how technology influenced tourism industry

1. Introduction
• The tourism system is inevitably influenced by the new business
environment created by the diffusion of ICTs
• Information Technology is one of the external environment elements
for tourism, travel and hospitality
• In recent years technological developments have supported tourism
innovation
• ICTs have become an imperative partner for tourism
• They offer the interface between consumers and suppliers globally
• ICTs provide the tools and enable the evolution of tourism demand
and supply

2. Tourism Innovation
• Innovation means introducing a new thing to the world. Innovation
is generally taking place to offer improved product and services to
the customer as well as organizational business gaining. Product,
process and business model innovation.
• Innovations facilitate tourism firms can increase operational
efficiency
• Create more value for customers by improving the quality of their
services and offering more customized experiences
• it has the capacity to transform the industry positively

3. Innovative Technology Framework for Tourism

4. Innovative Tourism/ Digital Tourism/ Smart Tourism
• Digital Tourism is the use of digital tools to prepare, organize, control and enjoy
the travel experience when doing Tourism
• Digital technology includes computing, communication and content.
• Websites.
• Buying and Selling Online.
• Smartphones.
• Digital Televisions.
• Video Streaming.
• eBooks.
• Digital Music.
• Geolocation (Geographical Location).

5. Smart Tourism Definition
• Smart tourism is an advanced stage of tourism
informationization.
• It consists of digital, intelligent, and virtual tourism based on
digital, intelligent, and virtual technology.
• Information relating to tourist activities the consumption of
products, and tourism and social resources can be instantly
integrated based on information and communications
technology;
• it provides to tourists, enterprises, and organizations with a
variety of end-user devices

6. Continued
• ST consists of information and communication technology tools
include IoT, mobile communication, cloud computing, and artificial
intelligence.
• It combines physical, informational, social, and commercial
infrastructure of tourism with such tools to provide smart tourism
opportunities.
• The principles of smart tourism lie at enhancing tourism experiences,
improve the efficiency of resource management,
• maximize destination competitiveness with an emphasis on
sustainable aspects.
• It should also gather and distribute information to facilitate efficient
allocation of tourism resources and integrate tourism supplies at a
micro and macro level ensuring that the benefits are well distributed

7. Types of Tourism Technology
• Mobile Technology.
• Augmented Reality. ...
• Internet of Things (IoT) ...
• Big Data. ...
• Blockchain Technology. ..

8. Mobile Technology
• Mobile technology offers privileges to consumers in order to identify,
customize and purchase tourism products and support the
globalization of the industry by providing tools for developing,
managing and distributing beneficiaries worldwide.
• Technology and service innovations are making it easier and cheaper
to discover, reach and enjoy travel destinations.

9. Augmented Reality
Augmented Reality is a technology that produces an enhanced
environment when being viewed through a particular device.
• It is meant to enhance our experience and increase our joy while
exploring the world. So AR is a perfect tool for tourism. It adds new
value and opens new opportunities for both the tourist and the
tourism industry.
• Easy access to information
• Better Marketing and Advertising
• Enhanced convenience and comfort
• Makes tourist places more attractive

10. IoT Definition
• The Internet of Things (IoT) involves adding internet connectivity to everyday
devices and appliances, allowing them to communicate with one another, and
this offers numerous benefits for those operating within the travel industry,
including the ability to deliver a superior customer experience and to optimize
internal processes.
• Personalization
• Real-Time Information
• In-Flight Experience
• Streamlined Operations
• Customer Service
• Automation
• Tourist Experience
• Maintenance

11. Application of IoT in tourism

12. Big data in Tourism
• By analyzing big data, Tourism businesses can gain insights that lead
to better business decisions, beat competitors, learn about their
customers in-depth, and grow strategically.
• Big Data technologies provide ample data storage space and presents
information collected from a wide range of sources in a structured
manner. It enables businesses in the travel and tourism industry to
take immediate decisions as per the changing customer demand.
• Hotels can use big data to assist with revenue management
strategies; it allows operators to more accurately anticipate levels of
demand for rooms. ... Also, big data can be used to predict demand
and future trends, which are important for executing revenue
management strategies successfully

13. Benefits of Big Data
• Revenue Management To maximize financial results, hotels and other tourism companies need to be
able to sell the right product, to the right customer, at the right moment, for the right price, via the right
channel, and big data can be invaluable for this.
• Reputation Management- customers can leave reviews on a wide range of different platforms, including
social media sites, search engines and dedicated review websites, sharing their opinions and experiences.
Moreover, customers are increasingly checking these reviews and comparing different hotels before they
make a booking.
• Strategic Marketing--- big data can help tourism companies to adopt a more strategic approach to their
marketing efforts, targeting the right people in the right way. to identify the main trends that exist among
their customers, where the similarities are, and what the best marketing opportunities are.
• Customer Experience-- Through this data, companies can make more informed, data-driven decisions about
the services they currently provide, the services they no longer need to provide, the services they want to
introduce, and the new technology they choose to invest in.
• Market Research--- it can help business leaders to spot potential gaps in the market, or opportunities to
deliver in ways that rivals are failing to. This can, in turn, lead to greater demand and higher revenue.

14. Application of big data in Tourism

15. Block chain In Tourism
Blockchain refers to the technique that allows a data to be exchanged directly between the
two parties without the need for an intermediary.
Drivers: Disintermediation, Security, Automation, Immutability, Trust, Costs, Traceability

17. Benefits of Blockchain Technology in Tourism
• Digital Identity and Data Protection
• Real Rating & Reviews
• Secure and Traceable Payments
• Customer Loyalty Programs
• Gamification and Guest Experiences
• Tracking Baggage
• Sharing Economy

19. Continued…….
Any destination can be a smart tourist destination if it consists of the following;
• Soft smartness; includes collaborations, innovation, and leadership
• Hard smartness; refers to all the technology and infrastructure
However, the availability of any of the above does not make for a smart
destination.
It depends on the availability of hard smartness which enables improvement of
human capital and smart decisions based on the application of technology and
infrastructure.

20. Continued………….
Smart tourism requires the following attributes:
• Technology embedded environments
• Responsive processes at micro and macro levels
• End-user devices
• Stakeholders that actively use smart platforms

21. Continued
• Smart tourism tools refer to a combination of mobile hardware,
software, and networks to enable interaction between tourists,
stakeholders, and physical objects.
• The communication must be able to provide personalized services
and real-time information for making smart decisions.
• Three specific smart tourism tools are
1. mobile applications,
2. augmented reality, and
3. near-field communications.

22. Smart Tourism System

23. The e-Tourism concept
• E-Tourism reflects the digitization of all processes and value chains in
the tourism, travel, hospitality and catering industries
• At the tactical level it includes e-Commerce, e-Procurement and all
ICT empowered functions
• E-Tourism applies ICTs for maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness
of the tourism organization
• At the strategic level it revolutionizes all business processes and
changes the industry structure
• Hence it revolutionizes the entire value chain and the strategic
relationships of tourism organizations with all their stakeholders

24. Continued…………………..
• E-Tourism determines the competitiveness of all tourism
organizations and destinations
• Takes advantage of intranets, extranets and the Internet
• It includes all business functions
• E-Tourism bundles together three distinctive disciplines
• Business and management, Information systems and information
management, Tourism, travel, hospitality.

25. Innovative Technology

26. Practices in tourism by ICTs
• Best operational practices in tourism by ICTs
• Major drivers make ICTs an integral part of the tourism industry
• Economic necessity
• The proliferation of the Internet
• Development of 3G mobile devices and interactive television
• Improvements in ICTs' price/performance ratios
• Rising consumer expectations
• ICTs can also assist the reduction of operation and communication
costs

27. Operational practices in tourism
ICTs changes best operational practices in tourism
• Integrating operational systems
• Maximizing internal efficiencies
• Decreasing the number of people required for back office jobs
• Reducing the amount of face to face or telephone communications
• Enabling consumers to have access to all information that was
previously only obtainable by direct contact with tourism
organizations.

28. Reduction of operation and communication costs by:
• ICTs assist the reduction of operation and communication costs by:
• Integrating operational systems
• Maximizing the internal efficiencies
• Decreasing the number of people required for back office jobs
• Reducing the amount of face to face or telephone communications
• Enabling consumers to have access to all information

29. Hospitality Functions Supported
Critical tourism and hospitality functions supported by ICTs Front office:
reservations,
check-in,
payments Back office: accounting, payroll, human resources management,
marketing, procurement Communication with consumers and partners
• Control of business processes and personnel
• Customer entertainment and service
• Marketing research and industrial espionage
• Reaction and management of unexpected events
• Flexible and dynamic pricing
• Differentiation and personalization of products
• Monitoring performance indicators
• Building feedback mechanisms

30. Networking tools in the Tourism Industry
Telecommunications and Networking tools in the Tourism Industry
• Telephone, telex and fax
• Mobile devices
• Telex
• Videotext and new data
• Teletext
• Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
• Inter-organisational and Intra-organisational networking
• Virtual reality
• Information superhighway (converges media, telecommunications and
information technology)

31. Applications in the tourism industry used currently
• Examples of ICT Applications in the tourism industry used currently
• Entire range of hardware, software and netware
• Stand-alone computers and network devices
• Office automation, reservation, accounting, payroll and procurement
management applications
• Portable/wireless communication devices

32. Continued………….
• Internal management tools such as management support systems,
decision support systems and management information systems
• Tailor-made internal management applications
• Databases and knowledge management systems
• Internet/Intranets/Extranets
• Networks with partners for regular transactions (EDI or
Extranets)Networking and open distribution of products through the
Internet

33. Continued…..
• Computer Reservation Systems (CRSs)
• Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) (e.g. Galileo, SABRE, Amadeus, Worldspan)
• Switch applications for hospitality organisations (e.g. THISCO and WIZCOM)
• Destination Management Systems (DMSs)
• Internet-based travel intermediaries (e.g. Expedia.com, Travelocity.com, Preview
Travel, Priceline.com etc)
• Mobile/WAP based reservation systems
• Traditional distribution technologies supporting automated systems (e.g.
Videotext)
• Calling centers
• Interactive Digital Television (IDTV)CD-ROMs
• Kiosks and touch screen terminals

34. Functions of Intranet
• Global Distribution Channels (GDS)incorporate a comprehensive range of
services and products
• provide a global distribution info-structure
• satisfy consumers' need for easy access
• provide transparent and easy to compare information
• Tourism suppliers use CRSs & GDSs to manage & distribute their capacity as
they enable flexible pricing & capacity alterations
• reduce communication costs
• provide managerial information on demand patterns or competitors'
position
• serve the travel trade (intermediaries)support quick and firm responses to
customers' enquiries

35. Functions of Intranets in Tourism
• Communication between departments
• business functions
• networking and information exchange
• human resources management
• staff coordination
• Communication and function with branches

36. Continued ……………..
• coordination of operations
• reports and budgeting
• availability/prices/information orders from
headquarters/administration
• share of common resource databases for customer and operational
information
• operational planning
• accounting/billing payroll supplies management

37. Functions of extranets in tourism
•Links between partners
•availability/prices inquiries
•negotiations and bargaining
•reservations and confirmations
•lists of groups/visitors
•receipts/documents
•vouchers and tickets production
•travelling facilitation
•follow up progress

38. Continued
• keep partners informed about plans
• Amend plans
• follow up developments
• feedback and clearing commissions
• payment and commissions clearance
• feedback and suggestions
• complaint handling
• building loyalty through data mining