1. JELASKAN BEBERAPA POKOK PIKIRAN YANG BERKAITAN PEMBENTUKAN PERADILAN HAM.
2. ADA BEBERAPA NILAI NILAI YANG TERDAPAT PADA UNDANG UNDANG NO 26 TAHUN 2000 TENTANG PERADILAN HAM, JELASKAN.
3. APAKAH ICC DAPAT MENGADILI LAGI KASUS PELANGGARAN HAM YANG BERAT YANG SUDAH NE BIS IN IDEM , JELASKAN ALASANNYA.
4. APAKAH PENYELIDIKAN, PENYIDIKAN, PENUNTUTAN,, PEMERIKSAAN DIPERSIDANGAN DALAM PERKARA PELANGGARAN HAM YANG BERAT BISA DITERAPKAN UU NO 8 TAHUN 1981 ? JELASKAN.
5. URAIKAN PERBEDAAN PENYELIDIK DALAM UNDANG UNDANG NO 26 TAHUN 2000, DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN PENYELIDIK DALAM UNDANG UNDANG NO 8 TAHUN 1981.
6. URAIKAN APA SAJA WEWENANG PENYELIDIK DALAM PASAL 19 UNDANG UNDANG NO 26 TAHUN 2000 ?
7. BAGAIMANA PENDAPAT PENYIDIK SETELAH MENERIMA KESIMPULAN HASIL PENYELIDIKAN YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH KOMNAS HAM ?
8. APAKAH UNDANG UNDANG NO 26 TAHUN 2000 MENGATUR TENTANG PENYIDIK ? JELASKAN.
9. LEMBAGA MANA YANG BERWENANG MELAKUKAN FUNGSI PENYIDIK DALAM PERKARA PELANGGARAN HAM YANG BERAT ? JELASKAN DAN PASAL YANG YANG MENGATURNYA.
10. LEMBAGA MANA YANG YANGB BERWENANG MEMBERIKAN PERPANJANGAN PENYIDIKAN SERTA BERAPA LAMA TOTAL WAKTU YANG DIBERIKAN PENYIDIK UNTUK MELAKUKAN PENYIDIKAN.
The document discusses various sources related to marketing, including how Instagram allows users to view fashion through different time periods to help with outfit choices, how it has 46.1 million users, and how designers have sold out of product lines due to Instagram. It also mentions the need for companies to monitor social media and respond quickly.
Stefadina Comserv SRL, in parteneriat cu Asociatia Stefadina, realizeaza proiecte in domeniul managementului documentelor prin derularea a patru programe de formare profesionala, detalii aici: http://stefadina.ro/formare-profesionala
- Functionar documentare
- Arhivist
- Arhivar
- Legator manual
The document summarizes several accomplishments from the author's childhood and youth. As a child, the author received distinction for their dance school after intense training for a competition. At age 11, the author earned their first Go certificate after 4 years of study and winning prizes in the game. In high school, the author enjoyed programming as a hobby and received a certificate for a programming examination, showing their effort had paid off. Later, the author gave a well-received presentation on employability skills for a business class project. The author also volunteered at a business forum in 2012, learning event organization skills.
This document discusses the implementation of rainbow tables to crack MD5 hashes. It begins with an introduction to MD5 and how it works as a hashing algorithm. It then discusses how rainbow tables use a time-memory tradeoff approach to precompute hash chains in order to quickly crack MD5 hashes without needing to recalculate the hash function each time. The document provides an example of how a reduction function can be used to map hashes to plaintexts in the rainbow table chains. It concludes that rainbow tables allow for much faster cracking of MD5 hashes compared to brute force methods.
The document provides information from various sources about different topics including an appliance showcase, marketing degrees, career paths, fashion through Instagram, and data about user engagement from sources like Cisco, AdMedia Partners, and the National Retail Federation. It appears to be collecting various facts and figures from across different industries rather than focusing on one main topic.
As part of an internship group project, my team had to create a campaign that would increase positive feedback about JCPenney and positively affect their sales- this is what we came up with.
1. JELASKAN BEBERAPA POKOK PIKIRAN YANG BERKAITAN PEMBENTUKAN PERADILAN HAM.
2. ADA BEBERAPA NILAI NILAI YANG TERDAPAT PADA UNDANG UNDANG NO 26 TAHUN 2000 TENTANG PERADILAN HAM, JELASKAN.
3. APAKAH ICC DAPAT MENGADILI LAGI KASUS PELANGGARAN HAM YANG BERAT YANG SUDAH NE BIS IN IDEM , JELASKAN ALASANNYA.
4. APAKAH PENYELIDIKAN, PENYIDIKAN, PENUNTUTAN,, PEMERIKSAAN DIPERSIDANGAN DALAM PERKARA PELANGGARAN HAM YANG BERAT BISA DITERAPKAN UU NO 8 TAHUN 1981 ? JELASKAN.
5. URAIKAN PERBEDAAN PENYELIDIK DALAM UNDANG UNDANG NO 26 TAHUN 2000, DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN PENYELIDIK DALAM UNDANG UNDANG NO 8 TAHUN 1981.
6. URAIKAN APA SAJA WEWENANG PENYELIDIK DALAM PASAL 19 UNDANG UNDANG NO 26 TAHUN 2000 ?
7. BAGAIMANA PENDAPAT PENYIDIK SETELAH MENERIMA KESIMPULAN HASIL PENYELIDIKAN YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH KOMNAS HAM ?
8. APAKAH UNDANG UNDANG NO 26 TAHUN 2000 MENGATUR TENTANG PENYIDIK ? JELASKAN.
9. LEMBAGA MANA YANG BERWENANG MELAKUKAN FUNGSI PENYIDIK DALAM PERKARA PELANGGARAN HAM YANG BERAT ? JELASKAN DAN PASAL YANG YANG MENGATURNYA.
10. LEMBAGA MANA YANG YANGB BERWENANG MEMBERIKAN PERPANJANGAN PENYIDIKAN SERTA BERAPA LAMA TOTAL WAKTU YANG DIBERIKAN PENYIDIK UNTUK MELAKUKAN PENYIDIKAN.
The document discusses various sources related to marketing, including how Instagram allows users to view fashion through different time periods to help with outfit choices, how it has 46.1 million users, and how designers have sold out of product lines due to Instagram. It also mentions the need for companies to monitor social media and respond quickly.
Stefadina Comserv SRL, in parteneriat cu Asociatia Stefadina, realizeaza proiecte in domeniul managementului documentelor prin derularea a patru programe de formare profesionala, detalii aici: http://stefadina.ro/formare-profesionala
- Functionar documentare
- Arhivist
- Arhivar
- Legator manual
The document summarizes several accomplishments from the author's childhood and youth. As a child, the author received distinction for their dance school after intense training for a competition. At age 11, the author earned their first Go certificate after 4 years of study and winning prizes in the game. In high school, the author enjoyed programming as a hobby and received a certificate for a programming examination, showing their effort had paid off. Later, the author gave a well-received presentation on employability skills for a business class project. The author also volunteered at a business forum in 2012, learning event organization skills.
This document discusses the implementation of rainbow tables to crack MD5 hashes. It begins with an introduction to MD5 and how it works as a hashing algorithm. It then discusses how rainbow tables use a time-memory tradeoff approach to precompute hash chains in order to quickly crack MD5 hashes without needing to recalculate the hash function each time. The document provides an example of how a reduction function can be used to map hashes to plaintexts in the rainbow table chains. It concludes that rainbow tables allow for much faster cracking of MD5 hashes compared to brute force methods.
The document provides information from various sources about different topics including an appliance showcase, marketing degrees, career paths, fashion through Instagram, and data about user engagement from sources like Cisco, AdMedia Partners, and the National Retail Federation. It appears to be collecting various facts and figures from across different industries rather than focusing on one main topic.
As part of an internship group project, my team had to create a campaign that would increase positive feedback about JCPenney and positively affect their sales- this is what we came up with.
MD5 is a cryptographic hash function that produces a 128-bit hash value for a message of any length. It was originally designed to provide authentication of digital signatures but is no longer considered reliable for cryptography due to techniques that can generate collisions. MD5 operates by padding the input, appending the length, dividing into blocks, initializing variables, processing blocks through 4 rounds of operations with different constants each round, and outputting the hash value. While it was intended to be difficult to find collisions or recover the input, MD5 is no longer considered cryptographically secure due to attacks demonstrating collisions.
A cryptographic hash function, H is a function that transforms a string of any length to
a fixed length string. Cryptography is basically used for data security. Encryption is an
ancient concept. It has been using since the great king Julius Seger. As far as data
manipulation speed increases with time those encryption methods are becoming easy
to understand. So a more hard method is inventing day by day.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A hash function maps data of arbitrary size to a fixed size value called a hash. Common hash functions include MD5 and SHA, with MD5 producing a 128-bit hash. While hashes were once used to securely store passwords, MD5 is now considered cryptographically broken due to collisions being found in its compression function. One-way signatures allow multiple users to generate linked signatures on the same message in a verifiable chain.
This document summarizes the MD5 algorithm and proposes methods to strengthen it against cracking. It analyzes the MD5 algorithm and common cracking approaches. It then proposes several measures to improve MD5 security, including increasing password complexity, using secondary encoding, and increasing the length of the MD5 hash value through concatenation to reduce collision probability. It includes a demonstration program that implements one proposed method of increasing hash length through multiple encodings and concatenation.
This document discusses cryptographic hash functions. It provides an overview of hash functions and their properties like producing a fixed-length digest from an arbitrary-length message. It describes common hash functions like MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-2 and their structures. It also discusses attacks on hash functions and the need for a new secure hash standard to replace insecure functions like MD5 and the weakened SHA-1, leading to the NIST SHA-3 competition to select a new standard.
This document discusses cryptographic hash functions. It provides an overview of hash functions and their properties like producing a fixed-length digest from an arbitrary-length message. It describes common hash functions like MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-2 and their structures. It also discusses attacks on hash functions and the need for a new secure hash standard to replace insecure functions like MD5 and the soon-to-be insecure SHA-1, leading to the NIST SHA-3 competition to select a new standard.
This document provides a comparative analysis of the RSA and MD5 algorithms. It discusses the basics of cryptography and describes how MD5 works to generate a 128-bit hash value from a variable-length message using four rounds of processing. The document also compares different versions of MD5 (MD2, MD4, MD5) and describes how RSA uses a public/private key pair to enable secure communication.
The document discusses cryptographic hash functions, including an overview of their usage, properties, structures, attacks, and the need for a new secure hash standard. It describes how hash functions work by condensing arbitrary messages into fixed-size message digests. The properties of preimage resistance, second preimage resistance, and collision resistance are explained. Common hashing algorithms like MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2 are outlined along with vulnerabilities like birthday attacks. The document concludes by noting the need to replace standards like MD5 and SHA-1 due to successful cryptanalysis attacks.
This document discusses cryptographic hash functions. It provides an overview of hash functions and their properties like producing a fixed-length digest from an arbitrary-length message. Common hash functions like MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2 are described along with attacks against them. The need for a new secure hash standard, SHA-3, is explained due to weaknesses found in earlier standards like MD5 and SHA-1. The timeline and process for the SHA-3 competition to select a new standard by 2012 is summarized.
The document discusses cryptographic hash functions, including an overview of their usage, properties, structures, attacks, and the need for a new secure hash standard. Hash functions take an arbitrary-length message and condense it to a fixed length digest. They are used for applications like file integrity verification, password storage, and digital signatures. Key properties include producing fixed length outputs, and being preimage, second preimage, and collision resistant. Common hash functions like MD5 and SHA-1 have been broken or are becoming vulnerable to attacks. This highlights the need for a new secure hash standard with stronger security.
This document discusses cryptographic hash functions. It provides an overview of hash functions and their properties like producing a fixed-length digest from an arbitrary-length message. Common hash functions like MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2 are described along with attacks against them. The need for a new secure hash standard, SHA-3, is explained due to weaknesses found in earlier standards like MD5 and SHA-1. The timeline and process for the SHA-3 competition to select a new standard by 2012 is summarized.
The document discusses cryptographic hash functions, including an overview of their usage, properties, structures, attacks, and the development of standards. Hash functions take an arbitrary-length message and generate a fixed-length digest. They are used for applications like file integrity verification, password storage, and digital signatures. Key properties include producing the same hash for identical messages, being preimage and second preimage resistant, and collision resistant. Common hash functions include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2, and RIPEMD, with NIST developing new standards like SHA-3 due to attacks on older functions.
The document discusses cryptographic hash functions, including an overview of their usage, properties, structures, attacks, and the development of standards. Hash functions take an arbitrary-length message and generate a fixed-length digest. They are used for applications like file integrity verification, password storage, and digital signatures. Key properties include producing the same hash for identical messages, and being preimage and collision resistant. Common hash functions are based on the Merkle-Damgard structure and use compression functions. Attacks like birthday attacks aim to find collisions by processing many messages. Due to attacks on MD5 and concerns about SHA-1, NIST is developing a new secure hash standard called SHA-3.
The document discusses cryptographic hash functions, including an overview of their usage, properties, structures, attacks, and the need for a new secure hash standard. Hash functions take an arbitrary-length message and condense it to a fixed length digest. They are used for applications like file integrity verification, password storage, and digital signatures. Key properties include producing fixed length outputs, being preimage resistant (one-way), and collision resistant. Common hash functions like MD5 and SHA-1 have been broken or shown to be vulnerable to attacks. This highlights the need for a new secure hash standard with stronger security.
This document discusses weaknesses in the MD5 hashing algorithm for password encryption and proposes modifications to strengthen it. It begins by introducing MD5 and how it is commonly used to hash passwords for storage. However, MD5 is vulnerable to dictionary and rainbow table attacks. The document then suggests three modifications to MD5 to improve security: 1) Adding a salt value to each hashed password, 2) Iteratively hashing the password multiple times, and 3) Adding a random prefix or suffix to each hashed value before storage. These modifications aim to strengthen MD5 against cracking attempts.
An Enhanced Message Digest Hash Algorithm for Information Securitypaperpublications3
Abstract: Information is an important commodity in the world of Electronic communication. To achieve a secure communication between communicating parties, the protection of authenticity and integrity of information is necessary. Cryptographic hash functions play a central role in cryptology. A cryptographic hash function takes an input of arbitrary large size and returns a small fixed size hash value. It satisfies three major cryptographic properties: preimage resistance, second preimage resistance and collision resistance. Due to its cryptographic properties hash function has become an important cryptographic tool which is used to protect information authenticity and integrity. This thesis presents a review of cryptographic hash functions. The thesis includes various applications of hash functions. It gives special emphasis on dedicated hash functions MD5.
Recent breakthroughs in cryptanalysis of standard hash functions like SHA-1 and MD5 raise the need for alternatives. In the past few years, there have been significant research advances in the analysis of hash functions and it was shown that none of the hash algorithm is secure enough for critical purposes whether it is MD5 or SHA-1. Nowadays scientists have found weaknesses in a number of hash functions, including MD5, SHA and RIPEMD. So the purpose of this thesis is combination of some function to reinforce these functions and also increasing hash code of message digest of length up to 160 that makes stronger algorithm against collision and brute force attacks.
This document discusses the MD5 hashing algorithm. It begins by defining message digests and their purpose in detecting changes to data. It then provides details on the MD5 algorithm, including that it produces a 128-bit hash value and describes the main steps of the algorithm. It also discusses how MD5 can be used to authenticate file transmissions by comparing hash values of the sent and received files.
The document discusses cryptographic hash algorithms and focuses on MD5. It provides a list of hash algorithms and their properties. MD5 is described in detail, including its algorithm, applications, and history of attacks. While formerly widely used, MD5 is now considered broken due to vulnerabilities found in 2004 and 2008. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of hashing in cryptography and information security.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
More Related Content
Similar to implementation of rainbow tables to crack md5 codes
MD5 is a cryptographic hash function that produces a 128-bit hash value for a message of any length. It was originally designed to provide authentication of digital signatures but is no longer considered reliable for cryptography due to techniques that can generate collisions. MD5 operates by padding the input, appending the length, dividing into blocks, initializing variables, processing blocks through 4 rounds of operations with different constants each round, and outputting the hash value. While it was intended to be difficult to find collisions or recover the input, MD5 is no longer considered cryptographically secure due to attacks demonstrating collisions.
A cryptographic hash function, H is a function that transforms a string of any length to
a fixed length string. Cryptography is basically used for data security. Encryption is an
ancient concept. It has been using since the great king Julius Seger. As far as data
manipulation speed increases with time those encryption methods are becoming easy
to understand. So a more hard method is inventing day by day.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A hash function maps data of arbitrary size to a fixed size value called a hash. Common hash functions include MD5 and SHA, with MD5 producing a 128-bit hash. While hashes were once used to securely store passwords, MD5 is now considered cryptographically broken due to collisions being found in its compression function. One-way signatures allow multiple users to generate linked signatures on the same message in a verifiable chain.
This document summarizes the MD5 algorithm and proposes methods to strengthen it against cracking. It analyzes the MD5 algorithm and common cracking approaches. It then proposes several measures to improve MD5 security, including increasing password complexity, using secondary encoding, and increasing the length of the MD5 hash value through concatenation to reduce collision probability. It includes a demonstration program that implements one proposed method of increasing hash length through multiple encodings and concatenation.
This document discusses cryptographic hash functions. It provides an overview of hash functions and their properties like producing a fixed-length digest from an arbitrary-length message. It describes common hash functions like MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-2 and their structures. It also discusses attacks on hash functions and the need for a new secure hash standard to replace insecure functions like MD5 and the weakened SHA-1, leading to the NIST SHA-3 competition to select a new standard.
This document discusses cryptographic hash functions. It provides an overview of hash functions and their properties like producing a fixed-length digest from an arbitrary-length message. It describes common hash functions like MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-2 and their structures. It also discusses attacks on hash functions and the need for a new secure hash standard to replace insecure functions like MD5 and the soon-to-be insecure SHA-1, leading to the NIST SHA-3 competition to select a new standard.
This document provides a comparative analysis of the RSA and MD5 algorithms. It discusses the basics of cryptography and describes how MD5 works to generate a 128-bit hash value from a variable-length message using four rounds of processing. The document also compares different versions of MD5 (MD2, MD4, MD5) and describes how RSA uses a public/private key pair to enable secure communication.
The document discusses cryptographic hash functions, including an overview of their usage, properties, structures, attacks, and the need for a new secure hash standard. It describes how hash functions work by condensing arbitrary messages into fixed-size message digests. The properties of preimage resistance, second preimage resistance, and collision resistance are explained. Common hashing algorithms like MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2 are outlined along with vulnerabilities like birthday attacks. The document concludes by noting the need to replace standards like MD5 and SHA-1 due to successful cryptanalysis attacks.
This document discusses cryptographic hash functions. It provides an overview of hash functions and their properties like producing a fixed-length digest from an arbitrary-length message. Common hash functions like MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2 are described along with attacks against them. The need for a new secure hash standard, SHA-3, is explained due to weaknesses found in earlier standards like MD5 and SHA-1. The timeline and process for the SHA-3 competition to select a new standard by 2012 is summarized.
The document discusses cryptographic hash functions, including an overview of their usage, properties, structures, attacks, and the need for a new secure hash standard. Hash functions take an arbitrary-length message and condense it to a fixed length digest. They are used for applications like file integrity verification, password storage, and digital signatures. Key properties include producing fixed length outputs, and being preimage, second preimage, and collision resistant. Common hash functions like MD5 and SHA-1 have been broken or are becoming vulnerable to attacks. This highlights the need for a new secure hash standard with stronger security.
This document discusses cryptographic hash functions. It provides an overview of hash functions and their properties like producing a fixed-length digest from an arbitrary-length message. Common hash functions like MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2 are described along with attacks against them. The need for a new secure hash standard, SHA-3, is explained due to weaknesses found in earlier standards like MD5 and SHA-1. The timeline and process for the SHA-3 competition to select a new standard by 2012 is summarized.
The document discusses cryptographic hash functions, including an overview of their usage, properties, structures, attacks, and the development of standards. Hash functions take an arbitrary-length message and generate a fixed-length digest. They are used for applications like file integrity verification, password storage, and digital signatures. Key properties include producing the same hash for identical messages, being preimage and second preimage resistant, and collision resistant. Common hash functions include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2, and RIPEMD, with NIST developing new standards like SHA-3 due to attacks on older functions.
The document discusses cryptographic hash functions, including an overview of their usage, properties, structures, attacks, and the development of standards. Hash functions take an arbitrary-length message and generate a fixed-length digest. They are used for applications like file integrity verification, password storage, and digital signatures. Key properties include producing the same hash for identical messages, and being preimage and collision resistant. Common hash functions are based on the Merkle-Damgard structure and use compression functions. Attacks like birthday attacks aim to find collisions by processing many messages. Due to attacks on MD5 and concerns about SHA-1, NIST is developing a new secure hash standard called SHA-3.
The document discusses cryptographic hash functions, including an overview of their usage, properties, structures, attacks, and the need for a new secure hash standard. Hash functions take an arbitrary-length message and condense it to a fixed length digest. They are used for applications like file integrity verification, password storage, and digital signatures. Key properties include producing fixed length outputs, being preimage resistant (one-way), and collision resistant. Common hash functions like MD5 and SHA-1 have been broken or shown to be vulnerable to attacks. This highlights the need for a new secure hash standard with stronger security.
This document discusses weaknesses in the MD5 hashing algorithm for password encryption and proposes modifications to strengthen it. It begins by introducing MD5 and how it is commonly used to hash passwords for storage. However, MD5 is vulnerable to dictionary and rainbow table attacks. The document then suggests three modifications to MD5 to improve security: 1) Adding a salt value to each hashed password, 2) Iteratively hashing the password multiple times, and 3) Adding a random prefix or suffix to each hashed value before storage. These modifications aim to strengthen MD5 against cracking attempts.
An Enhanced Message Digest Hash Algorithm for Information Securitypaperpublications3
Abstract: Information is an important commodity in the world of Electronic communication. To achieve a secure communication between communicating parties, the protection of authenticity and integrity of information is necessary. Cryptographic hash functions play a central role in cryptology. A cryptographic hash function takes an input of arbitrary large size and returns a small fixed size hash value. It satisfies three major cryptographic properties: preimage resistance, second preimage resistance and collision resistance. Due to its cryptographic properties hash function has become an important cryptographic tool which is used to protect information authenticity and integrity. This thesis presents a review of cryptographic hash functions. The thesis includes various applications of hash functions. It gives special emphasis on dedicated hash functions MD5.
Recent breakthroughs in cryptanalysis of standard hash functions like SHA-1 and MD5 raise the need for alternatives. In the past few years, there have been significant research advances in the analysis of hash functions and it was shown that none of the hash algorithm is secure enough for critical purposes whether it is MD5 or SHA-1. Nowadays scientists have found weaknesses in a number of hash functions, including MD5, SHA and RIPEMD. So the purpose of this thesis is combination of some function to reinforce these functions and also increasing hash code of message digest of length up to 160 that makes stronger algorithm against collision and brute force attacks.
This document discusses the MD5 hashing algorithm. It begins by defining message digests and their purpose in detecting changes to data. It then provides details on the MD5 algorithm, including that it produces a 128-bit hash value and describes the main steps of the algorithm. It also discusses how MD5 can be used to authenticate file transmissions by comparing hash values of the sent and received files.
The document discusses cryptographic hash algorithms and focuses on MD5. It provides a list of hash algorithms and their properties. MD5 is described in detail, including its algorithm, applications, and history of attacks. While formerly widely used, MD5 is now considered broken due to vulnerabilities found in 2004 and 2008. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of hashing in cryptography and information security.
Similar to implementation of rainbow tables to crack md5 codes (20)
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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2. 20/04/2016 Information Security 2
Outlines
1. Introduction to Hash functions
2. Message Digest 5 (MD5)
3. Applications
4. MD5 collision
5. Implementation of MD5 in Java
6. Attacks on MD5
7. Rainbow tables
8. How rainbow tables work?
9. Conclusion
3. 20/04/2016 Information Security 3
Introduction to Hash functions
Hash functions are third type of cryptography.
Hash functions generate shortlength strings from
arbitrary length input message.
4. 20/04/2016 Information Security 4
Introduction to Hash functions
Hash functions have three fundamental properties:
It must be able to easily convert digital information
(message) into a fixed length value.
It must be computationally impossible to find two
files to have the same hash.
It must be computationally impossible to derive any
information about the input message from just the
hash.
Note: the main difference between hashing and
encryption is that a hash is not reversible.
5. 20/04/2016 Information Security 5
Message Digest 5 (MD5)
MD5 is a hash function that was developed in 1991
by Ronald Rivest.
MD5 produces a 128bit (16 byte) hash value,
typically expressed in text format as a 32 digit
hexadecimal number.
6. 20/04/2016 Information Security 6
Applications
MD5 is used to verify file integrity and to encrypt
passwords
Verification of file integrity
File servers often provide a precomputed MD5
checksum for the file, so the user can compare the
checksum of the downloaded file to it.
7. 20/04/2016 Information Security 7
Applications
Passwords encryption
A more secure way is to store a
hash of the password, rather
than the password itself.
8. 20/04/2016 Information Security 8
MD5 collision
A collision is when there are two files with the same
hash. The first practical collisions on MD5 were in
2004 by Wang, Feng, Lai and Yu.
10. 20/04/2016 Information Security 10
Attacks on MD5
Rainbow tables
A rainbow table is a precomputed tables for
reversing cryptographic hash functions.
A rainbow table makes brute forcing a password
hash much easier, by removing the most
computationally complicated part of a brute force.
The values are already computed, it's simplified to
just a simple searchandcompare operation on the
table.
11. 20/04/2016 Information Security 11
How rainbow tables work?
Rainbow tables use reduction and hash functions.
A hash function maps plaintexts to hashes, the
reduction function maps hashes to plaintexts.
There are two methods to find a given plaintext:
Hash each plaintext one by one, until we find the
hash
Hash each plaintext one by one, but store each
generated hash in a stored table so that we can easily
look the hash up later without generating the hashes
again.
13. 20/04/2016 Information Security 13
Conclusion
Password storage is one important aspect of data
security.
MD5 is used for encrypting plaintext passwords into
strings that theoretically can't be deciphered due to
their oneway encryption feature.
Rainbow tables are the new generation of cracking,
using advanced method for cracking passwords.
There were improvement on MD5 processing by adding
salt value, which makes passwords more resistant to
rainbow tables.
14. 20/04/2016 Information Security 14
References
Xiaoyun Wang, Dengguo Feng, Xuejia Lai, and Hongbo Yu.
Collisions for Hash Functions MD4, MD5, HAVAL128 and
RIPEMD. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2004/199, 2004.
http://eprint.iacr.org/.
Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu. How to Break MD5 and Other
Hash Functions. In Ronald Cramer, editor, Advances in
CryptologyEUROCRYPT 2005, volume 3494 of Lecture Notes
in Computer Science, pages 19–35. Springer, 2005.
Rivest, R., The MD4 Message Digest Algorithm, RFC 1320,
MIT and RSA Data Security, Inc., April 1992.
15. 20/04/2016 Information Security 15
References
Mary Cindy Ah Kioon, Zhao Shun Wang and Shubra Deb Das.
Security Analysis of MD5 algorithm in Password Storage, 2013,
pages 4.
Praveen Gauravaram, Adrian McCullagh and ED Dawson.
Collision Attacks on MD5 and SHA1: Is this the “Sword of
Damocles” for Electronic Commerce?, 2006, pages 7388.
WarpBoy. Rainbow tables explained, 2006, pages 11.
source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_table,
April 16 th , 2016, visited 18/04/2016.