This is my report in EDM 221 - Communication in Educational Management Course in Graduate School. I hope this will help you with your report. Thank you!

1. COMMUNICATION IN
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
EDM 221
 Importance of Non-verbal
Symbols
 Categories/types of non-verbal
symbols
EMILIO FER G. VILLA
Reporter

2. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
The process of creating and exchanging meaning through symbolic
interaction.
We exchange information and ideas with others using symbols.

3. WHAT KIND OF SYMBOLS?
Verbal – words you use.
Non-verbal – anything except spoken words. It includes sound and
movements.
Examples of non verbal communication:
 Gestures
 Facial expressions
 Posture
 Attire
 Tone of voice

4. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Nonverbal communication involves those nonverbal stimuli in a
communication setting that are generated by both the source
(speaker) and his or her use of the environment and that have
potential message value for the source or receiver.
Communication not involving the spoken words is referred to as
non-verbal communication.
Non-verbal communication involves sending and receiving
messages through gestures, body language, posture, facial
expressions, clothing etc.

5. CHARACTERISTICS
Present in most interpersonal conversations
Conveys more information than the verbal communication
 65-70 of transaction is due to nonverbal communication.
 Verbal and nonverbal communication plays an important
role in how people interact with one another. People are
using around 35% verbal communication and 65%
nonverbal communication in daily life.
“The most important thing in communication is to hear
what isn’t being said.”
- Peter F. Ducker -

6. CHARACTERISTICS
Usually believed over verbal communication. As it is harder to hide
or fake our nonverbal clues.
It is the primary means of communicating emotion. You can usually
tell how they are feeling without them saying a word.
It is meta communicative, for example, a wink for sarcasm or
covering your mouth with our hand to indicate we are telling a
secret.

7. IMPORTANCE OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Strengthens the first impression and it is important because the first
impressions affects our perception.
It plays a role in face to face situation
It expresses on verbal paralinguistic messages
Provide feedback
Regulate the communication
Reinforce or modify what is said
Convey information about emotional state
People are must less conscious over non verbal communication as
it is much more emotional and impulsive

8. WHY NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION MATTERS
At work, you may find yourself communicating with colleagues
throughout the day without saying a word. Think about how your
body language, facial expressions, posture and eye contact can
enhance and reinforce your workplace conversations.
whether you are leading a presentation at a meeting, chatting with
co-workers in the hallway, or talking to your boss in his or her office,
nonverbal communication affects the interaction. Nonverbal
communication also plays a role in social settings like lunches,
office parties and after-work activities.

9. WHY NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION MATTERS
At its core, good verbal communication skills allow employers to
share information across the company, and help them reinforce
relationships with their colleagues. However, the ability to
communicate without words could influence how employees
perform.
Successful interactions at work depend on both managers and their
team’s ability to use and read body language. According to career
and small business website Chron, a manager communicating
positive nonverbal cues when speaking with employees can
increase employee morale, as well as their job performance.

10. Categories/Types of Non-
verbal Symbols
1
1 Oculesics
2 Facial Expression
3 Gesture
4 Posture
6 Proxemics
5 Haptics
7 Cronemics
8
Personal
Appearance

11. OCULESICS
When a lecturer notices that most of the
students are not looking at him/her, s/he
might conclude that they are not paying
attention.
Eye contact indicates that the students are
paying attention, giving respect to their
teacher and experiencing certain emotions in
response to what is being taught.

12. OCULESICS
A deeper insight based on technical grounds
reveals certain trends in these eye behaviours
that are categorized as “Oculesics”.

13. OCULESICS
Oculesics is a form of nonverbal
communication that derives
meaning from eye behaviour. It is a
subcategory of kinesics — the study
of body language — which decodes
eye movement, gaze, eye behaviour
and everything your eyes may be
conveying in a secret code.

14. Primarily, the following four factors are used to interpret eye
gestures:
Eye
Movement
Length of
Duration of
Contact
Intensity Direction

15. Eye Movement
 People cover or shield their eyes when they
feel threatened or repulsed by what they are
seeing. Needless to say, it is an indicator of
discomfort.
 This is an innate behaviour — children who
are born blind still cover their eyes when
they hear bad news.
 Eye blocking could also be done in the form
of eye rubbing or excessive blinking.

16. Eye Movement
 Lowered eyelids indicate being sad or hurt.
Squinting at someone indicates suspicion.
 Raising eyebrows is a gesture of congeniality.
 Darting eyes often means that the person
feels insecure and is looking for escape
routes from talking to another person.

17.  This is a culturally variable phenomenon.
Various cultures have different
interpretations of eye contact. In Western
cultures, looking in the eyes while talking is
considered a symbol of honesty.
 In African cultures, lowering down your gaze
is an expression of humility.
 In Japan, prolonged eye contact is
considered rude, disrespectful and at times
threatening. In China, too much eye contact
is considered rude.
Length of Duration of Contact

18.  In the Middle Eastern countries, people tend
to use continuous eye contact to reflect keen
interest.
 It makes one question: how long is too long?
Studies show that on average, the most
comfortable eye contact lasts around 3
seconds. It means that it only takes 3.3
seconds of staring to freak one out!
Length of Duration of Contact

19.  The size of the pupils is controlled by
muscles in the coloured part of the eye (iris),
which in turn controls the amount of light
entering the eyes.
 hen human beings like what they see, they
want to allow more light to enter their eyes
to have a better look.
 This causes pupil dilation, more familiarly
known in medical terms as “mydriasis”. Pupil
dilation is a sign of interest.
Intensity

20.  When an individual sees something
offensive, their pupils constrict to block out
the offensive image.
 Nevertheless, pupil constriction and dilation
is also a light-dependent phenomenon.
Intensity

21.  When someone looks right into somebody’s
eyes, this is generally a good sign. After all,
most of us will try to look into someone’s
eyes to show interest. Usually, people look
away because they’re processing something.
Direction
 While looking up indicates contemplation,
looking down is not a good sign. It could also
express guilt or disinterest. It is like saying, “My
God!” with their eyes. Constantly looking down,
on the other hand, signals submissiveness.

22.  Looking in the upper-left direction indicates
the person may well be trying to fetch
something from their immediate visual
memory. Looking towards the lateral left
indicates an effort to recall a song or a
sound memory.
Direction
 The devil isn’t really on your left shoulder —
he’s on your left collarbone. So, if someone is
talking to themselves or is deep in thought,
they will likely look towards their lower left.

23.  Looking towards the upper-right corner of
their eyes could mean the person is creating
a visual image of something or it could
potentially indicate that they are lying.
Direction
 If someone is potentially lying about a
conversation, they are likely to look towards
their lateral right.
 When you close your eyes, remember, you
always move them towards the lower right.

24. References:
 https://www.slideshare.net/waqasdilasa/nonverbal-communication-8696831
 https://www.learnpick.in/prime/documents/ppts/details/165/non-verbal-communication
 https://ucpathjobs.org/working-at-uc/nonverbal-communication-matters-
workplace/#:~:text=However%2C%20the%20ability%20to%20communicate,could%20influence%2
0how%20employees%20perform.&text=According%20to%20career%20and%20small,well%20as%
20their%20job%20performance.
 https://spectramagazine.org/life-sciences/oculesics-science-speaks-where-words-do-
not/#:~:text=Oculesics%20is%20a%20form%20of,conveying%20in%20a%20secret%20code.
 https://www.ifioque.com/nonverbal-communication/facial_expression