondents. There was no relationship between the source of video information on the adequacy of material about HIV AIDS and the experience of meeting PLWHA with the level of knowledge and attitude of respondents.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Sex Educ...ijtsrd
Adolescent age group is a very susceptible group. These children are in phase of transformation from children to adulthood. Most adolescence manages this transformation but many of them are indulged in behaviors like sexual experimentation, exploration and promiscuity, and through which lands in the problem of unmarried motherhood, abortions, STDs HIV infection, sexual abuse. India has the largest population of adolescents in the world about 243 million , among them 69.5 getting married before 20 years of age, about 2.47 cases of HIV infected persons in the country and with sexually transmitted diseases. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on education in selected Nursing College of Dehradun in Uttarakhand.The quantitative evaluative research approach was used. Setting Himalayan College of Nursing, Jolly grant, Dehradun, Sample consecutive sample of 44 General Nursing and Midwifery GNM students. Tool self structure questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding sex education was prepared. Intervention planned teaching programme on sex education.The finding of the study revealed that post test knowledge score is significantly higher than pre test knowledge score. The different between pre test and post test shows difference at the level of p 0.005. There was no significant association between pre test knowledge score and demographic variables. Rajesh Singh | Anjali Gupta | Deepika Badola | Poonam Chauhan | Anupriya Bisht | Upma George "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Sex Education among GNM First Year Students in a Selected College of Nursing in Dehradun Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47494.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/47494/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programme-on-sex-education-among-gnm-first-year-students-in-a-selected-college-of-nursing-in-dehradun-uttarakhand/rajesh-singh
A Study on Assessment of Knowledge of Reproductive Health Education among the...AnuragSingh1049
Adolescence is a life’s essential transition phase starting around 10, 11 or 12 years and concludes between the age of 18-21 years. Deficiency of reproductive health information and sexual experimentations in this stage of storm and stress expose adolescents to grave health pressure. Adolescents must have access to logical Reproductive Health information to increase healthy attitude towards Reproductive Health issues. The aim of writing this paper was to assess the the knowledge of adolescent students studying in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir state towards Reproductive Health Education and to be familiar with reproductive health issues among adolescents. The present study was carried out on 400 Adolescent Higher Secondary School students of Jammu region using a well designed pre-tested questionnaire. The results of our study showed that students had constructive attitude towards Reproductive Health Education as majority (boys = 86.0%, girls=84.5%) of respondents recommended Reproductive Health Education in school curriculum. Further, 40.0% boys and 35.5% girl respondents were of the opinion that lecture by expert is a preferred method of imparting Reproductive Health Education, 32.0% boys and 28.5% girl students under study favored to communicate with Doctors/Health Workers followed by parents brothers/sisters (23.0%) in case of girls and friends (23.5%) in case of boys concerning Reproductive Health issues. Further, the study revealed that girl students (51.5%) favored to get married under 24 years as they were of the belief that it is the prime of life, and can give birth without much troubles whereas majority of boys understudy (65.5%) told that they prefer to get married above 24 years as they desire to complete education first and find a appropriate job in order to feed family unit. Majority of the respondents (58.5%) believed that youth living in urban areas possesses more knowledge about reproductive health than youth living in rural areas. Further, majority of the students possesses good knowledge about HIV/AIDS and STDs. It is concluded from our study that there is a requirement of providing proper scientific information to teenagers concerning reproductive health by incorporating Reproductive Health Education in school syllabus and lectures by experts in order to advance their awareness and consequently reproductive health condition.
Cervical cancer represents 7.5% of deaths caused by cancer in women.
Prevention of cervical cancer can be done by cervical cancer screening. The
purpose of the study was to determine the effect of video on knowledge
level, attitude, and intention for cervical cancer screening in Yogyakarta.
This study was a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent
control group design. The study was carried out in April-October 2021. The
population of the study was all women of childbearing age. The sample was
50 respondents for each group, experiment group and control group. The
intervention was given through video education for the experiment group
and pocketbooks for the control group. Data analysis used T-test, Wilcoxon
test, and Mann-withney. There was a difference in the pre-test and post-test
of knowledge level (p=0.002), attitude (p=0.023), intention (p=0.005) in the
experiment group and knowledge level (p=0.001), attitude (p=0.000),
intention (p=0.004) in the control group. There was a significant difference
in women’s intention (p=0.001) for cervical cancer screening with the video
education method than pocketbooks. The method of providing educational
videos and pocketbooks is effective for increasing the knowledge level,
attitude, and intention for cervical cancer screening. Video has influence on
intention to detection cervical cancer.
The adolescent stage is a period of turmoil marked with enormous vibrancy, discovery, innovation and hope and also the time when many of them initiate sexual relationships and involvement. This can be a challenging time for young people who are becoming aware of their sexual and reproductive rights and needs, and who rely on their families, peers, schools, media and health service providers for affirmation, advice, information and the skills to navigate is sometimes a difficult transition to adulthood. The subject on sex has been surrounded by mystery and beclouded by dark silence as neither parents nor teachers are ready to discuss it with teenagers despite unplanned pregnancies, dropping out of school by students, Sexually Transmitted Infections among teenagers. The study investigated influence of teen contraceptive use) on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 3774 Form 3 students. A sample of 400 students was selected using, Miller, L.R. & Brewer, J.D. (2003) mathematical formula and stratified randomly from 52 schools and conveniently selected equally between boys and girls. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights most students were aware about contraceptive use with females slightly more than males and media was the major source of information on contraceptive use while parents/guardians had no significant contribution since teenagers rarely receive their first information on sexual matters from their parents. More than half of the sexually active students used contraceptives though it still interfered with their academic performance. This paper points at sex education curriculum in schools, setting up reproductive health institutions for the youth and distribution of contraceptives among teenagers which has a bearing on students’ performance.
IS A WEBSITE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN WHATSAPP? AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO INCREASE ...indexPub
Adolescent anemia is a global health problem. The ability of adolescents to prevent and treat anemia is directly related to the knowledge and attitudes they possess. This was to determine the effectiveness of education using websites and WhatsApp to increase the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents regarding anemia. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest with control group design. The research was conducted in March and April 2023 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The intervention was a website and WhatsApp education, while the outcome were knowledge and attitude measured at baseline and end line. The study sample was 61 experimental group student and 44 control groups determined by multistage sampling. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann- Whitney tests using SPSS. The results showed that knowledge and attitude of adolescents both in the website and WhatsApp groups increased; knowledge scores in the website group baseline and end line were 90.87 and 95.4, respectively, with a change of 5,1%. While in the WhatsApp group, there were 85.6 and 94.8, with a change of 10.7%. The average pre-test and post-test attitude scores in the website group were 63.8 and 69.3 with a change of 8.6%, while in the WhatsApp group they were 83.3 and 89.1 with a change of 40.6%. The results showed that the increase in knowledge and attitudes in the WhatsApp group was significant: 1.02 (1.00–1.84) and 1.07 (91.01-0.96), respectively. As a conclusion, WhatsApp is more effective in increasing knowledge and attitude compared to website education.
Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programe on Knowledge R...ijtsrd
Reproductive health plays a key role in a woman’s life. According to United Nations Population Fund, good sexual and reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being in all matters relating to the reproductive system. In pre test majority 63.33 of B. SC 1st year student had average knowledge, whereas in the post test 46.66 of student had good knowledge. The mean percentage of post test knowledge score was higher 19.33 when compared with mean percentage of pre test knowledge score 11.33 Post test mean score 19.33 greater than previous test mean 11.33 difference is 8 hence, the research hypothesis H1 is accepted and it was inferred that the mean difference between pre test and post test knowledge score was statistically significant. The computed ‘t’ value t=29 was higher than the table value t29=2.05 at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the research hypothesis H1 is accepted and it was inferred that the mean difference between pre and post test knowledge score was statistically significant. Chi square test reveal that there is no significant association between pre test knowledge and demographic variables of BSc Nursing 1st year students. Ms. Seema Pal | Ms. Sheetal Verma | Ms. Shivani Singh | Ms. Shilpi Dubey | Ms. Shivangi Patel | Ms. Shivangi Rai | Ms. Shivangi Srivastava | Ms. Shivangini Yadav | Ms. Shraddha Yadav | Ms. Shreya Maurya | Ms. Vimlesh Yadav | Ms. Zainab Ansari | Mrs. Jayana Rupjee "Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programe on Knowledge Regarding Reproductive Health" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52417.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/52417/study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programe-on-knowledge-regarding-reproductive-health/ms-seema-pal
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in ...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital
Emannuel Gutaka 1, Martin Odoki 2, Francis Okedi 3 and *Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu4
1Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and Research (KIU-THR), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
2Department of Microbiology, Kampala International University Western Campus (KIU-WC), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
3Department of Surgery, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and research (KIU-THR) , P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
4Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda.
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
In Uganda, only 19% of adolescents utilize adolescents’ reproductive health services yet complications of pregnancy, abortions, and childbirth are the leading cause of disability and death among the same age group. The purpose of this study was to assess factors that were contributing to the low utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services. A quantitative cross-sectional study employed simple random sampling among 85 adolescents that were attending Kampala international university outpatient clinic. Results found out that majority 46(53.4) of adolescents were aged from 15-16 years, 46(53.4%) were male, 28(32.5%) were Catholics most 81(94.1%) were single. 18(36%) had got the information from their friends, 28(56%) of adolescents said that the information about adolescents' reproductive health services was not freely shared in their communities and 33(66%) said that their communities did not accept adolescents sexual reproductive health services where 7(50%) gave a reason they expected to be young to have sexual intercourse. 43(86%) of adolescents were from within 1-5km, 28(73.8%) mentioned lack of privacy at the facility, and 30(79%) said that health workers segregated adolescents that needed similar reproductive health services. In conclusion, factors that were contributing to the low hindering utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services were both demographic, socio-economic, and facility related.
Keywords: Adolescents, Reproductive, Health Services, Uganda.
A Study on the Attitude of Tribal Woman towards Re Productive Healthijtsrd
Reproductive health covers all matters relating to the reproductive system, at all stages of life. Good reproductive health for women begins in childhood and the teen years. Things such as nutrition, environment, education, income level, and cultural practices influence your reproductive health. Good reproductive health benefits the health and well being of our family. It can improve the social and economic situation of you and our family. And most importantly, it can help make sure that every infant is wanted, loved and has a chance to grow up healthy. The present study concludes that 1 4th 59 of the respondents attitude are neutral, 21percent of the respondent’s attitude are positive, and 19percent of the respondent attitude is negative towards sexual and reproductive health. Dr. Agnes Febiola. X | Saranya. S "A Study on the Attitude of Tribal Woman towards Re-Productive Health" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56237.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/other/56237/a-study-on-the-attitude-of-tribal-woman-towards-reproductive-health/dr-agnes-febiola-x
In Africa, the concept of Guidance and Counseling although relatively new in educational systems, has been embraced by most governments. Although most African countries recognize the essential role of organized Guidance and Counseling Programmes, there are limited researches studies conducted to assess the effectiveness of the programmed services being implemented to improve the student’s decision making processes that lead to improved future benefits. Research is yet to identify gender specific strategies to positive psychosexual development in boys and girls that can promote safe reproductive health. A wide spread ignorance on the subject of sex is due to the fact that the subject has been surrounded with mystery and beclouded by dark silence. The result has increased curiosity and desire to acquire more knowledge on this forbidden subject; yet, the people entrusted with the responsibility of educating the adolescents on the subject have not made appropriate information readily available. The study investigated effectiveness of guidance and counselling programmes on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 52 guiding and counselling teachers. A sample of 16 participants was selected using, using 30% of Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) and randomly selected from 52 schools. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights teacher counselling and peer counselling were the most effective strategies in guidance and counselling as compared to students suspension and corporal punishment. More than half of guidance and counselling teachers asserted that schools had inadequate policy and manual procedures and code of ethics and regulation governing sexual behaviour. This paper points at need of guidance and counselling departments to develop policies and manual procedures on sex and relationship education that acts as a reference point to all members of the school. In addition, the Government should set up reproductive health institutions for the youth, promote peer counseling, talks by health providers in schools which has a bearing on students’ performance.
Impact of Peer Educational Programme and Gender on Biology Students’ Knowledg...iosrjce
This paper examined the impact of peer educational programme and gender on Biology students’
knowledge of HIV/AIDS concept in two selected local government area in Ekiti State. The study adopted a
pretest-posttest control group quasi experimental design. The sample consisted of 192 SSS II Biology Students
from four schools randomly selected in Ekiti States. Three instruments used were -Teachers’ Instructional
Guides for: HIV/AIDS Peer Education and Conventional Lecture Method; Biology Science Students’
Knowledge Scale (r=0.80). Three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using
ANCOVA and mean scores. Results showed that Treatment had significant main effect on knowledge (F (2,131)
=32.62, P < .05). Gender had no significant main effect on knowledge (F (2,131) = 1.344, P > .05). (The two-way
interaction effect of treatment and gender was not significant on knowledge (F (2,131) = 1.344, P > .05). peer
education strategy is therefore, recommended to be adopted by Biology teachers and curriculum planners.
Word Count: 158
The negative impacts of adolescent sexuality problems among secondary school ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
This study was conducted to focus on the negative health outcomes related to sexual behaviour in adolescents and young adults attending public school in the Oworonshoki region of Lagos, Nigeria, Africa. Since, there is a relative dearth of knowledge on adolescents who face unique and challenging economics, health and education problems in our society. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence and knowledge towards STD including HIV/AIDS, prevalence of sexual abuse practice/sexual behaviour, family planning awareness and acceptance including abortion practice were sorted out using self structured questionnaires and administered to 60% of student’s population using a stratified random sampling technique. 55.8% lived with both parents. While, 50.3% of the mothers had basic secondary school qualifications, 72.4% of them are traders. 61.5% had sex education were from misinformed friends/peers while 51% had no basic knowledge about sexual behavioral practice and attitude towards STDs/AIDS (HIV). STD has a prevalence of 34 and 41% of boys used condoms for preventing STI/HIV transmission and unwanted pregnancies. One out of every five sexually active teenagers has experienced forced sex, especially among the circumcised girls who were more sexually active than the uncircumcised girls. 60% of girls between ages of 12 and 18 years had more than one unsafe abortion with severe vaginal bleeding (haemorrhage) as the chief complication. However, 65% of the girls did abortion for fear of leaving school and financial hardship as the reasons.
College Students' Attitude towards Premarital Sex: Implication for Guidance a...AJSERJournal
In many African countries, discussing sexuality still remains a taboo, despite the increasing number of
sexual activities among college students. The study sought to find out college students attitude towards premarital sex
and the implication of guidance and counselling. It was guided by the social learning theory. Using a descriptive survey
design data was collected through personally delivered questionnaire to 452 students who were randomly selected
from middle level colleges in Nakuru County. The questionnaire was validated through piloting in one college outside
Nakuru. Reliability coefficient for questionnaire was estimated through test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha stood
at R=84. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data. Study findings indicate that 258 or 57% of the
respondents were liberal about premarital sex and viewed it as a normal act that should not attract criticism. A total of
194 or 43% were conservative and believed that it is against the norms of society and the teachings of the church.
Factors associated with premarital sex, include love, peer pressure, drug abuse and economic factors. Counselling was
seen as the best strategic to handle sex issues, but was not effective due to stigma associated with premarital sex. The
study recommended the college administrators step up strategies to supervise both the social and academic life of the
students. By providing them with information, to make informed consent on sexual matters.
This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to investigate the potential of digital online game-based learning (DOGBL) to enhance motivation in English as a foreign language (EFL). Online gaming has grown in popularity among students, opening up the possibility of using games as powerful instructional resources. Academic achievement depends on motivation, and this study, led by self-determination theory (SDT), explored how external rules, like rewards and recognition, could increase motivation in EFL utilizing DOGBL. The study used the SLR method, examining databases and choosing articles based on predetermined criteria. The chosen publications were examined in-depth, and a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) diagram was employed for analysis. For results, DOGBL could enhance teaching EFL by providing flexible and interesting learning environments. Key elements in motivating in DOGBL included game design, personalization, social engagement, curricular integration, and instructor assistance. As a promising method to improve EFL instruction, game-based learning, especially DOGBL, saw considerable developments between 2018 and 2023. Thus, these ground-breaking techniques transformed the way people learn English vocabulary and provided a fun and engaging way to learn the language. For educators and students, the potential for DOGBL to change EFL education is still exciting as technology develops.
The development of postmodern-era technology in the world of education is increasingly sophisticated, thus impacting the character of students and their social environment. Technological progress negatively affects the lives of today's generation. When misuse of technology is widespread, it is imperative to strengthen cultural and religious filtration. So that the influence of globalization on technological development can be minimized. So as not to damage the cultural values and morality of students as the next generation of the nation. This study aims to explain the importance of transforming the values of Bima's local wisdom "Nggusu Waru" through the media of social studies e-books. The results and conclusions of this study are efforts to develop students' social character that require teacher collaboration, supervision, and optimal parental attention so that their interest in learning is higher and minimizes deviant behavior. This research method uses research and development design. At the stage of preliminary studies with models developed by Borg and Gall. Through several stages of research, information gathering, development of initial forms of products, and initial field testing. In this step, data is collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The data is analyzed to find out some of its weaknesses and shortcomings.
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IS A WEBSITE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN WHATSAPP? AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO INCREASE ...indexPub
Adolescent anemia is a global health problem. The ability of adolescents to prevent and treat anemia is directly related to the knowledge and attitudes they possess. This was to determine the effectiveness of education using websites and WhatsApp to increase the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents regarding anemia. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest with control group design. The research was conducted in March and April 2023 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The intervention was a website and WhatsApp education, while the outcome were knowledge and attitude measured at baseline and end line. The study sample was 61 experimental group student and 44 control groups determined by multistage sampling. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann- Whitney tests using SPSS. The results showed that knowledge and attitude of adolescents both in the website and WhatsApp groups increased; knowledge scores in the website group baseline and end line were 90.87 and 95.4, respectively, with a change of 5,1%. While in the WhatsApp group, there were 85.6 and 94.8, with a change of 10.7%. The average pre-test and post-test attitude scores in the website group were 63.8 and 69.3 with a change of 8.6%, while in the WhatsApp group they were 83.3 and 89.1 with a change of 40.6%. The results showed that the increase in knowledge and attitudes in the WhatsApp group was significant: 1.02 (1.00–1.84) and 1.07 (91.01-0.96), respectively. As a conclusion, WhatsApp is more effective in increasing knowledge and attitude compared to website education.
Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programe on Knowledge R...ijtsrd
Reproductive health plays a key role in a woman’s life. According to United Nations Population Fund, good sexual and reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being in all matters relating to the reproductive system. In pre test majority 63.33 of B. SC 1st year student had average knowledge, whereas in the post test 46.66 of student had good knowledge. The mean percentage of post test knowledge score was higher 19.33 when compared with mean percentage of pre test knowledge score 11.33 Post test mean score 19.33 greater than previous test mean 11.33 difference is 8 hence, the research hypothesis H1 is accepted and it was inferred that the mean difference between pre test and post test knowledge score was statistically significant. The computed ‘t’ value t=29 was higher than the table value t29=2.05 at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the research hypothesis H1 is accepted and it was inferred that the mean difference between pre and post test knowledge score was statistically significant. Chi square test reveal that there is no significant association between pre test knowledge and demographic variables of BSc Nursing 1st year students. Ms. Seema Pal | Ms. Sheetal Verma | Ms. Shivani Singh | Ms. Shilpi Dubey | Ms. Shivangi Patel | Ms. Shivangi Rai | Ms. Shivangi Srivastava | Ms. Shivangini Yadav | Ms. Shraddha Yadav | Ms. Shreya Maurya | Ms. Vimlesh Yadav | Ms. Zainab Ansari | Mrs. Jayana Rupjee "Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programe on Knowledge Regarding Reproductive Health" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52417.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/52417/study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programe-on-knowledge-regarding-reproductive-health/ms-seema-pal
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in ...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital
Emannuel Gutaka 1, Martin Odoki 2, Francis Okedi 3 and *Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu4
1Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and Research (KIU-THR), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
2Department of Microbiology, Kampala International University Western Campus (KIU-WC), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
3Department of Surgery, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and research (KIU-THR) , P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
4Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda.
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
In Uganda, only 19% of adolescents utilize adolescents’ reproductive health services yet complications of pregnancy, abortions, and childbirth are the leading cause of disability and death among the same age group. The purpose of this study was to assess factors that were contributing to the low utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services. A quantitative cross-sectional study employed simple random sampling among 85 adolescents that were attending Kampala international university outpatient clinic. Results found out that majority 46(53.4) of adolescents were aged from 15-16 years, 46(53.4%) were male, 28(32.5%) were Catholics most 81(94.1%) were single. 18(36%) had got the information from their friends, 28(56%) of adolescents said that the information about adolescents' reproductive health services was not freely shared in their communities and 33(66%) said that their communities did not accept adolescents sexual reproductive health services where 7(50%) gave a reason they expected to be young to have sexual intercourse. 43(86%) of adolescents were from within 1-5km, 28(73.8%) mentioned lack of privacy at the facility, and 30(79%) said that health workers segregated adolescents that needed similar reproductive health services. In conclusion, factors that were contributing to the low hindering utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services were both demographic, socio-economic, and facility related.
Keywords: Adolescents, Reproductive, Health Services, Uganda.
A Study on the Attitude of Tribal Woman towards Re Productive Healthijtsrd
Reproductive health covers all matters relating to the reproductive system, at all stages of life. Good reproductive health for women begins in childhood and the teen years. Things such as nutrition, environment, education, income level, and cultural practices influence your reproductive health. Good reproductive health benefits the health and well being of our family. It can improve the social and economic situation of you and our family. And most importantly, it can help make sure that every infant is wanted, loved and has a chance to grow up healthy. The present study concludes that 1 4th 59 of the respondents attitude are neutral, 21percent of the respondent’s attitude are positive, and 19percent of the respondent attitude is negative towards sexual and reproductive health. Dr. Agnes Febiola. X | Saranya. S "A Study on the Attitude of Tribal Woman towards Re-Productive Health" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56237.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/other/56237/a-study-on-the-attitude-of-tribal-woman-towards-reproductive-health/dr-agnes-febiola-x
In Africa, the concept of Guidance and Counseling although relatively new in educational systems, has been embraced by most governments. Although most African countries recognize the essential role of organized Guidance and Counseling Programmes, there are limited researches studies conducted to assess the effectiveness of the programmed services being implemented to improve the student’s decision making processes that lead to improved future benefits. Research is yet to identify gender specific strategies to positive psychosexual development in boys and girls that can promote safe reproductive health. A wide spread ignorance on the subject of sex is due to the fact that the subject has been surrounded with mystery and beclouded by dark silence. The result has increased curiosity and desire to acquire more knowledge on this forbidden subject; yet, the people entrusted with the responsibility of educating the adolescents on the subject have not made appropriate information readily available. The study investigated effectiveness of guidance and counselling programmes on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 52 guiding and counselling teachers. A sample of 16 participants was selected using, using 30% of Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) and randomly selected from 52 schools. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights teacher counselling and peer counselling were the most effective strategies in guidance and counselling as compared to students suspension and corporal punishment. More than half of guidance and counselling teachers asserted that schools had inadequate policy and manual procedures and code of ethics and regulation governing sexual behaviour. This paper points at need of guidance and counselling departments to develop policies and manual procedures on sex and relationship education that acts as a reference point to all members of the school. In addition, the Government should set up reproductive health institutions for the youth, promote peer counseling, talks by health providers in schools which has a bearing on students’ performance.
Impact of Peer Educational Programme and Gender on Biology Students’ Knowledg...iosrjce
This paper examined the impact of peer educational programme and gender on Biology students’
knowledge of HIV/AIDS concept in two selected local government area in Ekiti State. The study adopted a
pretest-posttest control group quasi experimental design. The sample consisted of 192 SSS II Biology Students
from four schools randomly selected in Ekiti States. Three instruments used were -Teachers’ Instructional
Guides for: HIV/AIDS Peer Education and Conventional Lecture Method; Biology Science Students’
Knowledge Scale (r=0.80). Three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using
ANCOVA and mean scores. Results showed that Treatment had significant main effect on knowledge (F (2,131)
=32.62, P < .05). Gender had no significant main effect on knowledge (F (2,131) = 1.344, P > .05). (The two-way
interaction effect of treatment and gender was not significant on knowledge (F (2,131) = 1.344, P > .05). peer
education strategy is therefore, recommended to be adopted by Biology teachers and curriculum planners.
Word Count: 158
The negative impacts of adolescent sexuality problems among secondary school ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
This study was conducted to focus on the negative health outcomes related to sexual behaviour in adolescents and young adults attending public school in the Oworonshoki region of Lagos, Nigeria, Africa. Since, there is a relative dearth of knowledge on adolescents who face unique and challenging economics, health and education problems in our society. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence and knowledge towards STD including HIV/AIDS, prevalence of sexual abuse practice/sexual behaviour, family planning awareness and acceptance including abortion practice were sorted out using self structured questionnaires and administered to 60% of student’s population using a stratified random sampling technique. 55.8% lived with both parents. While, 50.3% of the mothers had basic secondary school qualifications, 72.4% of them are traders. 61.5% had sex education were from misinformed friends/peers while 51% had no basic knowledge about sexual behavioral practice and attitude towards STDs/AIDS (HIV). STD has a prevalence of 34 and 41% of boys used condoms for preventing STI/HIV transmission and unwanted pregnancies. One out of every five sexually active teenagers has experienced forced sex, especially among the circumcised girls who were more sexually active than the uncircumcised girls. 60% of girls between ages of 12 and 18 years had more than one unsafe abortion with severe vaginal bleeding (haemorrhage) as the chief complication. However, 65% of the girls did abortion for fear of leaving school and financial hardship as the reasons.
College Students' Attitude towards Premarital Sex: Implication for Guidance a...AJSERJournal
In many African countries, discussing sexuality still remains a taboo, despite the increasing number of
sexual activities among college students. The study sought to find out college students attitude towards premarital sex
and the implication of guidance and counselling. It was guided by the social learning theory. Using a descriptive survey
design data was collected through personally delivered questionnaire to 452 students who were randomly selected
from middle level colleges in Nakuru County. The questionnaire was validated through piloting in one college outside
Nakuru. Reliability coefficient for questionnaire was estimated through test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha stood
at R=84. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data. Study findings indicate that 258 or 57% of the
respondents were liberal about premarital sex and viewed it as a normal act that should not attract criticism. A total of
194 or 43% were conservative and believed that it is against the norms of society and the teachings of the church.
Factors associated with premarital sex, include love, peer pressure, drug abuse and economic factors. Counselling was
seen as the best strategic to handle sex issues, but was not effective due to stigma associated with premarital sex. The
study recommended the college administrators step up strategies to supervise both the social and academic life of the
students. By providing them with information, to make informed consent on sexual matters.
This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to investigate the potential of digital online game-based learning (DOGBL) to enhance motivation in English as a foreign language (EFL). Online gaming has grown in popularity among students, opening up the possibility of using games as powerful instructional resources. Academic achievement depends on motivation, and this study, led by self-determination theory (SDT), explored how external rules, like rewards and recognition, could increase motivation in EFL utilizing DOGBL. The study used the SLR method, examining databases and choosing articles based on predetermined criteria. The chosen publications were examined in-depth, and a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) diagram was employed for analysis. For results, DOGBL could enhance teaching EFL by providing flexible and interesting learning environments. Key elements in motivating in DOGBL included game design, personalization, social engagement, curricular integration, and instructor assistance. As a promising method to improve EFL instruction, game-based learning, especially DOGBL, saw considerable developments between 2018 and 2023. Thus, these ground-breaking techniques transformed the way people learn English vocabulary and provided a fun and engaging way to learn the language. For educators and students, the potential for DOGBL to change EFL education is still exciting as technology develops.
The development of postmodern-era technology in the world of education is increasingly sophisticated, thus impacting the character of students and their social environment. Technological progress negatively affects the lives of today's generation. When misuse of technology is widespread, it is imperative to strengthen cultural and religious filtration. So that the influence of globalization on technological development can be minimized. So as not to damage the cultural values and morality of students as the next generation of the nation. This study aims to explain the importance of transforming the values of Bima's local wisdom "Nggusu Waru" through the media of social studies e-books. The results and conclusions of this study are efforts to develop students' social character that require teacher collaboration, supervision, and optimal parental attention so that their interest in learning is higher and minimizes deviant behavior. This research method uses research and development design. At the stage of preliminary studies with models developed by Borg and Gall. Through several stages of research, information gathering, development of initial forms of products, and initial field testing. In this step, data is collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The data is analyzed to find out some of its weaknesses and shortcomings.
This research investigated the pre-service teachers’ self-regulation, selfefficacy, and mathematics performance in blended learning during the post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a state university using a descriptive correlational design. There were 201 pre-service teachers who were identified using simple random sampling. They answered the two-set survey questionnaire, which assessed their self-regulation and self-efficacy, while their performances were assessed using their grades in the subject. The data gathered were treated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that they had high self-regulation while they had a very high level of self-efficacy. At the same time, they had a very satisfactory performance in mathematics. Moreover, their self-regulation in terms of planning, monitoring, and adjusting was significantly correlated with their math performance while reflecting is not. However, no significant relationship was found between their self-efficacy and mathematics performance. Thus, instructors are encouraged to conduct monitoring during blended learning to encourage pre-service teachers to maintain their high level of self-regulation and self-efficacy in learning mathematics. In addition, future researchers may explore the same variables to validate the findings of the study because these findings are limited only to pre-service teachers and were conducted during the post COVID-19 pandemic.
This study explores the correlation between technology utilization and language acquisition while analyzing the impact of moderating variables on this relation. Our meta-analysis approach analyzes data from 43 extracts out of 19 primary studies published between 2012 and 2021. Our data analysis employs a random-effect model utilizing a significance level of α = 0.05. Additionally, the authors examine four moderating variables: level of education, location of research, proficiency in language, and year of publication. Technology-based language acquisition outperforms traditional methods, indicating a significant and moderate impact on the learning process. This study enhances comprehension of the efficacy of technology in language acquisition by identifying various factors, such as the geographical location of research, methods of assessing language proficiency, and technology type employed. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the notion that educational level or sample size significantly impact technology-based language acquisition. This meta-analysis highlights the importance of considering nuanced factors when integrating technology into language learning. The findings emphasize the possibility of technology to transform methods of acquiring language and urge additional investigation into customized strategies that optimize its advantages.
Effective science instruction in a blended learning approach is synonymous with the strategic use of instructional videos (IVs) to fill the gap in teacher support. This study aims to determine the IVs’ effectiveness in improving students' concept retention and overall learning experiences. The experimental group was exposed to instruction integrating IVs via embedded mixed-method design, whereas the control group was exposed to traditional lecture methods. The results showed that students' post-test scores and concept retention improved significantly in the experimental group, where students reported better learning experiences than in the control group. This beneficial effect of a technology-integrated approach can be attributed to various elements of IVs, such as engaging content, motion graphics, video length, the language used, and the speaker's perspective. This study recommends that IVs be used to enhance learning opportunities and results in the teaching and learning process.
Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) are an important element in facing the challenges of the 21 st-century. Difficulty in solving problems systematically, facing challenges in an organized manner, and being unable to design original solutions are due to the low HOTS that students have. HOTS ability can improve students who low-level thinking skills in several ways, for example, through learning integrated with media, practice, and assessment or HOTS-based cognitive assessment. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a HOTS-based cognitive assessment to assess students' HOTS abilities. The device development model used is an adaptation of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The research sample consisted of 30 students in class 11 of the Governance and Office Automation Competency Program of Vocational High School 1 Kudus. The result is that 11 students have the HOTS ability with very good criteria, 17 well criteria, and 2 enough criteria. This study suggests that a test instrument for further research is to measure students' HOTS ability. The Experts conclude that HOTS-based cognitive assessment can be used as an approach to improve students' HOTS to actively think selectively and supported by logical argumentation.
The background of this research is the need for teacher innovation in developing digital-based learning media in Indonesian language learning. The research method used is research and development (R&D) with the analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model, which consists of five research stages: analysis, planning, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques are questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation that present the results regarding innovation, features, applications, and the impact of using the benkangen game in learning Indonesian in elementary school. The subjects of this study were 25 teachers from 25 elementary schools, and 66 students from 10 elementary schools in Magelang district and Magelang city. The results showed innovation in the development of game applications based on Magelang local wisdom with game features in the form of puzzles of Magelang culture and local wisdom, Indonesian language learning materials packaged in the form of questions accompanied by the number of points in each answer, and audio that reflects local wisdom in Central Java. The novelty of this research is the development of the benkangen game based on Magelang local wisdom, which still needs to be developed by teachers in Indonesia. Future research needs to explore the innovation of Indonesian language learning games through the latest software.
The specific processes, techniques, and actions that learners take to facilitate their language learning have been widely explored under the concept of language learning strategies (LLS); however, more exploration is needed about recent investigations in this area, as calls for new theorization of strategies research have emerged. This systematic literature review aimed at exploring the prevailing research methodologies and educational settings appertaining to LLS in English as foreign language (EFL) contexts. The study analyzed 42 articles published from 2017 to 2023 in journals in the field of social sciences in the Scopus and ERIC databases. The findings show how non-intervention quantitative approaches are predominant in LLS research, occasionally accompanied by qualitative data collection methods. Accordingly, most research has favored descriptive and correlational designs, identifying the relationships between the use of strategies and variables such as language proficiency, demographic aspects, motivation, and self-regulation. Grounded on the revision of existing evidence, this article advises future strategy-based research to focus on primary and secondary levels of education, strategy instruction, cultural aspects, and qualitative research designs.
This study aimed to i) analyse learning problems in science at boarding schools for junior high school students and ii) determine the effectiveness of science learning in the context of Islamic teachings using the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, -religion (STEM-R) approach to improve reflective and critical thinking skills. The research method applied in this study was a sequential exploratory mixed method. The research design consisted of five stages: i) qualitative data gathering, ii) qualitative data analysis, iii) quantitative data gathering, iv) quantitative data analysis, and v) data interpretation. The subjects of this study were 192 students from boarding schools and were divided into 6 groups. The research results obtained were the school, parents, science teachers and religion teachers’ vision and mission causing students to like or dislike science. An excellent teacher is viewed by students as someone who can make learning enjoyable, exhibit creativity in presenting educational material, possess the ability to motivate, link science and religion, engage in investigative activities, infuse humour, establish connections between science and everyday life, and communicate concepts effectively. Moreover, distinctions in reflective thinking and critical thinking abilities were observed between the experimental group and the control group. Learning that connects science and Islamic religion and examines STEM-R aspects is able to develop students' thinking skills.
This study aims to reveal the profile of open-start problem-solving with ethnomathematics regarding student learning styles. This research is a qualitative research study on 3 out of 31 students of Junior High School of 3 Magetan taken by purposive sampling. The three students carried out four stages: understanding the problem, planning problem-solving strategies, implementing problem-solving strategies, and reviewing again. The results of the research show that students with a visual learning style solve problems by understanding problems through writing known and being asked and drawing illustrations, planning problem-solving strategies by making examples, carrying out solving strategies by working on the calculation process; students with an auditory learning style solve problems by understanding problems through writing known and being asked, planning strategies by making problems and formulating formulas used, implementing solutions by doing calculations and reviewing; students with a kinesthetic learning style solve problems by understanding issues through writing known and being asked, making examples and writing the formulas used, carrying out solving strategies by applying the calculation process and reviewing the results obtained. However, of the three styles, the results of the accepted work were not correct because they did not write down the conclusions and were not thorough enough.
The volunteer function inventory (VFI) is an assessment tool to measure individual volunteer motivation. VFI measures individual motivation to volunteer by examining the functional motives of each volunteer. This research aimed to adapt the VFI to the Indonesian language. VFI consists of 30 items divided into five dimensions. This study utilized a non-experimental quantitative research method. Samples were acquired by accidental random sampling with N = 176. In this study, reliability testing was carried out with items and dimensions of Cronbach's α. Validity tests were examined using construct validity and item analysis. The results of the Indonesian version of VFI showed high reliability and validity. Besides, the item analysis also shows that the quality of each item is excellent. The Indonesian version of VFI will be suitable for various education fields in Indonesia to measure the students' voluntary willingness in community development activities, for example, in measuring the impact of volunteerism in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) social activities and other activities within the communities.
Digital history-based project-based learning (PjBL) in history learning is a learning medium that can provide a special attraction for students who can improve historical concept skills and historical awareness. However, there are still many teachers who have not used it, so it is very important to study it. This research aims to analyze the influence of the digital history based PJBL model in improving historical concept skills and historical awareness. The method used is quasi-experimental with two classes, experimental and control. The population used class XI high school students in Lampung, Indonesia and the sample size was 213. Cluster random sampling was used to determine sampling, while data collection was in the form of test instruments. The test instrument questions were analyzed using the gain score and Kruskal-Walli’s test to determine the increase in historical concept skills and historical awareness with the help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 26. The research results confirmed that digital history based PjBL was effective in increasing historical concept skills and historical awareness with a high score, making it the best choice to overcome obstacles in history learning.
This study aims to determine how using an active learning model based on the three higher education principles can improve students' active learning. Qualitative research methods were applied in this study, with data collection through interviews, literature study, and observation. The results showed that active learning based on the three higher education principles was included in the "good" or "acceptable" category. The application of this model can make this campus a place with a positive academic atmosphere that enhances and supports collaboration, discussion, and positive and critical thinking. The novelty of this research lies in the use of active learning with mini-research projects, which are developed based on university principles and embody it. The hope is that this can help solve problems in the student learning process at the State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The expected implication is that the university's policy supports applying the model to resolve learning problems and build real scientists for students.
Integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in teacher education is a means to support the teaching and learning process. Good teaching by utilizing technology certainly requires changes, especially in the realm of pedagogy, but teachers apparently do not have enough ability to optimize ICT in the learning process. In fact, ICT has the potential to provide various benefits for teachers and students, including joint learning areas, cooperative and collaborative learning opportunities. Therefore, this research aims to identify the use of mobile learning application (MLA) and its impact as a form of ICT integration in learning. The method used is literature study, by taking data from various relevant scientific articles and books. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis from the results of the synthesis of several literature reviews obtained. The research results show that a number of 10 main articles and 15 relevant supporting articles as well as several book sources show that mobile-based learning with smartphone devices is becoming a trend at various levels of education, both academic and vocational.
Incorporating ethnoscience into lessons through the ethnoscience-students’ worksheet (ESW) is one method to improve student interest in science learning while introducing them to the local culture. However, no research was reported the effects of ESW on students' responses and the factors that influence ESW implementation in science learning. In order to better understand how students learn through ESW, this study investigated the relationship between ethnoscience context, science learning, and the implementation of students’ worksheets. Seventy-two students participated in the survey after they studied ethnoscience learning through ESW. Students’ responses are more influenced by science learning. In addition, the ethnoscience-integrated students’ worksheets (SW) variable indirectly affects students’ responses. Additionally, ESW affects students' responses more significantly than science learning and ethnoscience. This research provides insightful implications for educators on planning, designing, and practicing ESW to enhance students’ problem-solving motivation and academic achievement. Furthermore, to contribute significantly to future researchers, further research employed the structural equation model through covariance analysis, also known as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
This research aimed to assess the readiness of Indonesian pre-service science teachers by examining their perceptions of impending challenges, desired competencies, and anticipated instructional methodologies in preparing for the challenges of Society 5.0. Using a quantitative survey research methodology, 884 pre-service science teachers from 16 universities were surveyed. The research instrument's validity and reliability were assessed utilizing the Rasch model. Inferential statistics were employed to assess the readiness of pre-service science teachers for future challenges, taking into account their backgrounds. The test outcomes showed the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient reached 0.92, is deemed "excellent", affirming the instrument's high reliability. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of teachers share a consistent perception of future challenges and recognize the importance of mastering 21st-century skills, particularly critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration. However, respondents believe that the current learning process does not adequately train these skills. They expressed a desire for an alternative learning method that can enhance their skills while accommodating their diverse backgrounds, including place of residence, economic background, and technological proficiency. Further research is needed to identify alternative teaching methods that can effectively foster these abilities in diverse backgrounds.
The issue of psychological well-being in education has emerged as an increasingly critical topic in recent years. This is due to the significance of psychological well-being in enhancing the performance of e ducational institutions, encompassing students, teachers, and the process of formulating school policies. This study sought to discover recent research on psychological well-being from an academic perspective. A total of 27 research articles were successfully gathered and reviewed based on the established criteria. This article review was conducted utilizing two databases (SCOPUS and WoS) and the following keywords: "psychological well-being" combined with "AND" and other search terms such as "school", "teacher", and "student". This systematic review offers a synthesis of results that can serve as the initial step in developing constructs of psychological well-being in educational institutions, thus implying the importance of psychological well-being for teachers and students. The results of the analysis from this systematic literature review have been discussed and concluded in this study.
This study aims to investigate Indonesian senior high school teachers’ perceptions of using the first language (L1) when teaching English because Indonesian teachers tend to have negative perceptions toward the application of the L1, while the L1 is needed in a situation where Indonesian students have limited skills in English. The semi-structured interview was applied to collect data, while thematic analysis was used to analyse it. The result showed that the teachers have three different positions in perceiving the use of the L1: the virtual position, maximal, and optimal positions. Although they have different perceptions toward the application of the L1, a major insight can be concluded about the limited use of the L1 for specific reasons, such as considering teachers’ and students’ English abilities, learners’ needs, and the type and the difficulty of the given task or assignment. The L1 can be functioned as scaffolding in three aspects: when teaching grammar, vocabulary, and when giving instructions. Teachers may consider this study’s results as the information to use the L1 in classrooms. This may also be beneficial for Indonesian educational stakeholders and the government to specifically define what type of scaffolding that teachers can use the L1 to teach English.
The Smile project is an engineering service-learning initiative carried out through collaboration between Chouaib Doukkali University in Morocco and Pusan National University in South Korea. Since 2016, this project has been conducted annually for engineering students from both universities. Participants are selected through an oral interview, ensuring representation from different majors, years, and genders. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the project transitioned to an online mode starting from 2020. The objective of this article is to investigate the impact of the service-learning approach on learning and its potential for enhancing engineering education. This study aims to compare the face-to-face and online implementations of the Smileproject as examples of this educational approach. The analysis demonstrates a strong positive effect of engineering service-learning as a learning approach, leading to the improvement of engineering students' skills and competencies. Notably, there is minimal difference between the two implementation modes of this learning approach.
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Improving knowledge and attitude towards child marriage prevention among senior high school students
1. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)
Vol. 17, No. 3, August 2023, pp. 354~364
ISSN: 2089-9823 DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v17i3.20763 354
Journal homepage: http://edulearn.intelektual.org
Improving knowledge and attitude towards child marriage
prevention among senior high school students
Niken Meilani1,
Nanik Setiyawati1
, Siti Rofi’ah2
, Tuti Sukini2
1
Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2
Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Nov 23, 2022
Revised Apr 09, 2023
Accepted May 28, 2023
The rate of child marriage worldwide reaches 21%. Indonesia was the 37th
country with the second-highest percentage of child marriages in ASEAN.
Adolescent knowledge and attitudes affect behavior in child marriages.
Therefore, educational media is needed to increase knowledge and form
positive attitudes in adolescents related to the maturation of age marriage.
This study was to determine the effect of video on the knowledge and
attitudes of adolescents about the maturation of age marriage. This research
used a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design carried out in
April-October 2022. The experimental group was given treatment through an
educational video and the control group using a pocketbook. High school
student was the population. Sampling technique was employed, involving
120 respondents for both groups. The research instrument used was a
questionnaire which has been tested. Data analysis using statistical test
software. In the video group, the mean difference test results for the level of
knowledge were p=0.000 and attitude was p=0.006. In the pocketbook
group, the level of knowledge was p=0.003 and attitude was p=0.314.
Educational video is an effective method to improve adolescents’ knowledge
and attitude about the maturation of age marriage. It can be used to prevent
child marriage among adolescents.
Keywords:
Adolescent
Child marriage
Educational video
Marriage
Maturation
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Niken Meilani
Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta
Mangkuyudan Street MJ III/304, Mantrijeron, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Email: niken.meilani@poltekkesjogja.ac.id
1. INTRODUCTION
Early marriage or child marriage is a marriage performed under the age of 18 years. The rate of
early marriage is still high in the world, reaching 21%. In absolute calculations as many as 12 million cases
of child marriage in the world every year [1]. In Indonesia, in 2018 child marriages aged less than 18 years
occurred in 1 of 9 girls. Women aged 20-24 years who married before the age of 18 in 2018 were estimated
to reach around 1,220,900. This figure places Indonesia as the 10th country with the highest absolute number
of child marriages in the world [2].
Early marriage is associated with various problems related to reproductive health. Several studies
explain that early marriage is associated with unwanted pregnancies. Several studies in a number of South
Asian countries, including Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, have shown a direct link between early marriage
and unwanted pregnancies [3]. Active sex in adolescents is at risk of unwanted pregnancy in adolescents
which is one of the causes of adolescent marriage. The related factors with premarital sex behavior were
boyfriend status, pornographic exposure and peer influence [4]. Access to pornography is also done mostly
by teenage boys, which is 53.6% [5].
2. J Edu & Learn ISSN: 2089-9823
Improving knowledge and attitude towards child marriage prevention among … (Niken Meilani)
355
Boys stated that they had more premarital sex than girls. The male respondents explained that the
reason was curiosity (57.5%) and the female respondents (38%) stated that it just happened. This reflects the
lack of understanding of adolescent reproductive health and adolescent attitudes about life skills and marriage
planning that are not yet good [5], [6]. Unwanted pregnancy was associated with a woman’s age <20 years.
This confirms that unwanted pregnancies are associated with adolescent women and can lead to child
marriage [7]. Mothers who experienced unwanted pregnancies had a 1.79 chance of not having prenatal care
compared to those who had wanted pregnancies [8]. Child marriage increases the risk of maternal death and
complications during the pregnancy to the postpartum period for this adolescent mother. Mothers giving birth
who are too young also usually have poor nutritional status and will affect the babies born. Furthermore,
the danger of cervical cancer, maternal and infant health, and poverty in families because of not well
prepared [9].
The Constitution No. 16 in 2019 which is an amendment to Constitution No. 1 in 1974, article 7
states that marriage is only permitted if a man and woman have reached the age of 19 years. That is one of
the government’s efforts to prevent child marriage. In addition, it is also necessary to promote and prevent
child marriage with programs related to the maturing age of marriage. One of the programs related to the
maturation of age marriage is aimed at increasing knowledge, especially for young women, informing and
introducing family life in schools and families, as well as creating public awareness and empowering women
to be able to make the right decisions when to marry and have children. That program also becomes one of
the effective ways to change adolescent attitudes about early marriage. Providing information is very
important in increasing knowledge and forming positive attitudes of adolescents toward child marriage The
better a person’s knowledge, the more likely they are to have a positive attitude [10].
The method in increasing knowledge and attitudes in several studies that are considered cost-
effective and easy to use is video. A study on the effectiveness of video proved to be effective in increasing
students’ knowledge and attitudes about reproductive health. Video is one of the technology-based
educational literacy media that is easy to make but has a big role. Video information about health is also an
effective health promotion strategy [11]. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of video media
on the level of knowledge and attitudes of adolescents about the maturation of age marriage.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
The study was conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia from April to October 2022. This research was a
quantitative study using a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design. The respondents divided
into two treatment groups, the first group was the experiment group, while the second group was the control
group. The variables studied were the provision of information or treatment, the level of knowledge and
attitudes of adolescents about the maturation of age marriage.
The population of this study were high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The sample size
was calculated using the mean difference hypothesis test formula with 50 samples minimum for each group.
The selection of the sample was by determining the sampling area, namely by drawing two high school from
the total high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia as the treatment group. The number of high school study
groups in this study were 30 students. Therefore, each treatment group consisted of 60 students consisting of
two study groups. The number of samples for the experiment group and the control group was 120 students.
The sample inclusion criteria were students who were willing to be respondents and were willing to be
treated with parental consent.
The type of data needed in this study was the primary data. Data were obtained from respondents
through filling out the same questionnaire during pretest (before treatment) and post-test (after treatment).
The questionnaire has been tested for validity and reliability by researchers. The treatment instruments were
educational video in the experimental group and pocketbooks in the control group. Videos and books were
divided into four series. The material of each series was: i) When is the right times to get married?; ii) What
do we need to prepare before getting married?; iii) What are the effects of early marriage?; and iv) How to
improve self-esteem and self-efficacy to maturing age of marriage?
Data analysis was conducted using non-parametric and parametric statistical analysis. The
assumption tested before analysis were the normality test and homogenity test. Data analyzed by statistical
testing software. Ethical clearance of this research has been approved by the Health Research Ethics
Committee of the Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta with the number e-KEPK/POLKESYO/0358/IV/2022.
3. ISSN: 2089-9823
J Edu & Learn, Vol. 17, No. 3, August 2023: 354-364
356
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. RESULT
The adolescents’ age was 15-19 years. There was an increasing prevalence of good knowledge
levels and positive attitudes towards maturing age of marriage after treatment in both groups. There was a
significant difference in knowledge level scores and attitudes after being given educational video media. In
the pocketbooks group, there was a significant difference in knowledge level.
This research respondents were senior high school students in XI class. The total number of students
was 120 students. Respondents’ characteristic based on age, gender, family income, parental education,
access to social media, and source of information about reproductive health were described in Table 1. The
age range in each group was 15-19 years. The age of students in the study was in the adolescent age range.
The age range in the experiment group was 15-19 years. The age of students in the control group was 15-18
years. It was in the adolescent age range.
The educational level of the student’s fathers in the experiment group and the control group showed
that most of them graduated from secondary education (50%). The percentage occupies the highest level of
father education in both groups. This can also be seen in the education percentage of students’ mothers where
secondary education is the highest level of education in both groups (68.3%).
The social media access, almost all of the students access more than four types of social media.
Students in this research got information about reproductive health from various sources. Based on the source
of information, the majority of the student’s received information from more than four sources. The internet
was the biggest source of information about reproductive health for adolescents in both groups. A source of
information is anything that can be used to convey information from sender to receiver.
Table 1. Characteristics of respondent
Characteristics
Experiment group Control group
n % n %
Age Min
Max
Mean
15 years old
19 years old
16 years old
15 years old
18 years old
16 years old
Gender Male
Female
27
33
45
55
21
39
35
65
Father’s education level Basic
Middle
High
4
30
26
6.7
50
43.3
4
30
26
6.7
50
43.3
Mother’s education level Basic
Middle
High
3
41
16
5
68.3
26.7
3
41
16
5
68.3
26.7
Access to social media > four social medias
< four social medias
47
13
78.3
21.7
44
16
73.3
26.7
Kind of social media
Facebook
Instagram
YouTube
TikTok
Twitter
SnapChat
WhatsApp
Telegram
22
60
53
49
37
12
59
42
36.7
100
88.3
81.7
61.7
20.0
98.3
70.0
30
58
52
51
36
12
59
43
50.0
96.7
86.7
85.0
60.0
20.0
98.3
71.7
Information sources about reproductive health > four sources
< four sources
36
24
60
40
31
29
51.7
48.3
Kind of information source
Mother
Father
Teacher
Friend
Internet
Print media
Mass media
Healthcare provider
48
28
42
43
54
9
30
38
80.0
46.7
70.0
71.7
90.0
15.0
50.0
63.3
41
11
43
43
48
11
24
41
68.3
18.3
71.7
71.7
80.0
18.3
40.0
68.3
3.1.1. Relationship of respondents’ characteristics with knowledge level and attitude towards the
maturation of age marriage
The relationship of characteristics with the knowledge level and attitudes was tested at the bivariate
analysis stage. The statistical test of the relationship was carried out with the chi-square test. If the
requirements for using the chi-square test cannot be met, the Fisher Exact test is used. In Table 2, the
4. J Edu & Learn ISSN: 2089-9823
Improving knowledge and attitude towards child marriage prevention among … (Niken Meilani)
357
relationship of characteristics with the knowledge level and attitude towards the maturation of age marriage
were evaluated and presented.
Table 2. Relationship of respondents’ characteristics with knowledge level and attitudes
Characteristics
Knowledge level Attitude
Good Poor
p-value
Positive Negative
p-value
n % n % n % n %
Group
Video
Pocketbooks
Total
40
47
87
66.7
78.3
72.5
20
13
33
33.3
21.7
27.5
0.152
31
30
61
51.7
50.0
50.8
29
30
59
48.3
50.0
49.2
0.855
Gender
Male
Female
Total
29
58
87
60.4
80.6
72.5
19
14
33
39.6
19.4
27.5
*0.016
17
44
61
35.4
61.1
50.8
31
28
59
64.6
38.9
49.2
*0.006
Social media access
> four social medias
< four social medias
Total
65
22
87
71.4
75.9
72.5
26
7
33
28.6
24.1
27.5
0.641
45
16
61
49.5
55.2
50.8
46
13
59
50.5
44.8
49.2
0.591
Source of information
> four sources
< four sources
Total
Kind of information source
51
36
87
76.1
67.9
72.5
16
17
33
23.9
32.1
27.5
0.318
38
23
61
56.7
43.4
50.8
29
30
59
43.3
56.6
49.2
0.147
Mother
Yes
No
Total
70
17
87
78.7
54.8
72.5
19
14
33
21.3
45.2
27.5
*0.011
47
14
61
52.8
45.2
50.8
42
17
59
47.2
54.8
49.2
0.463
Father
Yes
No
Total
31
56
87
79.5
69.1
72.5
8
25
33
20.5
30.9
27.5
0.234
22
39
61
56.4
48.1
50.8
17
42
59
43.6
51.9
49.2
0.396
Teacher
Yes
No
Total
62
25
87
72.9
71.4
72.5
23
10
33
27.1
28.6
27.5
0.866
45
16
61
52.9
45.7
50.8
40
19
59
47.1
54.3
49.2
0.472
Friend
Yes
No
Total
62
25
87
72.1
73.5
72.5
24
9
33
27.9
26.5
27.5
0.874
47
14
61
54.7
41.2
50.8
39
20
59
45.3
58.8
49.2
0.183
Internet
Yes
No
Total
72
15
87
70.6
83.3
72.5
30
3
33
29.4
16.7
27.5
0.392
53
8
61
52.0
44.4
50.8
49
10
59
48.0
55.6
49.2
0.556
Print media
Yes
No
Total
14
73
87
70.0
73.0
72.5
6
27
33
30.0
27.0
27.5
0.784
12
49
61
60.0
49.0
50.8
8
51
59
40.0
51.0
49.2
0.369
Mass media
Yes
No
Total
40
47
87
74.1
71.2
72.5
14
19
33
25.9
28.8
27.5
0.727
33
28
61
61.1
42.4
50.8
21
38
59
38.9
57.6
49.2
*0.042
Healthcare provider
Yes
No
Total
59
28
87
74.7
68.3
72.5
20
13
33
25.3
31.7
27.5
0.457
39
22
61
49.4
53.7
50.8
40
19
59
50.6
46.3
49.2
0.656
The results showed that gender was associated with knowledge level with a p-value of 0.016. The
percentage of female students who have good knowledge reaches 80.6%. Male students who have good
knowledge were 60.4%. Female students have a higher percentage of having a good level of knowledge.
Students who got information about reproductive health from mothers have a higher percentage of having a
good level of knowledge. The students who received information from their mothers had a good level of
knowledge with a percentage of 78.7%. The provision of reproductive health information by mothers is
related to the knowledge level of adolescents about the maturation of marriage age with a p-value of 0.011.
Table 2 shows that students’ attitudes towards the maturation of age marriage were related to gender
and sources of reproductive health information. Student attitudes related to gender (p=0.006). A total of
61.6% of female students have a positive attitude. Meanwhile, only 35.4% of male students have a positive
attitude toward the maturation of age marriage. The students who received information about reproductive
5. ISSN: 2089-9823
J Edu & Learn, Vol. 17, No. 3, August 2023: 354-364
358
health from the mass media had a positive attitude with a percentage of 61.1%. The provision of reproductive
health information through mass media was also associated with positive attitudes of adolescents. Statistical
test results showed p-value=0.042.
3.1.2. Adolescents’ knowledge level and attitude towards the maturation of age marriage before and
after treatment
The knowledge level and attitudes about the maturation of age marriage in the pretest and post-test
of both groups were divided into two categories. The first category for knowledge level was good knowledge
level for >76% of rights answers. The second category was poor knowledge level for less than 76% of rights
answers. The first category for attitude was the positive attitude for > mean score. The second category was
negative attitudes for less than the mean score. Table 3 shows the statistical data about knowledge levels and
attitudes before and after being given the treatment of each group.
Table 3. Knowledge level and attitudes before and after being given the video in the experiment group and
pocketbooks in the control group
Variables
Pretest Post-test
n=60 % n=60 %
Experiment group
Knowledge level
Good
Poor
40
20
66.7
33.3
52
8
86.7
13.3
Attitude
Positive
Nagetive
31
29
51.7
48.3
32
28
53.3
46.7
Control group
Knowledge level
Good
Poor
47
13
78.3
21.7
54
6
90
10
Attitude
Positive
Negative
30
30
50
50
35
25
58.3
41.7
Our finding in Table 3, it can be seen that adolescents in the control group before being treated as
much as 78.3% had a level of knowledge in the good category while after being treated with education
through pocketbooks, the knowledge level of adolescents in the good category increased by 90%. Based on
the attitude assessment, 50% of adolescents before being given treatment had a positive attitude toward the
maturation of age marriage. After being given treatment, adolescents who had a positive attitude showed an
increase of 58.3%.
3.1.3. The effect of video on adolescents’ knowledge level and attitudes about the maturation of age
marriage
Differences in the knowledge level and attitudes of adolescents toward the maturation of age
marriage before and after treatment were known in this study. The homogenity test was described in Table 4.
It was also carried out first for both research groups.
Table 4. Test of the homogenity
Measured variables Sig. Conclusion
Pretest knowledge 0.153 Homogeneous
Posttest knowledge 0.975 Homogeneous
Pretest attitude 0.760 Homogeneous
Posttets attitude 0.296 Homogeneous
Differences in the level of knowledge on the maturation of marriage age were tested with the
Wilcoxon test. The distribution of the data was not normal. In the attitude category with normal data
distribution, it was tested with a paired sample t-test. The statistical test results can be seen in Table 5.
6. J Edu & Learn ISSN: 2089-9823
Improving knowledge and attitude towards child marriage prevention among … (Niken Meilani)
359
Table 5. Effect of video and pocketbooks on knowledge level and attitudes
Variables Mean Mean difference p-value
Knowledge level
Experiment Pretest 79.83
8.10 *0.000
Post-test 87.93
Control Pretest 83.12
6.08 *0.003
Post-test 89.20
Attitude
Experiment Pretest 79.15
3.41 *0.006
Post-test 82.56
Control Pretest 81.53
0.95 0.314
Post-test 82.48
The average score of adolescents’ knowledge level at the pretest or before treatment in the
experiment group was 79.83 while the average post-test score or after treatment was 87.93. The difference in
the average value of the pretest and post-test knowledge levels for the experiment group was 8.10. The
results of the statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.000 which indicates that there was a significant difference
in the value of the adolescents’ knowledge level about the maturation of age marriage between before and
after treatment with video media education.
Based on Table 5, the mean score of adolescents’ attitudes during the pretest in the experiment
group was 79.15 while the mean score increased by 82.56 during the post-test. The difference in the mean
pretest and post-test attitude scores for the experiment group was 3.41. Statistical test results obtained a p-
value of 0.006 which indicates that there was a significant difference in attitude values before and after
treatment with video media education. The provision of education through videos has an effect on increasing
the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents about the maturation of age marriage.
The mean score of the adolescents’ knowledge level at the pretest in the control group was 83.12
while the mean post-test score increased to 89.20. The difference in the mean score of the pretest and post-
test knowledge levels for the control group was 6.08. The results of the statistical test obtained a p-value of
0.003 which indicates that there was a significant difference in the value of the level of knowledge about the
maturation of marriageable age before and after treatment with pocketbooks education. Providing education
through pocketbooks has an effect on increasing knowledge about the maturation of age marriage.
Our findings also suggest that the average value of adolescents’ attitudes during the pretest in the
control group was 81.53 while the average post-test score actually increased by an average of 82.48. The
difference in the mean pretest and post-test attitudes for the control group was 0.95. Statistical test results
obtained a p-value of 0.314 which indicates that there was no significant difference in the mean score of
attitudes toward the maturation of age marriage before and after treatment with pocketbooks.
3.1.4. Factors influencing the adolescents’ knowledge level and attitudes about the maturation of age
marriage
The variables with p-value<0.25 were analyzed for multivariate analysis. Logistic regression was
used for multivariate analysis. The final results of the multivariate analysis were presented in table 6. The
final results of the analysis in Table 6 shows that the provision of educational media through videos and the
existence of information about reproductive health from mothers affect the knowledge level of adolescents
regarding the maturation of age marriage.
Table 6. The final model of factor analysis on knowledge level and attitudes about the maturation of
age marriage
Variable B Sig. Exp (B)
95% CI
Lower Upper
Knowledge level
Video intervention 0.809 0.069 0.445 0.186 1.064
Mother’s source of information 1.274 0.006 3.676 1.435 8.912
Constant 0.512 0.209 1.669 - -
Attitude
Gender -996 0.011 0.370 0.171 0.797
Mass media as source of information 0.677 0.079 1.967 0.925 4.185
Constant 0.126 0.676 1.135 - -
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The source of information from the mother about reproductive health was the dominant factor that
affects the knowledge level of adolescents about the maturation of age marriage p=0.006 (OR 3.68; 95% CI
1.435-8.912). Adolescents who were given information by mothers about reproductive health were 3.7 times
more likely to have a good knowledge level toward maturing age of marriage. Adolescent gender and the
existence of information about reproductive health from the mass media influence adolescents’ attitudes
regarding the maturation of age marriage.
3.2. DISCUSSION
3.2.1. Respondents’ characteristics
The age range in each group was 15-19 years. It was in the adolescent age range. According to the
World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is a phase of change from childhood to adulthood from the
10-19 years. This phase is uniquely related to human development and an essential period for laying the
foundation for healthy behavior [12]. The majority of students were females.
The educational level of the student’s fathers and mothers in the experiment group and the control
group showed that most of them graduated from secondary education. The social media access, almost all of
the student access more than four types of social media. Adolescents are active users of social media [13].
Social media is one of the effective media to provide health information but it can also have a negative
impact if not controlled [14]. All of the adolescents in experiment group were accessed Instagram. The other
media social that was most accessed by adolescents in the experiment group were WhatsApp and YouTube.
In the control group, WhatsApp and Instagram were also the most accessed social media.
Students in this research got information about reproductive health from various sources. Based on
the source of information, the majority of the students received information from more than four sources. The
internet was the biggest source of information about reproductive health for adolescents in both groups. A
source of information is anything that can be used to convey information from sender to receiver. Internet
and social media are like a double-edged sword, they can be used as access to information but also become
an issue of pornography, provocation, unsafe sex, bullying, and other risky behavior if it’s done without
parental supervision. Social media has a particular effect on sexual behavior in adolescents [14].
3.2.2. Relationship of respondents’ characteristics with knowledge level and attitude towards the
maturation of age marriage
Gender was associated with knowledge level with a p-value of 0.016. Female students have a higher
percentage of having a good level of knowledge (80.6%). This is in line with a study in 2020 that adolescent
girls have a good level of knowledge about the maturation of marriage age [15]. Students got information
about reproductive health from various sources. Students who got information about reproductive health from
mothers have a higher proportion of having a good level of knowledge (78.7%). The provision of
reproductive health information by mothers was related to the knowledge level of adolescents about the
maturation of marriage age with a p-value of 0.011. Previous research supports the results of this study where
the highest communication between parents and children about reproductive health occurs between mothers
and children [16]. Mothers with daughters and sons communicate better than fathers with their children.
Mothers who provide information about reproductive health to their child were related to the adolescents’
knowledge level about reproductive health, p-value 0.001 [17].
The results showed that students’ attitudes towards the maturation of age marriage were related to
gender and sources of reproductive health information (p=0.006). Similar research also mentions that there
are contrasting attitudes between male and female adolescents about the age of marriage. Females have
ambivalence and reluctance to marry young. Females are more concerned that young marriage will thwart
their aspirations and ambitions about education and work. Males, with their fantasies want to marry young.
Nevertheless, males also have concerns if they are unable to support their families economically [18]. The
provision of reproductive health information through mass media was also associated with positive attitudes
of adolescents. Statistical test results showed p-value=0.042. Mass media is one of the sources of information
that is useful for increasing the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents.
3.2.3. Adolescents’ knowledge level and attitude towards the maturation of age marriage before and
after treatment
There was increasing coverage of good level knowledge and positive attitudes in the experiment
group after being treated with education through video. It also can be seen in the increasing coverage of good
level knowledge and positive attitudes in the control group after being treated with pocketbooks. There was
an increasing prevalence of good level knowledge and positive attitudes of adolescents about the maturation
of age marriage in both groups. Our findings were in line with another study about the effectiveness videos
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and pocketbooks to the knowledge level and attitudes. There was increasing in good level knowledge and
positive attitudes about the stigma of people living with HIV/AIDS or PLWHA and cervical cancer screening
in both groups [19], [20]. Video and pocketbooks can be health promotion media to increase good level of
knowledge and positive attitudes on health reproductive education.
In the knowledge questionnaire, almost some respondents still answered incorrectly during the post-
test on numbers 2 and 10. A total of 20% of respondents answered incorrectly on number 2. Respondents
who answered incorrectly on number 10 reached 30%. Question number 2 relates to regulations and rules for
early marriage in Indonesia. Question number 13 regarding the risks of early marriage. Previous research
related to the determinants of the maturation of age marriage states that adolescents with knowledge of age
should be women giving birth to their first child (AOR=4.930; CI: 4.610-5.272) and adolescents who have
knowledge of age should marry males (AOR=3.145; CI: 2.962-3.338) have a better propensity for the
planning of marriage age. This proves that the strengthening of regulations and the dangers of early marriage
must still be done [21].
3.2.4. The effect of video on adolescents’ knowledge level and attitudes about the maturation of age
marriage
Knowledge level scores before treatment and after treatment increased. There was a significant
difference in the mean score of the adolescents’ knowledge level about the maturation of age marriage before
and after treatment with video media education (p=0.000). Research by Bond and Ramos on the treatment of
educational videos about the health behavior of people living with HIV/AIDS states that 89% of respondents’
knowledge increases after being given the video. Respondents rated videos as better for providing health
information [22]. Audiovisual media as health promotion media increases adolescents’ knowledge level
about HIV [23].
Our findings suggest that there was a significant difference in attitude values before and after
treatment with video media education with a p-value of 0.006. The provision of education through videos has
an effect on increasing the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents about the maturation of age marriage.
Video is an audiovisual educational medium that can display image and sound elements simultaneously when
communicating with messages or information so that they can reveal an event and object with the actual
situation. Audiovisual health education is considered more interesting and understandable. A previous study
stated that the video-giving treatment group showed a result of 0.001 meaning that there was a difference in
the value of adolescent knowledge and attitudes about the maturation of age marriage during the pretest and
post-test [24].
The use of video media facilitates the delivery of information, facilitates understanding of concepts
and absorption of material. Video can speed up the process of receiving information in life and influencing
one’s emotions through the senses. This media also allows individuals to remember 50% of the information
seen and heard, so that they can increase knowledge and change attitudes in a positive direction. The other
study also found that audio-visual media have a significant role in increasing sexual-reproduction health
knowledge among adolescents [25].
The results of the statistical test in the control group’s knowledge level obtained a p-value of 0.003
which indicates that there was a significant difference in the value of the level of knowledge about the
maturation of marriageable age before and after treatment with pocketbooks education. The results of our
study were in line with research by Murtiyarini et al. [26] that there was a significant difference in the mean
scores before and after treatment with pocketbooks. Pocketbooks are light and concise information media.
Pocketbooks are able to disseminate information with attractive packaging and appearance so as to make
readers pay close attention to their readings. This can increase the reader’s knowledge.
The other study about the implementation of the medical research module to the medical student’s
knowledge stated that there were significant changes in students’ knowledge about medical research from
before to after the research module implementation [27]. Use of textbook (p=0.12, p<0.001) has a significant
effect on academic achievement in the school [28]. From the study above, it can conclude that providing
education through pocketbook at school has an effect on increasing knowledge.
Statistical test results obtained a p-value of 0.314 which indicates that there was no significant
difference in the mean score of attitudes toward the maturation of age marriage before and after treatment
with pocketbooks. The provision of education through pocketbooks has no effect on adolescents’ attitudes
about the maturation of age marriage. Our finding was in line with a previous study in 2020 that discusses the
influence of the media on changes in knowledge and attitudes about free sex in adolescents. The researcher’s
assumption that there was no effect on providing education through the media because of the ability to absorb
different information from each respondent and the lack of intention and willingness of respondents to pay
close attention to information from the media [29].
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3.2.5. Factors influencing the adolescents’ knowledge level and attitudes about the maturation of age
marriage
The provision of educational media through videos and the existence of information about
reproductive health from mothers affect the knowledge level of adolescents regarding the maturation of age
marriage. The source of information from the mother about reproductive health was the dominant factor that
affects the knowledge level of adolescents about the maturation of age marriage. Adolescents who were
given information by mothers about reproductive health were 3.7 times more likely to have a good
knowledge level toward maturing age of marriage. Parents’ self-confidence was the most influential factor in
reproductive health education for adolescents (OR=3.052, CI=1.534-6.071). Lack of skills to explain the
topic of sexuality, lack of knowledge of the material that will be given, and the shame when conveying
sexuality material is something that affects parents’ self-confidence [30].
During the period of adolescent development, the intensity of communicating with friends increases.
Although adolescents can increase their time to spend with friends, the bounding relationship between father
and mother with adolescents will help adolescents to increase their self-confidence and self-esteem. There
was a positive correlation between parent adolescent communication and self-esteem. Self-esteem is related
to self-acceptance which affects the tendency to behave positively [17], [31]
Adolescent gender and the existence of information about reproductive health from the mass media
influence adolescents’ attitudes regarding the maturation of age marriage. Health promotion for adolescents
has a significant impact on knowledge, attitudes, and health behavior. Health promotion can use various
media to make it easier [32]. Interventions in adolescents regarding the maturation of marriage age prevent
child marriage and increase adolescent maturity in deciding to marry [33]. Exposure to reproductive health
information through the media, gender, and the functioning of reproductive functions in the family can help
adolescents to plan for maturing age at marriage. The method of giving videos is effective to increase the
knowledge level and attitudes of adolescents about the maturation of age marriage.
4. CONCLUSION
There was a significant difference in mean and an increase in the knowledge level and attitudes of
adolescents after being given educational video media p<0.05. The method of giving videos is effective to
increase the knowledge level and attitudes of adolescents about the maturation of age marriage. Video can be
used as an educational medium to improve adolescent reproductive health as the maturing of marriage-age
education programs at school. However, the role of the mother and information media also support in
increasing adolecents’ knowledge and attitudes about the maturation of age marriage. Therefore, the
integration of the marriage-age maturation programs is needed to improve it. Our findings can become
reference material for the development and improvement of future research.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research was supported by Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta and in partnership with Poltekkes
Kemenkes Semarang. The author would like to thank the Director of Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta and
the Director of Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang for their support in carrying out this research. The author also
thanked to the principal of the high school in Yogyakarta who had given permission for the research as well
as all those who had assisted this research.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Niken Meilani is lecturer at Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Department of
Midwifery since 2006. Niken Meilani received her master’s degree in Health
Promotion/Reproductive Health and HIV AIDS program Universitas Diponegoro. She also an
awardee from Netherlands Fellowship Program for shortcourse about Reproductive Health
Rights including HIV AIDS in Royal Tropic Institute Amsterdam, Netherlands. Curently, she
was going on her Doctoral Program Extention Communication Development Study Program
in Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. She has researched and published in the area
adolescent’s reproductive health. She published several papers in those areas of health
promotion and reproductive health. She can be contacted at email:
nikenbundaqueena@gmail.com.
Nanik Setiyawati is midwife and lecturer in Midwifery Department at Poltekkes
Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Nanik Setiyawati earned her master’s in Health
Promotion/Reproductive Health and HIV AIDS program Universitas Diponegoro. She focuses
on the research and study of Reproductive Health Care. She can be contacted at email:
nanikyogya@gmail.com.
Siti Rofi’ah is lecturer in Midwifery Study Program at Poltekkes Kemenkes
Semarang since 2002. Siti Rofi’ah received her master’s degree in Health Promotion program
Universitas Diponegoro. She has researched and published in the area adolescent’s
reproductive health and pregnancy care. She can be contacted at email:
nandasheeta@yahoo.com.
Tuti Sukini is lecturer at Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang of Midwifery Study
Program since 1997. Tuti Sukini has done her master’s in Maternal and Child Health
Reproductive program Universitas Gadjah Mada. She has researched and published in the area
of reproductive health of adolescent. She can be contacted at email: tutisukini@yahoo.com.