Implementing Developing An Information System

Implementing Developing An Information System
A system development methodology refers to the framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the process of developing an information
system. For a software company developing commercial software, and IT organization delivering business applications to users or Systems Integrators
delivering solutions to the customers improving overall development lifecycles will yield benefits to both the company and their respective customers.
A wide variety of such frameworks have evolved over the years, each with its own recognized strengths and weaknesses. Most important of them are
1) Waterfall method: Thewaterfall model is a sequential design process, used in software development processes, in which progress is seen as flowing
steadily ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Every software development company has a particular strategy of developing software solutions and clients should know about these SDLC models in
order to choose the one that best suits their requirements. It has following phases
1) Requirements specification: The very first step in the waterfall model starts with requirement analysis and checking whether the project is actually
feasible with the present technologies or not. Requirements are gathered, analyzed and then proper documentation is prepared which helps further in
the development process.
2) Design: The requirements gathered in the above phase are evaluated and a proper implementation strategy is formulated according to the software
environment. The design phase is further categorized into two sections, i.e. system design and component design. The system design contains details
and specifications of the whole system and explains how each component of the system will interact with others. The component design contains
specifications as to how each component will work separately and how results from one component will travel to another. Individual coders are usually
assigned to develop each component.
3) Implementation: Now is the time to actually start creating the components. The information gathered in the first two phases is applied in this step to
create
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Essay Development Process & Risk Analysis
MET CS 682 – Module 2 Assignment 2 Development Process & Risk Analysis Date of Submission: January 29, 2014 Table of Contents
Introduction3 Scenario4 Part I. Selection of a Suitable Development Process5 Waterfall Approach5 Iterative Approach5 Agile Approach6
Development Process for MallKiosk Development6 Part II. Risk Analysis8 Identification of Risk8 Risk Analysis9 Risk Management10 Appendices12
Appendix 1: Waterfall Approach12 Appendix 2: Agile Approach12 Appendix 3: Risk Management13 References14 IntroductionThis week's
assignment focus on the processes of system development and risk involved. For someone like me who never was part of the full design phase of the...
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For example: "Shoes at Macy's: 20% discount for 3 or more" based on the last time this customer bought items. The following characteristics apply:
* It is anticipated that MallKiosk features will change as often as every month after its release. * For example, new applications will be added and
others removed. This may be reflected in their positions on menus. * For this reason, its functionality should be as easy as possible to modify by IT *
MallKiosk may be extended in the future to interface with customer–service communication, including chat and telephone. * It has not yet been
determined if MallKiosk will be served by several internally managed servers or if it will be cloud hosted. * A website is to be established that
describes MallKiosk and its usage. * Your team has only four programmers experienced with programming of this type of system: ten are needed. * A
third of the development team will be co–located; a third will reside in a second domestic location; another third in another offshore location. * Initial
delivery is to be in six months. Part I. Selection of a Suitable Development Process Waterfall Approach For the past years, waterfall process had been
used by small and big companies as an approach to development process. This approach looks like a waterfall where it shows a steady downwards
flow. This approach of development is the most mature and disciplined. The

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Waterfall
Waterfall Model Advantages As the waterfall model seems to be the most popular model being used, there are some advantages to using it. The
advantages can be seen more in distinct types of organizations and situations. This method is useful in large organizations that are highly structured and
is able to emulate the structured needs of the organization. This method works for projects that are less subjective in the nature of what is needed for
an outcome. Projects that have a well–defined end result will be able to utilize this method. Completely structured processes and goals are a necessity.
The waterfall method allows for easy reporting out on results during project. Each step is very specific in what is to be accomplished at that time so
showing defined progress towards can be done easily. Accomplishments towards progress is easily visible due to specifically set progress points. In
this method, there is a potential cost reduction in moving too fast through project tasks. With this method that is an inability to go back a step to
change outcomes. Each step must be completed thoroughly and correctly to be able to continue with the project. Documentation of the process is an
important piece of this method to allow for understanding of project procedures by others. Disadvantages The waterfall method works well for certain
scenarios but can be at a disadvantage in other aspects of the project cycle. Chatterjee explained that the waterfall method (Chatterjee,

Agile Vs Waterfall Case Study
ASSIGNMENT #9(AGILE VS WATERFALL)MICHELLE WICHMAN DUE DATE: 21JUN2015 POINTS POSSIBLE: 100 OVERVIEW: Hy
–Vee
Corporate headquarters is based in West Des Moines and is an employee–owned supermarket. As of 2015, Hy–Vee has 233 stores across eight
Midwestern states and $6.9B in annual revenue. In this paper, I'll be comparing Agile vs Waterfall or traditional software development methods.
First, let's take a look at Agile, in particular the role of scope. Several traditional software development models came about in the 1960s, such as
incremental, spiral and waterfall modelling. Over time it was realized that the software development team did not realize all of the needs up front.
Thus, the customer was was not delivered what was expected. It's essential to have an outline of who, what, when and where but this is often a
transforming list. Thus, Agile came into play. This is a faster and smaller method over traditional. Stakeholders get together with small teams to look at
cost, resources and expected time frames. This team figures out the computer verbiage, checks and balances, verification coding, iterations, number
limits, scripts, all in the early stages of development. When a large and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a much better approach than having to predetermine what the executives may want. My experience with the executives is that a lot of times
they are not sure what they want it takes several tweaking and re–programming to get it just right. What's cool about this method is that the strengths of
different programmers can be best utilized. Furthermore, all programmers can work on their pieces at the same time, get feedback, tweak it some
more, get feedback all simultaneously which will be much quicker and efficient than if it was the Waterfall method. The stakeholder's needs take a
priority with an iterative

Waterfall Model Is Based On Sequential Process
Waterfall model is based on sequential process that is used in software development process. It takes place in steps. It is called as waterfall because it
moves step by step in downward direction. As seen in manufacturing and construction site, each process is well structured and carried out step by step,
in software development Waterfall model carries out all phases in sequential manner. All the phases like Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design,
Construction, Testing, Implementation and Maintenance are carried out in a sequential manner, step wise. It is stated that the first formal description
of Waterfall model was made in 1970 in the article written by Winston W. Royce. Though the first use of waterfall model was made in 1976 in the
article written by Bell and Thayer.
2.0 Spiral Model
2.1 Introduction & Overview [2]
Spiral model is another alternative process that is used in software development cycle. It is more focused on risk analysis. It is based on unique risk
pattern that is adopted by the software. It can adopt any of the software development process such as incremental, evolutionary prototype and waterfall
model. This method was introduced in 1986 in paper written by Barry Boehm. This model has four phases Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering and
Evolution. At each progress the software project has to be passed through all these four phases. The baseline spiral is reference for each other
subsequent spirals. The baseline spiral starts with the planning

The Agile Methodology ( Am ) For Software Development Essay
The Agile methodology (AM) for software development is an iterative system characterized by cycles of development, testing, and stakeholder
feedback. According to Ferreira and Cohen, the Agile methodology has the following five characteristics (50): 1.Iterative development: Small versions
of the software are developed at regular intervals. 2.Continuous integration: Instead of waiting until the end to make changes to code, code changes are
integrated immediately and then tested to ensure they work. 3.Collective ownership: Development teams are fluid as team members take on different
roles depending on need. They all own and are responsible for the system. 4.Test–driven design: Developers identify the testing required before
beginning to write the code for the system. 5.Feedback loop: In AM, there is a frequent feedback loop from stakeholders to ensure that the software is
on track with expectations throughout the process. Each loop in Agile development is characterized by development of specific features, testing,
stakeholder review, incorporation of changes, and then on to the next cycle until completion. Comparison of the methods: Stakeholder input: Both
waterfall and Agile methodologies use stakeholder requirements in their process. In the waterfall case study, the video game highlighted had a
pre–production stage where the requirements were identified and analysis was done up front to develop the game conception. The design is based on
that early analysis and

Waterfall Methodology : Waterfall Theory
Waterfall Methodology: After having reviewed definitions and perspectives by three author groups, I'm inclined to conclude that waterfall
methodology is essentially defined by its insistence upon the completion of product development steps in a sequential manner in order to
accommodate a client's need for a product or tool that will enable their business to be performed in a temporally defined effective (or desired)
manner. By utility, for the sake of quickly delivering a product to the satisfaction of its client, a development team who employs the waterfall method
may do so because of waterfall's logical yet rigid structure. Its step–by–step nature promotes an easy to follow guide, though many of the tasks
involved in the process of its development are anything but easy. Further, waterfall's rigid nature seems to reinforce the notion of its logic, if but
for the sake of timely product completion and client budget. Due to its methodological rigidity, however, products developed by way of waterfall
may tend to be rigid in their own right. As noted by Williams in her article The Documentation of Quality Engineering: Applying Use Cases to Drive
Change in Software Engineering Models, when the waterfall method is employed, an application will not be delivered to a client until all of its
stages are "... complete, in order. First, one project phase must be completed before the next starts. Also, once it is finished, it and its documents are
not to be revised" [1, p. 5]. This

waterfall model
Introduction The waterfall model is the most common model of all software development life cycle models. It is very simple to understand and use.
In a waterfall model, each phase must be completed before the next phase can start. At the end of each phase, a review takes place to determine if the
project is on the right path and whether or not the project should be continued. Here phases do not overlap with each other. Waterfall model is a
sequential design process in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards through Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction,
Testing, Production/Implementation and Maintenance Phases. A Water Fall Model is easy to flow. It can be implemented for any size of project. Every
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Requirement gathering and Analysis
This is the first phase of waterfall model which includes a meeting with the customer to understand his requirements.
This is the most crucial phase as any misinterpretation at this stage may give rise to validation issues later.
The software definition must be detailed and accurate with no ambiguities.
It is very important to understand the customer requirements and expectations so that the end product meets his specifications.
Requirement gathering and Analysis phase the basic requirements of the system must be understood by software engineer, who is also called ANALYST.
All this requirements are then well documented and discussed further with the customer for reviewing.
2. Design
The customer requirements are broken down into logical modules for the ease of implementation. Hardware and software requirements for every
module are Identified and designed accordingly.
Also the inter relation between the various logical modules is established at this stage. Algorithms and diagrams defining the scope and objective of
each logical model are developed.
In short, this phase lays a fundamental for actual programming and implementation.
It is an intermediate step between requirements analysis and coding. Design focuses on program attribute such as– 1) Data Structure. 2) Software
Architecture. 3) Algorithm Details etc.
The

Agile And Agile Software Development
Agile Agile software development refers to a group of software development methodologies e.g. Dynamics System Development Model, Crystal
Methods and Extreme programming (XP methodology). Agile methods attempt to minimise the risk in software in short time boxes called iterations.
Every iteration includes all the tasks necessary to release the mini increment of new functionality: planning, requirements analysis, design coding,
testing and documentation. At the end of every iteration the priorities will be evaluated. Agile methods emphasise real time communication,
preferably face to face instead of written documents. Agile methods also emphasise working software as the primary measure of progress. Agile
methods produce very little documentation compared to other methods. Most Agile teams are located in a bullpen and include all the people
necessary to finish the software. (1) (3) Crystal Methodology Crystal Methodology is one of the most lightweight and adaptable approaches to
software development which focuses on people, interaction, community, skills and talents and communications. Crystal is actually made up of a
family of agile methodologies such as Crystal Clear, Crystal Yellow, Crystal Orange and others. This refers to the underlining core which represents
values and principals. The principal is that each team has a different set of talents and skills and each team should use a process uniquely tailored to it.
(1) Dynamic Systems Development Model

The Waterfall Method And The Agile Methods Of Development
Evan Pierce
Marvin Hagen
Introduction to Business Intelligence – DSS600 – Lesson 9 Assignment
21 June 2015
Compare and Contrast the Waterfall Method and the Agile Methods of Development As it is with all decisions we make in the day, there are often
multiple opportunities which often times lead to a single outcome. Such decisions as, "Do I take the turnpike today" can have such a profound impact
on the outcomes. Will you hit traffic on turnpike and as a result miss a meeting. If you go the backway do you make the scheduled meeting? On any
given day the same approach you have always taken can backfire. Keeping this in mind we must learn how the business methods we implement can
often lead to the same outcome. What differs is the process ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At no point in the process development can the next phase begin until the previous phase is completed. This is how the waterfall method received its
name, it begins at the top and works its way down towards the bottom, and at no point can the process be reversed. Youssef Bassil in his article titled
"A Simulation Model for the Waterfall Software Development Life Cycle", defines the water fall method as the following, "The Waterfall model
defines several consecutive phases that must be completed one after the other and moving to the next phase only when its preceding phase is
completely done. For this reason, the Waterfall model is recursive in that each phase can be endlessly repeated until it is perfected." There are certain
situations where the waterfall method is advantageous in application and that involves the following; a short time frame, there3 are no unclear
expectations, the technology is understood, the requirements are fixed and the product propose is stable.
There are distinct requirements of each phase in the water fall method, and the application of theses requirements often dictate the success or failure of
any development project. The first phase is described as gathering and analysis which outlines and documents all possible requirements for the system
being developed. This includes the

The Original Waterfall Model Has A Foundation That Is...
The original Waterfall model has a foundation that is supported by two distinct characteristics. First, the methodology is rooted in the fact that that the
software be developed in stages. "Originally created by Benington in 1956 and later modified by Royce in 1970, the quintessential Waterfall model is
linear and sequential in evolution, typically with milestones at each phase of development. (Pavolka, 2005). As seen in figure 1 (Ruparelia, May 2010),
the typical thresholds consisted of Evaluation, Requirements, Analysis, Design, Development, Validation, and ultimately Deployment. The evaluation
phase, at the aggregate level, helps to reveal the situation at hand. The requirements phase is arguably the most important phase of the Waterfall plan as
it lays out the project statement and sets the framework and expectations for the project. The next phase, Analysis, works as a comparison between
what capabilities are needed versus what constraints currently exist. That leads into the Design phase in which the software developers determine the
architecture required to meet the customer's expectations taking into account the constraints previously identified. Development is the next phase that
takes the inputs from the Design phase and outputs a tangible product ready for testing. The testing or Validation phase is the process in which the
software is checked for two things: a) any and all bugs are identified and removed and b) the original scope of work including all

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Software...
Abstract
The success of a software development project greatly depends upon which process model is used.This paper presents a description of various
software engineering process models. It emphasizes on the need of using appropriate model as per the application to be developed.In the paper
description of following seven models are given namely Waterfall,Prototype,Rapid application development,Incremental,spiral, Buid and fix and
V–shaped. Advantages and disadvantages of these models have been given in this paper. our aim is to create a reliable and cost effective software
and these models provides us a way to develop them.In the paper a comparative study of various models have been made along with their defects and
features.
(1)Introduction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2 User get a view of his product.
Disadvantages
1The factor of software quality is ignored to some extent.
2 In a rush of making prototype working,implementation mistake can occur.
(c)Rapid Application Development model
RAD means Rapid Application Development.RAD model is a high speed adaption of Waterfall model.This model can be implemented if a developer
knows the requirements of customer in advance and here the development cycle is extremely small. User or customer involvement is there in every
stage of RAD model. This model has four phases Reqirement planning,User description,Construction,Cutover. A number of teams work on a single
function and then it is integrated to form a whole software. diagram Advantages
1Customer satisfaction is there as customer is involved in every stage of the model.
2 Development time is extremely small.
3 Feedback from customer is available at initial stages.
Disadvantages
1For large projects, RAD model require the size of team to be large and hence a significant human resource is needed.
2Team members must work in close association with users/customers to complete the project in time.
3 RAD model is not appropriate for all kinds

Waterfall And The Agile Model
The Waterfall and The Agile Model comparison
The waterfall model was legally introduced as an idea through a paper that had been published by a man called Winston Royce in the year 1970.
However, due to the waterfall model being introduced by Winston Royce himself, it had been introduced as an example of a flawed software
development method, which was vulnerable due to its shortcomings. The waterfall model philosophy had been inherited from the hardware
manufacture and construction strategies that had been in practice in the year 1970s; therefore it had a structured approach to the software
development itself. In comparison to the agile methodology, which developed in the year 1990s where the developers had decided to break away
from the traditional structured, segmented and administrative approaches, which were being made to the developed software, and progressed
towards more of the flexible development styles. The term Agile can be referred to as being lightweight methods, which had been declared in a
research paper in the year 1974 by Edmonds. Furthermore, some of the most noticeable and common agile methods of the software development that
subsequently had been evolved were known as Scum in the year 1995, 'Extreme Programming ' in 1996, 'Adaptive Software Development ', 'Dynamic
Systems Development Method ' in 1995 and 'Feature Driven Development '. In the year 2001, a team of developers in the agile software development
had declared the agile manifesto. The agile

Software Development Lifecycle Models And The Waterfall Model
In a paper titled "Software Development Lifecycle Models", Nayan B. Ruparelia describes many of the different options when developing
software including the Waterfall model. The Waterfall model was one of the first true models documented for software development and "has
underpinned all other models" (Ruparelia 2010) since inception. Originally developed by Herbert Benington in 1956 and later adjusted by Winston
Royce in 1970 (Ruparelia 2010), the Waterfall method became an important and widely used process to get software into the workplace. The model
follows a pattern of evaluation, requirements, analysis, design, development, validation, and deployment. Royce's model also allowed for "iterative
feedback" (Ruparelia 2010) that allowed a group to move to a preceding step if feedback was needed. One of the key tenants of the Waterfall method
is heavy planning and documenting with a key goal of minimizing risk during coding. Also, collaboration is low across phases as each group in a
phase would play a different part in terms of requirements and validation. Traditionally, theWaterfall model is used to develop large and complex
software rollouts that require different experience levels and backgrounds to accomplish the overarching goal. Once the software is coded and
deployed, the documentation allows for better understanding of what took place if a process needed to be revisited. Other variations of the Waterfall
model have been documented but the original version is

Project Management System Evaluation Paper
Evaluation– Introduction Our project is to create a computer system for Kings Estate Agent Company that will help them monitor their assets and
also allows employees to access the application system. In this evaluation we will be reviewing literatures discussing the different types of
methodologies available to software developers. We will conclude the evaluation with our reasons for selecting the method chosen for our project.
Methodologies Understanding software methodology and its impact on deign of software systems is important. Methodology is defined as a system
approach to the analysis and design of information systems, which is administered by a set of principles. There are different types of methodologies
that are available to developers... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the main reasons is that it gives us the freedom and flexibility while we are designing and implementing, it minimizes the risk of getting far
in designing and then finding errors. Trial and errors was a huge part of our design of BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation), class model to
make sure our procedures were correct. We believe we used we used Agile methods such as Scrum which are identified as having 3 categories– roles,
artifacts and time boxes. These were all important aspects to implementation during our development to ensure that we were all on the same path. It
increases the quality by better handling with changes, reduces error, and increases efficiency with strong framework of necessary procedures. As a
team we established examples of Test–driven development (TDD), performing short development cycles, to test first and then improve an application
in contradiction of them, until all pass. We found it particularly beneficial to ensure we kept the design without overcomplicating and increasing the
risk of errors. Short cycle testing allowed us to make regular

Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Activities Of Software...
Activities of Software Developments:
The activities below used to resolve any software issue and involve in its development: Issue understanding, Determining a strategy for the solution,
Coding the strategic resolution and Program testing. In larger systems, activities followed in order to create it are enlarge. The large activities includes
sub–activities in order to ease each step. It is suitable to perfectly do those steps rather than doing the whole activity at once. In most, the main steps
could be: analyzing the requirement, making the design, writing the cods and testing the project.
In fact the last step – maintenance – is the stage where the mistake corrected or the enhancement added in order to hit the rank of the expectation. In
contrast to the hardware the software doesn't broke down but may contained performance issues which called errors. After clarifying the errors from the
software codes then the software tends to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is very humble and easy to comprehend and use. Such a model is easy to manage because of the inflexibility of the model where every stage has
precise receivable and an evaluation process. The stages of this type of models are managed and accomplished one by one. Stages is not intersection or
overlap. Waterfall model perfectly perform for smaller projects when desires are perfectly understandable.
Disadvantages of waterfall model:
As waterfall model has many advantages it is carrying a lot of disadvantages. It is hard to make changes after testing the stage. Once an application is
in the testing stage, it is very difficult to go back and change something that was not well–thought out in the concept stage. The software never work tile
the few last steps and it is very hard to identify the errors at the beginning. It is gambling operation to make a software and successful of the software
is unknown. It is not suitable for a large complex project.
Incremental

Software Process Model Essay
Software process model is a step by step highly structured technique for designing and development of any software. There are various process
models widely used for developing software. Process models give a guidelines regarding development of the software.
Process models are very important for developing the software in a systematic manner, such that it will be delivered within the time deadline and
should also have proper quality. There are four major steps which includes Elicitation, Designing, Coding and Testing.
In this paper we develop a new model for software development that lays special emphasis on highly structured lifecycle and defining an output with
each stage and also tries to fulfill the objective of the Software Engineering of developing high quality product within schedule and budget. The new
proposed model is designed in such a way that it allows client and developer to interact freely with each other in order to understand and implement
requirements in a better way using the concept of process model.
Keywords–Software Engineering, software process models, Free–Flow Model, Requirement collection, Testing, Activities involved in process models,
Comparative analysis of models.
I. INTRODUCTION
Software process model is a technique which gives a new way of designing of any software within less time and gives high quality of software product
as per the requirement. Software process gives the better performance in Implementation and

Agile Software Architecture Written By Christine Miyachi
The first article I focused on was Agile Software Architecture written by Christine Miyachi. This article mainly focused on the concept of agile
software development. The concept of agile development is mainly based on interactions between the software developer and the consumer of the
software. An agile software is something that can be fixed at the last minute due to sudden changes (Miyachi, 2011). With the ability to change the
developing software at any moment in the process, it is widely believed that the cost to do this would be very high but agile method experts say that
with changing software the cost will actually level out over time (Miyachi, 2011). In order for this method to work, a development team must accept a
process... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The article mainly focused on comparing an evolutionary method to the waterfall method. The author of the article believed that the waterfall model is
very unrealistic and dangerous to use as a primary development tool for any project (Gilb, 1985). The waterfall method is scheduled for a single
finished date and all planning, design and analysis is done in the very beginning before the software coding begins (Gilb, 1985). The evolutionary
model is based on delivering to a real user, measuring the added value to the user, and adjusting any issues (Gilb, 1985). A key difference
emphasized in the article was that a system built in the evolutionary model is real and always changing while the waterfall method is not (Gilb,
1985). The waterfall method is more focused on what the software will do as compared to the evolutionary method which is more focused on how
well the software will work for the client (Gilb, 1985). Gilb had the opinion that the waterfall method is no longer a method to follow (Gilb, 1985).
Back in 1985, Gilb wanted to show readers that the evolutionary method was the way software should be developed and that the clients were more
interested in a technology that was perfected for them (Gilb, 1985). As seen in the waterfall approach, it was very common to have a software
developed for a client and the client would not even know who the developer was (Gilb, 1985). The waterfall method was effective but it is a method

Software Engineering Is Like An Art
"Software engineering is like an art in that it begins with a problem and ends with the creation of a solution that solves it (Blum, p.9)." Engineers grew
out of the ashes of the problems of the world. Software engineers deal with problems and maintenance in computer software. For a computer to find a
solution to anything, programs have to be designed and written into the computer using models for the software process. Bernd Bruegge, in his
presentation titled, Software Lifecycle Models, states "a software process represents all the phases needed to create a program, from the study of the
goals leading to the objective, to the maintenance of said goals and how the phases relate to one another." There are many different models used as
guidelines to form the software process needed to create a program, but this paper will prove how the waterfall model performs the software process in
the most reliable and user–friendly fashion. The waterfall model will be defined and then compared to the V–model, prototype model, and Boehm's
spiral model, with all aspects in relation to software engineering. M. C. Escher's painting, "Waterfall", depicts a waterfall defying reality by creating an
infinite flow of water from a structure that seems to be realistic. Escher's waterfall, on paper, seems to be flawless but when implied to the real world,
the design is impossible. The waterfall model used to create software processes is flawless if used properly, but if one step is overlooked,

System Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc ) Methodologies
Businesses rely heavily on their information systems for decision making, an essential component of organization management. Information systems
serves several purposes in a business, ranging from transactions and assisting leadership with difficult strategy formulation. Advances in
computer–based information technology in recent years have led to a widely variety of systems that managers are now using to make and implement
decisions (Alter, 1976). In today's businesses, systems development is a process of examining a business situation to analyze better procedures and
methods to stay competitive. System development life cycle (SDLC) methodologies are promoted as means of improving the management and control
of the software development process, structuring and simplifying the process by specifying activities to be done and techniques to be used (Russo,
1995). Every businesses have different types of projects that have different requirements. Therefore, businesses must choose the SDLC phases
according to the specific needs of the project. There are different types of SDLC. These are Waterfall Model, V–Shaped Model, Prototyping Model,
Spiral Model, Iterative Incremental Model, and Extreme programming (Agile development) (Sami, 2012). Each of the models has different level of
risks and benefits to cope with the project requirements. This paper will discuss the processes of System Development Life Cycle methodologies that
makes it excessively formal and rigid and

Design Process : The Waterfall Model Essay
The Waterfall approach to design is an ordered design process used in software development where progress is seen moving at a steady pace in a
downward flow through the various stages of development. The downward flowing nature of this design process is the impetus for its naming
convention. The Waterfall model is a hardware–oriented model which was adapted for use as a software development methodology. The various stages
of the Waterfall design method would include conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, implementation, and maintenance. System
and software requirements are captured in the conception stage. Models and rules are determined during analysis, and software architecture is
produced during the design stage. Software integration and coding surface within the construction phase. Defect debugging occurs while testing, and
installation, support, and maintenance are the ending step in the process. The Waterfall model suggests that movement to the next phase in the process
should only take place after the preceding phase has been reviewed and verified. Modified waterfall models might include variations of this theory.
Variations could include returning to the prior cycle after finding a flaw, or going back to the design phase if necessary.
Agile Software development addresses principles of software development in which requirements and solutions manifest through collaborative efforts
and cross–functional teams. Agile development

System Approach And Agile Approach Essay
COMPARISON OF THE FORMAL AND AGILE APPROACHES TO SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT, UNIT 11
Sophie Pritchard
CONTENTS
Introduction3
Different stages of a life–cycle4
The formal approach:4 the waterfall approach:4
The Agile approach:7
Prototyping:7
Conclusion9
INTRODUCTION
A system is created to solve problems, for example, work out someone's wages. The systems approach can be said to be an organised way of dealing
and solving the problem.
A life cycle in system analysis is a term used to describe a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. The systems
development life–cycle concept applies to a range of hardware and software configurations, as a system can be composed of hardware only, software
only, or a combination of both.
General system development life–cycles that exist include: o Waterfall – stages, requirements, design, implementation, verification, maintenance. o
Agile – stages, define requirements, integrate & test(X3), feedback, approved? yes=release to market, no= record & incorporate changes, adjust &
track, next iteration (back to beginning). o Spiral – plan, test, analyses, development of testing (back to the beginning until everything is complete and
there are not problems found in testing.)
(sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_development_life_cycle)
DIFFERENT STAGES OF A LIFE
–CYCLE
THE FORMAL APPROACH:

THE WATERFALL APPROACH:
The waterfall model is a sequential

Systems Development Life Cycle : Desiree M. Kamansky
Systems Development Life Cycle
Desiree M. Kamansky
University of Maryland University College Introduction
Information technology governance refers to aligning the strategy of the IT department with the strategy of the organization. IT governance is carried
out by aiming at ensuring that companies maintain their level of operation striving to achieve their goals and strategies while at the same time finding
better ways of measuring the performance of information technology within the organizations. Information governance guarantees that interests of the
stakeholders are well taken care of as well as ensuring that realistic results are achieved from the organizational activities (Shuptar, 2012). Management
should assist in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The third step is the design stage which involves the requirements for the design of the technology, and these include data layers, programming
language, and the data services. This stage helps in implementing a design that highlights the coverage of the business logic that was analyzed at the
previous stage. The next step is the coding which involves writing the sources of the actual code that will be used in the implementation of the
business logic, the models, and the integrations of the services that had been generated earlier. The fifth stage is a testing step where testers such as
beta testers are solving issues that arise out of the application (Petersen & Baca, 2009). However, this stage usually tends to repeat the coding stage so
that there can be proper squashing of the detected bugs. The final stage is the operation stage where the application is considered complete and can be
deployed. Besides, this stage involves maintenance and support in ensuring the application remains updated and fully operational (Petersen & Baca,
2009).
The Purpose of the Model
The waterfall model should be used in certain situations. For instance, waterfall models should only be applied when the requirements are clearly
known and properly fixed (Tutorials Point, n.d.). They can also be used when there is a stable definition of the product, a distinct understanding of the
technology, or when ambiguous requirements are

The Waterfall Method And Source Code
The Waterfall method uses documentation at the onset of the project that clearly defines the software requirements. The creation of the documentation
and source code usually takes a significant amount of time. This time consuming process is usually circumvented when using an Agile approach
(Arken, 2008). The process, however time consuming, is also extremely important. By clearly defining the goals and objectives of the project,
stakeholders like the customers and developers are on the same page at the start. Another clear benefit to having documentation of project requirements
is realized whenever there is a change of personnel during the project lifetime. The creation of documentation helps prevent project failure if one or...
By providing working iterations of code to stakeholders several times over the course of a projects life, changes are requested and the code is altered
on–demand; this can help prevent project failure.
Customer–oriented Development
To this point, one stark contrast between the Waterfall and Agile methods of software development is the degree to which they involve the customer. In
this sense it is easier to think of the Waterfall model as being more "predictive" and the Agile model as being more "adaptive". There are milestones
in either case, but the changes that are a result of customer input drive the flow of development in an Agile system (Arken 2008). One can see how
the "adaptive vs. predictive" differences can become more of a problem where finances are concerned.
Project Management
Looking at each methodology from a different perspective, the management perspective, unveils additional benefits and setbacks. The rigidity of the
Waterfall method for software development can be cumbersome when dealing with changing expectations, but it makes it easier for management to
manage the project's progression. Having clear goals makes it easy for managers to track the development process. It is more difficult to track a project
where requirements are constantly evolving. Most of the projects (not involving software development) in our department are tracked through their
process. As goals are achieved, completion nears 100%.

Project Development Models: The Waterfall Method
Introduction 1.Project development models are control systems which help establish the framework for conducting a project. There are many
different models that can be used, however, correct selection of a methodology is paramount to its success. If applied correctly it will aid Project
Managers in controlling a project throughout its lifespan and enable them to react to the unpredictable. With many different project development
models available selecting the correct one could in itself become a mini project. This assignment will look to research and report on three different
project development models (Waterfall, RAD and Scrum) examining their advantages and disadvantages to aid in model selection. The Waterfall
Method 2.The Waterfall method was originally developed in 1970 by Dr. W Royce to assist with the development of software. It has survived to
this day through adaption and revisions enabling it to be one of the most widely used models (Charvat 2003). Its namesake originates from the
analogy of a waterfall flowing downwards with the model following suit, cascading towards completion (Balaji and Murugaiyan 2012) this is known
as a serial lifecycle. Each phase (starting in the top left corner) within the serial lifecycle is completed before moving on to the next phase until the
end goal is reached (see Figure 1). This kind of method suits projects that have clearly defined stage goals, outcomes or solutions that are highlighted in
the initial strategy of

Agile Methodology For Software Development
A single definition of agile methodology in software development is not easily found. We should consider agile methodology as an umbrella under
which various agile methodologies rest. I will define agile methodology as an alternative to traditional 'heavyweight', linear project management
methodologies that is marked by an adherence to and reliance on the individual not as a replaceable part, constant interactions between the project team
and the customer, adaptiveness, customer collaboration, and responsiveness to change throughout a product's development, which is perpetual.
A major and initial influential force in agile methodology was Dr. Winston Royce. In 1970, he published an article entitled "Managing the
Development of Large Software Systems". In this paper, he argues software development is unlike the sequentially, siloed group phased execution
auto–manufacturing sector and proposed an iterative and incremental approach, while also acknowledging its risks, that today is commonly referred to
as agile methodology. Throughout my reading on the topic, I noted that the push for the use of agile methods in software development has been
referred to as a movement. And at the forefront of this movement is the Agile Alliance. In 2001, the Agile Alliance published the "Manifesto forAgile
Software Development". I will not explore this group or its manifesto further other than citing its opening salvo, listed on its website, in order to further
demonstrate the essence

Different Types Of Software Development Models
I selected this topic because it is vital to anyone who wants to develop software to understand the various types of software development models.
Software development models guide developers from start to finish for any given project. They encompass areas of development such as research,
planning, design, coding, testing, setup, and maintenance (Liviu, 2014, pg.39–40). Various software models exist so it is also important for developers
to know how to select the proper one that will be the most effective for their particular project. Although many models exist, for this review I will focus
on two of the most commonly used software development models, which are the waterfall model, and the incremental model. HOW EACH MODEL
WORKS. In this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The incremental model is also much more accepting of changing requirements compared to the waterfall model (1,17).
Analyze Weaknesses For the waterfall model, the rigorous planning prior to the project being started leads to a rigid design for the software (Ali,
2017, pg.16). The rigid design makes it difficult to accommodate for any changes that may need to be made along the way (Krishna, Sreekanth,
2016, pg.162). Ultimately, this could make the waterfall model risky as it has less flexibility (Dawson, 2014, pg.44). The waterfall model is not
very suitable for projects where some requirements may be unknown (2,162). Unknown requirements may call for a change in another part of the
project, which the waterfall model cannot tolerate (1,16). For the incremental model, one of the biggest challenges of using it stems from not having
all of the requirements defined before starting the project (1, 17). It requires more management to compensate for unknowns, as well as being used
for larger projects (2, 163). Since each cycle adds onto the previous one, design errors can become part of the system and can be difficult to remove
(2, 163). Staring a project with unknown requirements raises the risk of the project being completed correctly (1,17).
Understand Best Case Scenarios for Each Model The waterfall model excels in situations where requirements are clear and fully defined, as it is
unable to

Wells Fargo Waterfall Approach
Written off as a dying approach to software engineering I found that the Waterfall approach process was in fact alive and largely in use according
to a Queue opinion article (Neill, 2004). While surveying professionals for the article in Queue, the Waterfall approach was reported to be in use
by a third of the professionals that responded to the survey (Neill, 2004). I could not help but wonder if the Waterfall approach was some sort of
zombie process that was back from being presumed dead, or if the method was being used for convenience purposes. Before I would be able to
answer these questions for myself I would have to look into why these presumptions were made in the first place. The rigid methods employed by the
Waterfall approach makes it easy to manage because the team cannot move onto the next stage if all of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When a system update is going directly to Wells Fargo's consumer an Agile method should be considered. Such an approach is being used for the
redesign of Wells Fargo's consumer website, which now allows consumers to use a beta version. This allows consumers to interact with the new
software and provide feedback. This feedback can be used to overhaul the changes made to the website. For software that directly effects
consumer, I would believe having the ability to change aspects of the build would be vital as every consumer's needs are different. These types of
problems would not be as well defined due to the vast needs of every consumer. The development of software used in ATMs may need to be
overhauled due to a system issue that does not properly work for those that have vision impairment. The whole project cannot be scrapped due to one
issue that was overlooked. This overlook would be far costlier in a Waterfall method development than in an Agile method. Not only would the cost be
great the time lost could be detrimental if consumers are demanding

Agile V. Waterfall
Waterfall to Agile References Pavolka, R., Mount, V., Neymeyr, A., & Rhodes, C. From Waterfall to Rapid Prototyping (2005). Supporting
Enterprise–wide Adoption of the Oncourse Collaboration and Learning (CL) Environment at Indiana University. SIGUCCS '05 Proceedings of 33rd
Annual ACM SIGUCCS Fall Conference, 312 – 319. Northrop, Robert (2004). The Fall of Waterfall. Intelligent Enterprise 7.3, 40–41. Adams, John
(2013). Change in Software Techniques Helps FHLB Reduce Defects. American Banker, Technology Section, Volume 178 No. 23. I. Agile v. Waterfall
Agile Development Methods (Agile) and the Waterfall Method (Waterfall) are two different styles of designing and managing the Soft Development
Life–Cycle (SDLC)... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Implementation is very simply put the execution of the requirements in the design specifications document. During this phase, developers actually
write the code that makes the software system work. Hardware specialists similarly setup the equipment and hardware that are necessary for the
solution. The application is developed, debugged and tested against the design document and once it passes muster, the product is handed off to the
next phase: testing. Testing is often handled by a quality assurance team. The team upon taking delivery of the product refers back to the documents
created during conception and ensures that all of the requirements are satisfied by the solution. This team documents the project and uses business
cases or test cases to determine whether the solution actually is the complete solution and whether or not it actually works in its entirety. This team
generally hands off the functioning solution, its documentation and a user manual to the next phase: installation. An installation or delivery team then
hands the product over to the customer. This team also often provides formal training to the end–user. Delivery is followed by maintenance.
Maintenance of a product usually includes end–user support, debugging of system flaws that are discovered after delivery, and change requests. If
Waterfall is executed to the letter of its design, there will be no overlap between the separate phases of the project. Clearly defined

Defect Correction Is The Remediation Of A Software Condition
Defect Correction
Defect correction is the remediation of a software condition or result that contradicts or does not meet the needs of the software requirements (Defect,
2010). The agile test model is an automated and efficient process for detecting requirements and functionality variations (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014).
Also, unit testing activities are performed earlier within the life cycle and defects are identified sooner (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014). The early
identification of defects minimizes the costs for defect correction or rework (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014). The accelerated timeframe allows teams to
remediate defects before functionalities are demonstrated or sent to the customer for user acceptance testing (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014). Without
incremental methods, as evident in the waterfall model, identified defects are unknown until post customer delivery (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014). As a
result, the estimated costs for software development are exceeded to remedy code defects or cover the expense of rework for issues that customers
identify post implementation (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014). Finally, post development defects may result in the loss of customers given the impact and
severity (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014). An empirical study of development models revealed that agile model performance was superior to that of waterfall
with respect to defect detection and cost control (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014).
Estimation
Estimation is the process by which teams provide an assessment of the level of

The Software Development Life Cycle
The Software Development Life Cycle is a model, which consists of multiple steps or phases. This model is used for the development of software
or application. The purpose of SDLC is to make software more efficient and effective. The life cycle typically has six phases. It starts with analysis
and design phase, then the implementation/ construction phase, testing phase, release or deployment phase and ends with maintenance phase. The
analysis phase determines why the need for the software arose, the deliverables or outcome expected from the software or system and also identifies
the various requirements for the development. It is very important to involve users, stakeholders and working engineers in this phase, to ensure that
the "Why" criteria is thoroughly fleshed out. A well worked out analysis phase will help developers and architects to successfully work on the given
requirements in the design phase. The design phase might also involve building several use cases and building prototypes for users. Design can be
logical design, physical design or architectural design. In the construction phase, physical construction is done to complete the software (i.e.
programming, hardware, software and so on). The implementation phase turns the design into an actual product. The next phase tests the software for
possible vulnerabilities and bugs. This is to ensure that the product is safe from possible security breach. The product is tested in the real world to see
if it functions as

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Waterfall Management
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institute Java Institute for Advanced Technology
OBJECT ORIENTED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN H7DV 04 H7DV 04/AS/01
RUCHINI ERANDATHI SCN NO : 157474812 947814141V
WATERFALL METHODOLOGY
The waterfall model of software engineering for the systems development life cycle model is the most popular version. Often considered classic
approach to life cycle of systems development , linear and sequential waterfall model describes the development system. Waterfall development
objectives are different for each stage of a development .Imagine a waterfall on the cliff of an alp. Water has flowed over the edge of a steep
mountain side and has started walking down , it cannot turn back. It is same as the waterfall development. Once a phase of development is completed,
there is no turning back when the development proceeds to the next phase. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The rigidity of the model is easy to manage – Each stage has a specific distribution and review process.
In this methodology phases are processed and completed one at a time and phases do not overlap.
Waterfall methodology proceeding well for smaller projects where requirements are very well understood.
Disadvantages of waterfall methodology
When an application is in the testing stage, it is very hard to turn back and change something, that was not well–thought out in the concept stage.
No working software is produced until late during the life cycle.
Uncertainty and the risk, very high.
It is not a good methodology for complex and object–oriented

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Waterfall Model
Waterfall Model
What is the Waterfall Model?
The acronym (SDLC) which stands for System Development Life Cycle was the earliest to be used for system development and it is called "The
Waterfall Model". It can also be called as the "Linear–Sequential Life Cycle Model". The waterfall model illustrates software development process in a
liner sequential flow. If the previous phase is completed, the development process shall begin. The progression in the waterfall model is seen as
flowing gradually downwards through the phases as all these phases are arrange in a series or sequence to each other. The firstly phase should be
finished before continuing to the following phase and the next phase will only start later at the specified allocated of goals ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The models are used in highly builded physical environments in which changes after the implementation are very expensive, if it is not difficult to
deal with. Since it was first used in physical processes, one after another when software was not abundant, the waterfall model was only later modified
for software development.
How are ideas presented in a waterfall model?
Since the waterfall model is very straightforward and understandable and it follows a step–by–step procedure, ideas are presented in a specific manner.
The users of the model focus on only merely idea at a time and follow the waterfall model's phases and will carry on to the next set of ideas for
specified phases. As said in the other component of the research, the users of this model cannot proceed unless the stage in focus is finished.
Why is the waterfall model important?
The waterfall model is crucial because it can easily help the users and developers to understand the sequential procedure in development. Since it
shows the processes in a cascaded format, each process is easily recognized by anyone who looks at its

Analysis Of Hy Vee Corporate Headquarters
ASSIGNMENT #9(AGILE VS WATERFALL)MICHELLE WICHMAN
DUE DATE: 21JUN2015
POINTS POSSIBLE: 100
OVERVIEW: Hy–Vee Corporate headquarters is based in West Des Moines and is an employee
–owned supermarket. As of 2015, Hy–Vee has 233
stores across eight Midwestern states and $6.9B in annual revenue.
The article Scope Management in Agile Versus Traditional Software Development Methods (Israr Ur Rehman, et al, October 2010, NSEC '10:
Proceeding for the 2010 National Software Engineering Conference) discusses the importance of scope management, it's role and impact on a project,
and how it alone can lead projects toward failure. "A well–defined and well managed scope is very important for a qualitative, cost effective and timely
completion of the project (page 1). The replacement of traditional software development (Waterfall) byagile software development methods is very
apparent in cost, resources and time for the work.
Cost and resource needs are higher for traditional than Agile due to Waterfall's sequential development phase of all requirements determined in the
beginning, software design and finally implementation of master design. The need for all information up front takes substantial time to gather and the
sequential design does not allow for project changes as the flow enters into the programming stage. With Agile, costs remain low because there exists an
incremental and iterative approach to the project, meaning less time is used to collect all requirements up front, the

Disadvantage Of Waterfall Model
Waterfall Model benefit, disadvantage and critique Waterfall Model is the first software development process model proposed by Royce in 1970 which
is a linear sequential software development life cycle (SDLC) model. It is a sequential process model which does not overlap. It means that until the
one phase is not completed then next phase cannot start. Requirement Analysis: often know as Software Requirements Specification (SRS). In this
phase, all requirements of the software product are collected and documented in software requirement specification document. It implicates system and
business analysts to define both functional and non–functional requirements. Functional requirements are defined by means of use cases which describe
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, some enhancement can do in this phase if user is not fully satisfied. Waterfall approach has become so prevalent and popular that major US
governmental organization started utilizing it. The most famous uses of waterfall are in the US Department of Defense (DOD) and NATO.
Although waterfall utilized by many businesses and organizations around the world. Below are the are benefits and drawback to this approach
mentioned in many literatures. AdvantagesDisadvantage It is very easy to understand and use. Each phase has a specific deliverable and review
process. Phases are processed and completed one at a time. Works well for small projects where requirements are well understood. Clearly defined
phases. Well understood deliverables. Arranging tasks easily. Process and results are documented.Working software is available late during the life
cycle. It has a lot of risks. A poor model for large projects. It is not fit for projects where requirements are changed frequently. Difficult to measure
progress during phases. It cannot manage changing requirements. Adjusting scope during the process model can end a project. As waterfall is the
oldest, and is still widely practiced, it tends to be the standard against which other development approaches are compared. However, in general minimal
empirical evidence exists to support the advantages of any one

Process Of Software Development : The Waterfall Model
In this semester, we covered three SDLC's waterfall, incremental, and integration. The waterfall model divided the process of software development
into different steps and the next step could not be initialized until the current step was completed. Incremental development was more of an agile
development, since the processes could interleave. Integration development relies heavily on reusable code, which focused into integrating the
components into the system. GCC and CLANG strive to give users the latest and most recent updates of their compilers. Therefore, with both being
updated so frequently, the waterfall model is not the best SDLC for either of these systems. However, GCC or CLANG could be either incremental or
integration. Both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CLANG allows the public to submit changes that could become requirements, but they need to be validated by the CFE or DEV team depending on
what kind of changes need to be made. They also have standards that need to be followed in contemplation of changes becoming requirements.
Software documentation is a key part of the system in order to give guidance of how the architecture of the software project is made. CLANG uses
doxygen to generate its documentation, since the system is constantly changing. GCC uses their own online documentation to provide manuals and
latest releases. Both GCC and CLANG have incredibly detailed and easy to follow documentation, which gives the user the essential information to
perform any task on the compilers.
As described above in brief detail both GCC and CLANG allow the public to submit changes and both have standards that need to be followed in
order to get the changes looked at. GCC will only commit changes if is considered a major change. They have a description on what a major
change is as well as what the process is to make a major change. CLANG provides a more thorough explanation on what is done to validate a patch
and release it to the public, which makes it better in a way. CLANG describes the seven steps that merits a proposed extension, as well as the coding
standard that needs to be followed. Both systems have a complex way of validating changes, since they need to guarantee that the change is not only
valid but also doesn't

The Pyramid Of The Waterfall Model Is Imminent, And Other...
The first article I selected focuses on the Waterfall method of software development, entitled "The Demise of the Waterfall Model Is Imminent" and
Other Urban Myths. Authors P. Laplante and C. Neill, take a conversational, slightly cheeky approach to dispelling the prevailing thought that the
application of the Waterfall method was in steady, rapid decline. The Waterfall method is characterized by a methodical but rigid five step process to
developing software: Requirements; Design; Implementation; Verification; Maintenance. Each step is addressed completely before moving onto the
next step, and once in a given step of the process, there is usually no going backwards. This method favors a disciplined approach to development,...
The second myth that the authors address is one relating to prototyping, a missing element of the Waterfall method. The prevailing thought is that
prototyping offers an avenue to hasten the development process and can even minimize the number of errors. The authors go a step further in
identifying a subset of prototyping that is more incremental in nature, characterized by improving one's original prototype iteratively. This approach to
prototyping means that it evolves over time, thus aptly named evolutionary prototyping. The authors draw a fine balance in weighing the benefits and
costs associated with prototyping but ultimately, they reject that prototyping is necessary to increase the efficacy of the Waterfall method. They argue
that unlike an engineering solution, software prototypes can be used in the final prototypes, thanks to evolutionary prototyping. Yet, prototyping does
not necessarily correlate to decreased numbers of errors in programming. Their contention then is that the rigor built–in to the Waterfall method
ultimately delivers a greater quality end–product beyond the operational properties of the software, which is something prototyping does not
necessarily support. The final myth postulated is that the Waterfall method is underappreciated as an industry best practice. The authors state that while
a third of respondents cite it as the primary method of development, a slightly greater number of respondents

Assignment of S/W Eng..
U9 Assignment of
Software Engineering
Homework–1
Submitted by: Submitted To:
Name: Abhishek Mr. Amandeep sir
Section: E – 3004
Roll_No: RE3004B58
Group : 2
Part – A
Q1: Take a suitable example to develop a software and implement thewaterfall Model technique in it to develop the software ?
Ans: The waterfall model shows a process, where developers are to follow these phases in order: 1. Requirements specification (Requirements analysis)
2. Software Design 3. Integration 4. Testing (or Validation) 5. Deployment (or... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Justify your statement by giving some example.
Ans: Project management is a people intensive activity, and for this reason, competent practitioners often make poor team leaders. They simply don't
have the right mix of people skills. And yet, as Edgemon states unfortunately and all too frequently it seems individual just fall into a project manager
role and become accidental project managers.

Model of leadership
Motivation : The ability to encourage (by "push or pull") technical people to produce to their best ability.
Organization : The ability to mold existing processes (or invent new ones) that will enable the initial concept to be translated into a final product.
Ideas of innovation : The ability to encourage people to create and feel creative evan when they must work within bounds established for a particuler
software product or application.
Problem Solving :
Managerial identity : A good project manager must take charge of the project. She must have the confidence to assume control when necessary and the
assurance to all good technical people to follow their instinct.
Achievement : A complete manager must reward initiative and accomplishment to optimize the productivity of a project teem. She must demonstrate
through own action that controlled risk taking will not be punished.. Influence and team building : An effective project manager must be able to read
people she

An Integral Part Of Ensuring That Any Organization Runs
An integral part of ensuring that any organization runs smoothly, is ensuring that they have the proper software necessary to perform daily functions
effectively and efficiently. No two–software developed will ever be the same, and the same goes for its updates. This leads me to my next point
which is, since software programs are developed to meet the different needs of different organizations, it is difficult, better yet nearly impossible for
there to be just one type of method for software development. Thus, software development can take form in using anyone of the three categories. There
is the Rainfall method (also referred to as the traditional method), the Agile, and the Hybrid. This paper will feature the comparisons of two... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The article also covered the "Manifesto for Agile Software Development," which was an outcome of an event held in 2001. The "Manifesto for Agile
Software Development" is basically a set of values and principles that software developers came up with from that event that should help
themselves and others improve the ways of developing software. At the end of the article there is a list of the principles that make up the
Manifesto for Agile Software Development. The author also covered why Agile is becoming more favorable in regards to the software being
delivered in the form of a service and less of a good. He also explained the roles that the licensee and licensor played in the way that the Waterfall
Method software was delivered and updated. In addition, he compared it to the way Agile has changed software into more of a service that is
conducted over the Internet. This article also covers in a brief paragraph the purpose of a development agreement and some terms that can be included
in it to help both parties. Even though these development agreements can provide great uncertainty and high risk allocation, attorneys can use some
features of Agile to help with managing those problems, instead of, being opposed to the development of Agile projects. Now in the article, An
Excursion to Software Development Life Cycle, the author focuses more on the different stages in the software development

Implementing Developing An Information System

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