IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This study focuses on determining a working âselection criteria modelâ that will help Information
Technology (IT) companies choose the right candidates to work on their IT projects in areas such as system
design, requirement gathering and management,
Employersâ expectation for soft skills as one of the criteria for undergradu...Thesigan Nadarajan
Â
As coordinator for Bangkok University International (BUI) office of Academic and Professional development that comes under purview of the Dean of BUI, I routinely carry out partnership assessment analyses of universities in different countries. In the process, I have observed how progressive universities creatively change in their undergraduate educational structure according to the demands of the industrial and economic trends in order to remain relevant. One such industrial demand is in the form of the current trend towards the services-centred economy that places more importance on soft skills as one of the criteria for graduate employability. Having technical skills such as in Information Technology (IT) alone does not suffice anymore. Employers are beginning to expect and require the added criteria of soft skills for employment considerations. Even in Malaysia, research findings from studies by researchers like Yusof, H.S.M., Munap, R., Said, N.S.M., Ali, S.R.O., & Mat, K.A., (2017) who in their research entitled, âEmployers Perspectives on Graduates Employability Skills: Soft Skills,â proved that there is a positive correlation between soft skills and employee productivity that affects employers perspective on undergraduate employability. Another study by Salleh, K.M., Sulaiman, N.L., Mohamad, M.M., & Sern, L.C., (2016) in their research entitled, âAssessing soft skills components in science and technology programs within Malaysian Technical Universities,â confirms the need for soft skills for the employability of graduates. The objective of this theoretical paper is to highlight current employersâ expectation for soft skills as one of the criteria for undergraduate employability. Therefore, this paper will examine and discuss: 1) What are the current employersâ perceptions of soft skills that undergraduates should possess; 2) What are the roles and meanings of soft skills; 3) How individual factors (gender, socioeconomic status) and contextual factors (industry, work culture, social stability) influences the development of soft skills; 4) How soft skills can be integrated as part of the formal learning cycle; 5) How soft skills can be integrated as part of individual personality development; and lastly, 6) How to measure soft skills before and after undergraduate employment. It is hoped that this paper will create awareness of the current industrial and employersâ employment expectations, and the meaning and role of soft skill as one of the criteria for undergraduate employability.
Keywords: Soft skills, integrity, communication, courtesy, responsibility, social skills, positive attitude, professionalism, flexibility, teamwork, and work ethic
Ph.D Public Viva Voce - PPT - Thesis - New Product Development Strategy and Analysis: A Study With Special Reference to Fabrication Engineering Industries in Chennai
Design of Success Criteria Based Evaluation Model for Assessing the Research ...Waqas Tariq
Â
Innovations and inventions are not outcomes of single activity of any organization. This is a result of collaboration of different partners. Collaborated research of university and industry can enhance the ability of scientist to make significant advances in their fields. The evaluation of collaborated research between university and industry has created the greatest interest among the collaborational researchers because it can determine the feasibility and value of the collaboration. This paper intends to illustrate the evaluation metrics and success criteria- based evaluation model in between university-industry in their collaborated research. For bridging the model, the success criteria have been identified based on key evaluation metrics. A successful Collaboration of university and industry is not dependent on any single metric but instead on the confluence of multiple metrics from the growth of basic research to commercialization. This study is intended to provide different evaluating metrics to impound the research collaboration constraints between university and industry, and design success criteria to upsurge the successful linkage. For this purpose we have developed constraints and success criteria based evaluation metrics (CASEM) model. The proposed model is appropriate for almost all types of collaborations specially research collaborations between university and industry. By adopting this model, any university or industry can easily cross the threshold in the grown-up research collaborational community.
Life Science Studentsâ Expectations on the Importance and Impact of Education...Adela Banciu
Â
The aim of the study was to determine the students' expectations before and after MSc and teachers' perception of the educational process from the perspective of developing
employment opportunities.
This study focuses on determining a working âselection criteria modelâ that will help Information
Technology (IT) companies choose the right candidates to work on their IT projects in areas such as system
design, requirement gathering and management,
Employersâ expectation for soft skills as one of the criteria for undergradu...Thesigan Nadarajan
Â
As coordinator for Bangkok University International (BUI) office of Academic and Professional development that comes under purview of the Dean of BUI, I routinely carry out partnership assessment analyses of universities in different countries. In the process, I have observed how progressive universities creatively change in their undergraduate educational structure according to the demands of the industrial and economic trends in order to remain relevant. One such industrial demand is in the form of the current trend towards the services-centred economy that places more importance on soft skills as one of the criteria for graduate employability. Having technical skills such as in Information Technology (IT) alone does not suffice anymore. Employers are beginning to expect and require the added criteria of soft skills for employment considerations. Even in Malaysia, research findings from studies by researchers like Yusof, H.S.M., Munap, R., Said, N.S.M., Ali, S.R.O., & Mat, K.A., (2017) who in their research entitled, âEmployers Perspectives on Graduates Employability Skills: Soft Skills,â proved that there is a positive correlation between soft skills and employee productivity that affects employers perspective on undergraduate employability. Another study by Salleh, K.M., Sulaiman, N.L., Mohamad, M.M., & Sern, L.C., (2016) in their research entitled, âAssessing soft skills components in science and technology programs within Malaysian Technical Universities,â confirms the need for soft skills for the employability of graduates. The objective of this theoretical paper is to highlight current employersâ expectation for soft skills as one of the criteria for undergraduate employability. Therefore, this paper will examine and discuss: 1) What are the current employersâ perceptions of soft skills that undergraduates should possess; 2) What are the roles and meanings of soft skills; 3) How individual factors (gender, socioeconomic status) and contextual factors (industry, work culture, social stability) influences the development of soft skills; 4) How soft skills can be integrated as part of the formal learning cycle; 5) How soft skills can be integrated as part of individual personality development; and lastly, 6) How to measure soft skills before and after undergraduate employment. It is hoped that this paper will create awareness of the current industrial and employersâ employment expectations, and the meaning and role of soft skill as one of the criteria for undergraduate employability.
Keywords: Soft skills, integrity, communication, courtesy, responsibility, social skills, positive attitude, professionalism, flexibility, teamwork, and work ethic
Ph.D Public Viva Voce - PPT - Thesis - New Product Development Strategy and Analysis: A Study With Special Reference to Fabrication Engineering Industries in Chennai
Design of Success Criteria Based Evaluation Model for Assessing the Research ...Waqas Tariq
Â
Innovations and inventions are not outcomes of single activity of any organization. This is a result of collaboration of different partners. Collaborated research of university and industry can enhance the ability of scientist to make significant advances in their fields. The evaluation of collaborated research between university and industry has created the greatest interest among the collaborational researchers because it can determine the feasibility and value of the collaboration. This paper intends to illustrate the evaluation metrics and success criteria- based evaluation model in between university-industry in their collaborated research. For bridging the model, the success criteria have been identified based on key evaluation metrics. A successful Collaboration of university and industry is not dependent on any single metric but instead on the confluence of multiple metrics from the growth of basic research to commercialization. This study is intended to provide different evaluating metrics to impound the research collaboration constraints between university and industry, and design success criteria to upsurge the successful linkage. For this purpose we have developed constraints and success criteria based evaluation metrics (CASEM) model. The proposed model is appropriate for almost all types of collaborations specially research collaborations between university and industry. By adopting this model, any university or industry can easily cross the threshold in the grown-up research collaborational community.
Life Science Studentsâ Expectations on the Importance and Impact of Education...Adela Banciu
Â
The aim of the study was to determine the students' expectations before and after MSc and teachers' perception of the educational process from the perspective of developing
employment opportunities.
Linking Professional Business Education with Job Performance and career progr...Dr. Syed Kashan Ali Shah
Â
A published research paper on Linking Professional Business Education with Job Performance and career progression: A stakeholder satisfaction perspective
The Effectiveness of Virtual R&D Teams in SMEs: Experiences of Malaysian SMEsNader Ale Ebrahim
Â
The number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), especially those involved with research and development (R&D) programs and employed virtual teams to create the greatest competitive advantage from limited labor are increasing. Global and localized virtual R&D teams are believed to have high potential for the growth of SMEs. Due to the fast-growing complexity of new products coupled with new emerging opportunities of virtual teams, a collaborative approach is believed to be the future trend. This research explores the effectiveness of virtuality in SMEsâ virtual R&D teams. Online questionnaires were emailed to Malaysian manufacturing SMEs and 74 usable questionnaires were received, representing a 20.8 percent return rate. In order to avoid biases which may result from pre-suggested answers, a series of open-ended questions were retrieved from the experts. This study was focused on analyzing an open-ended question, whereby four main themes were extracted from the expertsâ recommendations regarding the effectiveness of virtual teams for the growth and performance of SMEs. The findings of this study would be useful to product design managers of SMEs in order to realize the key advantages and significance of virtual R&D teams during the new product development (NPD) process. This in turn, leads to increased effectiveness in new product development's procedure.
This power point pres will be useful for all the budding PhD aspirants who are preparing for their viva irrespective of their subject. Good Luck & All the Best !
factors affecting enterprises' access to formal credit in can tho city, vietnamijtsrd
Â
The objective of the study is to identify factors affecting the formal credit accessibility of enterprises in Can Tho City. Research data were collected using a quota sampling with a sample size of 300 active enterprises. The binary logistic regression was adopted. The study showed that factors influencing the access to formal credit of enterprises are the managers level of education, management experience, operation time, business size, fixed asset, and social capital. In which, the business size is the most powerful factor affecting the formal credit accessibility of enterprises. Nguyen Quoc Nghi | La Nguyen Thuy Dung "Factors Affecting Enterprises' Access to Formal Credit in Can Tho City, Vietnam" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32911.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/finance/32911/factors-affecting-enterprises-access-to-formal-credit-in-can-tho-city-vietnam/nguyen-quoc-nghi
Research on dynamic effects of employability of vocational college students i...ijcsit
Â
This study used the dynamic scenario simulation of system dynamics to perform simulation on the effects of
education policies, trend of employment demand, and employability qualities of vocational college
graduates on the development of employment demand in Taiwanâs technology industry. According to the
research results, dynamic situational simulation of system dynamics can be used to simulate the effect of
changes in education policy system with time on the development and trend of employment demand in
technology industry. The simulation results of policy scenario showed that the talent shortage in technology
industry should be overcome by improving education policy. The problem of talent shortage cannot be
effectively alleviated until the matching rate between education policy and employment demand reaches
90%. The simulation results of this study can be provided as reference for education policy planners to
improve the employability of vocational college students. It is intended to provide valuable suggestions to
reduce the unemployment rate of vocational college graduates and to substantially reduce the gap between
industries and academia, in order to further enhance Taiwanâs competitiveness in the global economic
system.
âBitcoin Technologyâ Bitcoin is an innovative technology that offers several benefits, such as fast transaction speeds, low costs, and the elimination of the need for a third-party intermediary to process transactions. Unfortunately, BitCoin has faced resistance from regulators because the technology has been used for nefarious purposes, including online drug purchases and Ponzi schemes. This note provides a basic explanation of how BitCoin works and is currently regulated on federal and state levels. This note argues that BitCoin should not be forced into old regulatory frameworks that do not adequately balance security concerns with the benefits of BitCoin. BitCoin should not be regulated at the federal level. Instead, state regulations should focus on BitCoin providers that can unilaterally transfer or block transfers of BitCoin on behalf of users. State regulators should require such providers to register with their given states, maintain adequate books and records, implement advanced cyber security standards, conduct audits of their operations, and submit reports to state regulators. In crafting these regulations, regulators should keep in mind that vague or poorly drafted regulations will chill innovation. A Bitcoin would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution. Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted third party is still required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network.
NARRATING THE INNOVATION OF TAIWAN'S CULTURE AND EDUCATION BUSINESS IN ENTREP...ijcsit
Â
The development of Taiwan's culture and education business was virtually business operation full of interesting changed and struggled with adversities. This study adopted narrative approach and empirical research to explore development of Taiwan's culture and education business, the counter measures and responses of enter prises to such changes. Through the case study o "Taiwan Knowledge Bank (TKB)",it analyzed the mutual effects between the development of Taiwan's culture and education business and business operation. The narration of operator sledus back to the past, which brought about inspirations in terms of operation and management. The results of this study contained eight points: 1) Balance between innovation and risk to create a new business group; 2) Content is king; 3)Integrate core competitiveness to give full play of the comprehensive effect of economies of scope;(4)Create a new business group via blended learning; 5)Establish a system to implement business plan; 6)It's both difficult to startup and maintain a business;7) March the last mile of" betterness education"; 8) The recognition of entrepreneurship and operation innovation of entrepreneurs and employees. The results serve as the development strategies for the vast market of culture and education business and the reference of entrepreneurship and transformation of culture and education business.
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Impact of the Quality of University Education on Labour Market in Sri Lanka.inventionjournals
Â
The unemployment rate of graduates is being a major threat to the economic growth of Sri Lanka during the past decade. The reason for this unemployment was evident as the mismatch between the labour market expectation and skills acquired by the graduates. During past years due to the establishment of private universities a huge competition is being observed among public and private university graduates to secure their places in the labour market. Thus this research aims to explore the relationship between quality of the university education and labour market performance of graduates. This research studied the objectives via questionnaire with 5 point likert scale with 100 employed business graduates from selected three firms and with HR managers of the respective firms. The collected data was analyzed through Pearsonâs correlation test and by simple linear regression analysis. The study concluded that the quality of education has a weak impact on the labour market outcome in Sri Lanka. Moreover it also pointed out that although the personality trait as the sub variable of quality of education, it has no significant impact on the labour market outcome. The increased mismatch between the quality of university education and the labour market outcome occurs due to the benchmark on the quality of education set by the HR managers.
This study is an initial attempt, to investigate the factors that are responsible in driving the growth of Project Management Education in India. For more info visits http://www.pmi.org.in/reports.asp
Masters vs Job: Factors which Help Students to Decide between the TwoDr. Amarjeet Singh
Â
The main idea of the study is to find out the factors that affect the key decision which results in choosing of one option between pursuing a masterâs degree after college or going for placement after graduation. Researcher has collected data from 120 college going students and graduates. The data was accumulated using Google forms, it was analysed using Googleâs analytical instruments. It was found out that students do not follow any trend to pursue their next goal but they decide upon factors which are directly or indirectly related to their personal lives and circumstances. Although most common answer recorded during the survey was that how some students do not want a break amidst their studies and on other hand some of them want to learn and gain practical experience.
Analysis of Competitive Advantage in the perspective of Resources Based View.IOSR Journals
Â
Conditions of competition between colleges service providers, both private and state, require leaders and college administrators to do everything possible in order to gain competitive advantage compared with other similar institutions. In the perspective of RBV attempt to gain competitive advantage through the utilization of internal resources of the organization consisting of tangible aspects, intangible aspects, as well as the capability aspects. So far, in the research of Competitive Advantage on RBV perspective, in the context of universities has not existed yet that combine the aspects of tangible, intangible, and capability in a research model to study. This study aims to analyze the effect of market orientation, HR Competencies and Territory Management in creating a competitive advantage, as well as its impact on organizational performance. The survey research is conducted at 142 Institutions of Higher Education of Muhammadiyah in Indonesia, represented by the head of each institutions. The research findings indicate that Competitive Advantage is significantly influenced by market orientation and HR (Human Resources) Competence. Meanwhile, HR Competency directly no significant effect on organization performance, but must be mediated by a Competitive Advantage. Meanwhile, the Territory Management can directly affect the performance of organizations, but has no effect on Competitive Advantage
Linking Professional Business Education with Job Performance and career progr...Dr. Syed Kashan Ali Shah
Â
A published research paper on Linking Professional Business Education with Job Performance and career progression: A stakeholder satisfaction perspective
The Effectiveness of Virtual R&D Teams in SMEs: Experiences of Malaysian SMEsNader Ale Ebrahim
Â
The number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), especially those involved with research and development (R&D) programs and employed virtual teams to create the greatest competitive advantage from limited labor are increasing. Global and localized virtual R&D teams are believed to have high potential for the growth of SMEs. Due to the fast-growing complexity of new products coupled with new emerging opportunities of virtual teams, a collaborative approach is believed to be the future trend. This research explores the effectiveness of virtuality in SMEsâ virtual R&D teams. Online questionnaires were emailed to Malaysian manufacturing SMEs and 74 usable questionnaires were received, representing a 20.8 percent return rate. In order to avoid biases which may result from pre-suggested answers, a series of open-ended questions were retrieved from the experts. This study was focused on analyzing an open-ended question, whereby four main themes were extracted from the expertsâ recommendations regarding the effectiveness of virtual teams for the growth and performance of SMEs. The findings of this study would be useful to product design managers of SMEs in order to realize the key advantages and significance of virtual R&D teams during the new product development (NPD) process. This in turn, leads to increased effectiveness in new product development's procedure.
This power point pres will be useful for all the budding PhD aspirants who are preparing for their viva irrespective of their subject. Good Luck & All the Best !
factors affecting enterprises' access to formal credit in can tho city, vietnamijtsrd
Â
The objective of the study is to identify factors affecting the formal credit accessibility of enterprises in Can Tho City. Research data were collected using a quota sampling with a sample size of 300 active enterprises. The binary logistic regression was adopted. The study showed that factors influencing the access to formal credit of enterprises are the managers level of education, management experience, operation time, business size, fixed asset, and social capital. In which, the business size is the most powerful factor affecting the formal credit accessibility of enterprises. Nguyen Quoc Nghi | La Nguyen Thuy Dung "Factors Affecting Enterprises' Access to Formal Credit in Can Tho City, Vietnam" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32911.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/finance/32911/factors-affecting-enterprises-access-to-formal-credit-in-can-tho-city-vietnam/nguyen-quoc-nghi
Research on dynamic effects of employability of vocational college students i...ijcsit
Â
This study used the dynamic scenario simulation of system dynamics to perform simulation on the effects of
education policies, trend of employment demand, and employability qualities of vocational college
graduates on the development of employment demand in Taiwanâs technology industry. According to the
research results, dynamic situational simulation of system dynamics can be used to simulate the effect of
changes in education policy system with time on the development and trend of employment demand in
technology industry. The simulation results of policy scenario showed that the talent shortage in technology
industry should be overcome by improving education policy. The problem of talent shortage cannot be
effectively alleviated until the matching rate between education policy and employment demand reaches
90%. The simulation results of this study can be provided as reference for education policy planners to
improve the employability of vocational college students. It is intended to provide valuable suggestions to
reduce the unemployment rate of vocational college graduates and to substantially reduce the gap between
industries and academia, in order to further enhance Taiwanâs competitiveness in the global economic
system.
âBitcoin Technologyâ Bitcoin is an innovative technology that offers several benefits, such as fast transaction speeds, low costs, and the elimination of the need for a third-party intermediary to process transactions. Unfortunately, BitCoin has faced resistance from regulators because the technology has been used for nefarious purposes, including online drug purchases and Ponzi schemes. This note provides a basic explanation of how BitCoin works and is currently regulated on federal and state levels. This note argues that BitCoin should not be forced into old regulatory frameworks that do not adequately balance security concerns with the benefits of BitCoin. BitCoin should not be regulated at the federal level. Instead, state regulations should focus on BitCoin providers that can unilaterally transfer or block transfers of BitCoin on behalf of users. State regulators should require such providers to register with their given states, maintain adequate books and records, implement advanced cyber security standards, conduct audits of their operations, and submit reports to state regulators. In crafting these regulations, regulators should keep in mind that vague or poorly drafted regulations will chill innovation. A Bitcoin would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution. Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted third party is still required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network.
NARRATING THE INNOVATION OF TAIWAN'S CULTURE AND EDUCATION BUSINESS IN ENTREP...ijcsit
Â
The development of Taiwan's culture and education business was virtually business operation full of interesting changed and struggled with adversities. This study adopted narrative approach and empirical research to explore development of Taiwan's culture and education business, the counter measures and responses of enter prises to such changes. Through the case study o "Taiwan Knowledge Bank (TKB)",it analyzed the mutual effects between the development of Taiwan's culture and education business and business operation. The narration of operator sledus back to the past, which brought about inspirations in terms of operation and management. The results of this study contained eight points: 1) Balance between innovation and risk to create a new business group; 2) Content is king; 3)Integrate core competitiveness to give full play of the comprehensive effect of economies of scope;(4)Create a new business group via blended learning; 5)Establish a system to implement business plan; 6)It's both difficult to startup and maintain a business;7) March the last mile of" betterness education"; 8) The recognition of entrepreneurship and operation innovation of entrepreneurs and employees. The results serve as the development strategies for the vast market of culture and education business and the reference of entrepreneurship and transformation of culture and education business.
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Impact of the Quality of University Education on Labour Market in Sri Lanka.inventionjournals
Â
The unemployment rate of graduates is being a major threat to the economic growth of Sri Lanka during the past decade. The reason for this unemployment was evident as the mismatch between the labour market expectation and skills acquired by the graduates. During past years due to the establishment of private universities a huge competition is being observed among public and private university graduates to secure their places in the labour market. Thus this research aims to explore the relationship between quality of the university education and labour market performance of graduates. This research studied the objectives via questionnaire with 5 point likert scale with 100 employed business graduates from selected three firms and with HR managers of the respective firms. The collected data was analyzed through Pearsonâs correlation test and by simple linear regression analysis. The study concluded that the quality of education has a weak impact on the labour market outcome in Sri Lanka. Moreover it also pointed out that although the personality trait as the sub variable of quality of education, it has no significant impact on the labour market outcome. The increased mismatch between the quality of university education and the labour market outcome occurs due to the benchmark on the quality of education set by the HR managers.
This study is an initial attempt, to investigate the factors that are responsible in driving the growth of Project Management Education in India. For more info visits http://www.pmi.org.in/reports.asp
Masters vs Job: Factors which Help Students to Decide between the TwoDr. Amarjeet Singh
Â
The main idea of the study is to find out the factors that affect the key decision which results in choosing of one option between pursuing a masterâs degree after college or going for placement after graduation. Researcher has collected data from 120 college going students and graduates. The data was accumulated using Google forms, it was analysed using Googleâs analytical instruments. It was found out that students do not follow any trend to pursue their next goal but they decide upon factors which are directly or indirectly related to their personal lives and circumstances. Although most common answer recorded during the survey was that how some students do not want a break amidst their studies and on other hand some of them want to learn and gain practical experience.
Analysis of Competitive Advantage in the perspective of Resources Based View.IOSR Journals
Â
Conditions of competition between colleges service providers, both private and state, require leaders and college administrators to do everything possible in order to gain competitive advantage compared with other similar institutions. In the perspective of RBV attempt to gain competitive advantage through the utilization of internal resources of the organization consisting of tangible aspects, intangible aspects, as well as the capability aspects. So far, in the research of Competitive Advantage on RBV perspective, in the context of universities has not existed yet that combine the aspects of tangible, intangible, and capability in a research model to study. This study aims to analyze the effect of market orientation, HR Competencies and Territory Management in creating a competitive advantage, as well as its impact on organizational performance. The survey research is conducted at 142 Institutions of Higher Education of Muhammadiyah in Indonesia, represented by the head of each institutions. The research findings indicate that Competitive Advantage is significantly influenced by market orientation and HR (Human Resources) Competence. Meanwhile, HR Competency directly no significant effect on organization performance, but must be mediated by a Competitive Advantage. Meanwhile, the Territory Management can directly affect the performance of organizations, but has no effect on Competitive Advantage
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Student's Behaviour in Start Up Business Trendijtsrd
Â
This paper focuses on the students' trend in starting their own businesses on graduation. Moreover, it evaluates the undergraduate students at university level to create their own companies on graduation and analyse the personal attributes and competencies that may influence such trend. The statistical procedures adopted in the processing of the data collected from a sample of 240 students with particular regard to the possibility of their establishing their own enterprise. Gender, risk, factors related to profession employment choice and academic training were found to significantly affect students' interest in and motivation for start up business. Huynh Canh Thanh Lam ""Student's Behaviour in Start-Up Business Trend"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30147.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/commerce/30147/student%E2%80%99s-behaviour-in-startup-business-trend/huynh-canh-thanh-lam
Entrepreneurship-Based Course Design: A Case Study of Its Application in Huma...ikhsan setiawan
Â
The advancement and prosperity of a country are, in part, determined by the number of entrepreneurs in that country. Entrepreneurs can help a countryâs economy by opening numerous job opportunities. In this respect, higher education institutions are expected to create a great number of entrepreneurs. One of the core components in a higher education activity is a course. Thus, a course should be better designed in such a way that can raise studentâs motivation to get involved in entrepreneurial activities. This paper describes the application of an entrepreneurship-based course design in Human Resource Planning and Development (HRPD) course during the even semester of academic year 2014/2015 at Narotama University Surabaya. The most important part of that design is the main assignment that instructs the students to establish their own small business plans which cover vision, mission, and strategy for at least the next five years. After that, they must establish a detailed enough plan to conduct various human resource management activities directed to get qualified employees who can support the business in implementing its strategy. Finally, this paper also discusses the effectiveness of the HRPD course design in enhancing the studentsâ entrepreneurial motivation.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Higher Education, Course Design, Human Resource Management, Studentâs Entrepreneurial Motivation
Entrepreneurship-Based Course Design: A Case Study of Its Application in Huma...ikhsan setiawan
Â
The advancement and prosperity of a country are, in part, determined by the number of entrepreneurs in that country. Entrepreneurs can help a countryâs economy by opening numerous job opportunities. In this respect, higher education institutions are expected to create a great number of entrepreneurs. One of the core components in a higher education activity is a course. Thus, a course should be better designed in such a way that can raise studentâs motivation to get involved in entrepreneurial activities. This paper describes the application of an entrepreneurship-based course design in Human Resource Planning and Development (HRPD) course during the even semester of academic year 2014/2015 at Narotama University Surabaya. The most important part of that design is the main assignment that instructs the students to establish their own small business plans which cover vision, mission, and strategy for at least the next five years. After that, they must establish a detailed enough plan to conduct various human resource management activities directed to get qualified employees who can support the business in implementing its strategy. Finally, this paper also discusses the effectiveness of the HRPD course design in enhancing the studentsâ entrepreneurial motivation.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Higher Education, Course Design, Human Resource Management, Studentâs Entrepreneurial Motivation
Running head EDUCATION1EDUCATION 3Educati.docxsusanschei
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Running head: EDUCATION 1
EDUCATION 3
Education
Name
Institution
The US education system has come under a lot of criticisms because of the gap that exists between the curriculum and the expectations of employers in the market (America Institutes for Research, 2013). As a business owner, I support an increased focus on professional and technical training. The current economy demands complex knowledge, which means the current workforce should be highly trained workers (America Institutes for Research, 2013). The demands of the current economy cannot be compared to what was required in the past. There is a necessity for change in the education system to ensure that the suitable graduates churned out every year. Document Set 2 shows that there are 3.3 million job opportunities in the United States. Most of these jobs go for over month without being filled. It is a confirmation that the problem is the gap between what is taught and what is needed in the market. The information has been obtained from White House Job Council, which is a government controlled site. The information is backed by extensive research.
Research has discredited the myth that there is a job shortage in the country. There are many industries that have created jobs that require individuals with the appropriate training and education. Therefore, the problem is the lack of a strong connection between what is taught in school and the economy. There is a need to increase focus on the current curriculum to ensure that students are taught what exists in the market. A collaboration between higher learning institutions and employers is necessary to ensure that new graduates possess skills relevant to the demands of the current economy.
Technology has become an essential part of many industries, which explains the increased demand for professional and technical skills (Edmonson, 2005). Change is necessary to ensure that increased focus is given to technical education (Clagett & Nguyen, 2014). There is the option of creating a curriculum that instills the values obtained from liberal arts and technical education to help train versatile graduates.
As a business owner, I will take the following steps to clarify this information:
¡ Conduct an extensive research to determine what is required in the current job market.
¡ Discuss the issue with my employees and colleagues to get their views on the issue.
¡ Develop a recommendation paper that can be used by institutions of higher learning to show what is needed in the current job market.
Response to Discussion
The views presented by the author are supported by facts, which makes it difficult to dispute his/her position. The current economy is in demand for professional and technical skills, which warrants a special focus on technical education. However, many factors that should be considered to explain why there are many job openings that go for months without being filled. Experience, location, and compensat ...
The Factors Affecting the Development of Entrepreneurship School in Education...inventionjournals
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This study aimed to identify factors involved in developing Entrepreneur school and understanding the Executive requirements of these schools in Educational system of Iran (Case Study of MAZANDARAN province). Relying on the theory of organizational entrepreneurship and data based theory (Grounded Theory) the factors effective in creating a school for entrepreneurs were identified. The population of the study in Interview section was 20 experts in the Field of educational sciences from the University of Educators, entrepreneurship teachers and school administrators and for qualitative validation were 20 faculty members of University of Educators and school administrators. The research tools were open interview and content analysis techniques .The research findings indicate that the two groups factors of inside and outside organization and 3 dimensions of personal, organizational and environmental abilities and 16 components of Features (psychological , attitude, motivational), management style, organizational ,Mental and interpersonal skills, new methods of reward, management support, Delegate, deadline, curricula system , strategic orientation, entrepreneurial culture, entrepreneurship education, space and equipments, government policies, socio-economic and cultural conditions, financial and non-financial support are effective in building this kind of entrepreneur school. Also the results of qualitative validation or questionnaire distribution in the first step have resulted to the Removal of the concepts of parental education; parental social status and evaluation system due to an average of less than 4.In the implementation of the second round questionnaire, Kendal correlation coefficient was calculated and Kendall's w = 0.705 was obtained, suggesting a strong consensus among panel members in the research.
International Conference on "Next Generation Education for Entrepreneurial Engineers" March 10-11, 2014 conducted by SR engineering college, Warangal in association with IEEE, IETE, NET, TIE
The Impact of Employment Progression on Students Towards Higher Educationinventy
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Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
EMBELLISHING INNOVATION CULTURE FOR INVIGORATING ENGINEERING EDUCATIONIAEME Publication
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A paradigm is insinuated for the insertion of innovation in engineering education to improve student learning, evolution in business drive. An outline has been delivered for the students of engineering and technology in order to assist the companies, regions and students by using their knowledge. The economic development is determined by the strategic partnerships through elementary research, training technology transfer and technical assistance. A change in the design and delivery of traditional model of engineering education is required by rapid advancement in technologies, cognitive science and economic globalization.
Can Technological, Organizational and Individual Antecedents Together Optimiz...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
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Faculty membersâ are the intellectual leader for
developing societies. It is believed that the new knowledge
is created and transferred to the people in the Universities.
Although, relatively still an infancy field of research,
studies in Knowledge Management (KM) and Knowledge
Sharing (KS) continue to be on the boost. Knowledge
Sharing and Innovation are also whispered to be interrelated and could influence organizational performance.
Studies show that individualâs knowledge does not renovate
simply into institutional knowledge even with the use of
knowledge depository. Furthermore, it is also believed that
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can
enhance knowledge sharing with the integration of
individual behaviour and diverse organizational factors. As
a comparatively new field of research, studies on
knowledge sharing based on Information Systems (IS) in
developed countries is also on the increase. Unfortunately,
knowledge sharing research in the higher academic
institutions in developing countries were mostly found to be
given trivial considerations. Therefore, the aim of this
study is to investigate whether the technological,
organizational and individual factors together can help
increase Knowledge Sharing in HEIs and contribute it in
augmenting organizational performance in developing
countries. The methodology of this study was
subjective/argumentative i.e., idea generation in
Information Systems (IS). The findings of the study reveal
that utilizing the technological, organizational and
individual antecedents together for organizational
knowledge sharing can augment overall organizational
performance. The study explored the antecedents that
increased innovation in organizations. These were the
individual intention, attitude, self-efficacy for training and
development, subjective norm, organizational trust,
leadership, organizational rewards, organizational culture,
social network, and use of ICT. It also reveals that KS
could be increased in the organizations utilizing selecting
and initiating proper antecedents for practicing KS. We
desire to extend this study to further an empirical
investigation on the same issue to validate the research
results.
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
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Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
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Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customerâs Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailerâs Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumersâ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets â A comparative studyiosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
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Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website â www.pmday.org
Youtube â https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB â https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
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Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. Youâll also learn
⢠Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
⢠The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
⢠Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
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www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
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Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
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Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.đ¤Ż
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience đĽ
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales đ˛
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. đ
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, youâll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
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This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
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RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
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Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
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A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Impact of education on innovation performance: evidence from Azerbaijan construction industry
1. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 17, Issue 12 .Ver. II (Dec. 2015), PP 75-80
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/487X-171227580 www.iosrjournals.org 75 | Page
Impact of education on innovation performance: evidence from
Azerbaijan construction industry
Rahim Mir-Babayev1
1
School of Management, Shanghai University, China
Abstract: We have attempted to check the relationship between education diversity between employees and
innovation performance of the firm. Also, we have tried to find an answer to the question will firms be more
innovative if the level of education degree be higher. We have collected the data through surveying 50 firms in
Azerbaijan construction industry and used correlation-regression analyzes and found that there is no evidence
of the relationship between diverse education degrees of employees of the firm and innovation performance. In
addition, we found that higher education level might have some effect on being firms more innovative,
particularly master degree holders.
Keywords: innovation, education, diversity, degree, patents
I. Introduction
Economic growth is one of main goals for any participants of free market, weather it is a country or a
firm. According to Hasan and Tucci [1], countries rely on innovative products for economic growth. Therefore,
it is important to know how to boost innovation in an effective way. One important factor is education [2]. So
far, the literature mainly concentrates on the relation between education and the probability of becoming an
entrepreneur or between education and performance. During writing this paper we have looked through the
related literature and found that only few empirical papers have tried to explain innovation with the type of
education as main determinant. Toivanen and Väänänen [3] investigate whether an engineering degree has an
influence on the registration of patents. Individuals with an engineering background have a positive effect on
invention (measured as number of patents). However, the authors do not distinguish between different types of
firms.
Here in our paper we investigate two aspects of impact of education on innovation performance in
firms. The central research question is whether firms with diverse educational background staff will be more
innovative than firms with more homogenous content of employees. Beside of it we want to find the answer to
the question whether innovation can be explained by personal attributes of the entrepreneur, where the main
explanatory variable is the higher degree of education. To analyze these question, we have used correlation-
regression analyzes technique with a sample from Azerbaijan Construct industry. Azerbaijan construction
industry is chosen as a sample due to eligibility of data access and due to comparatively high level of
innovativeness of firms in this industry in Azerbaijan. Also recent construction boom in Azerbaijan had made its
contribution in choosing this industry as a sample. We have used negative binomial regression as our dependent
variable is in form of count data and consists of the sum of all types of innovation.
II. Literature review
The development of innovation abilities is of great importance for scientific progress and industrial and
social development. The influence of education on the propensity for innovation has been the subject of several
studies.
According to Gendron [4] the most American schools already have entrepreneurship courses. In his
research, the question was about the level of education, which must individuals have for enhancing the
entrepreneurial education and how this training affects innovation behavior. There is some evidence in literature
where the importance of entrepreneurship education is mentioned [5], and the emphasis is placed in the contents
that should be or not transmitted and how it stimulate the entrepreneurial process of the students.
The analysis of the main axes of research around the concept of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship
education at university-level studies seem to have the best results. However, most of them study the relationship
between earnings and education, and it is hard to say if earnings is proxy to innovation.
There is a small literature on the impact of college quality [6, 7, 8]. Hoestra [7] is the most convincing
study since it exploits a sharp discontinuity in admissions criteria to show that attending a âflagshipâ state
university in the US increases earnings by about 20%.
Lindley and Machin [9] use LFS data and estimate that the premium for a Masters (PhD) degree
relative to a Bachelorâs degree rises from 8% (14%) in 1996 to 11% (24%) in 2009. LE also provides estimates
their average figures are approximately 9% for Master and 15% for PhD.
2. Impact of education on innovation performance: evidence from Azerbaijan construction industry
DOI: 10.9790/487X-171227580 www.iosrjournals.org 76 | Page
Toivanen and Väänänen [3] investigate whether an engineering degree has an influence on the
registration of patents. They conclude that persons with engineering background have a positive effect on
invention. The above-mentioned paper concentrates on the distinction between non-high-tech and high-tech
startups. In their opinion, persons with technical education could have a comparative advantage in the high-tech
industry because they have more knowledge in their field.
de Mel et al. [10] in his work propose a model of innovation where the probability of being innovative
depends on the managerâs ability. They examine whether the traits of the firm characteristics are able to explain
different types of innovation. The authors use the Sri Lanka Longitudinal Survey of Enterprises between
January and May 2008. They distinguish between four different types of innovation: product, process, marketing
and organizational innovation.
Two independent regressions are conducted: one for the traits of the entrepreneur and one for firm
characteristics. The authors find that beside firm size the owner characteristics also play an important role for
explaining innovation. Thus, the greater the years of schooling and IQ, the more probability of the firm to be
innovative. However, the authors do not include the type of education in their analysis. Sauermann and Cohen
[11] also have a different focus compared to this study. They look at how employeesâ incentives influence
innovation in companies. Thus, they do not analyze start-ups and concentrate on employees with a doctoral
degree.
Based on some logical conclusions and on conducted literature review we propose the following hypothesis:
Hypothesis 1. Higher the level of education degree the more innovative is the firm.
Dutta et al. [12] analyze whether and how specialized and diversified education influence the entry
decision into entrepreneurship and future wealth prospects (in the sense of performance). A similar contribution
is provided by Lazear [13], who defines diversified and specialized skills, which are strongly related to
education.
From a theoretical point of view, it is an unresolved question whether diversity in formal education
levels should foster innovativeness and increase the innovation output of a firm. Like other types of knowledge
diversity [14], educational diversity has two opposite effects on innovation ability referring to the cost and
benefits of the collaboration process.
On the one hand, vertical educational diversity might increase innovation performance. Different types
of education might provide alternative bodies of knowledge [15, 16, 17] which can be combined on the firm
level and improve decision-making. Collaboration of employees with different educational backgrounds along
with different experiences, insights, or interests might cause different interpretations of problems, enhance
problem awareness, and increase the spectrum of problem solutions. This is not least because diversity is likely
to improve the absorptive capacity of a firm [19, 20, 21]. These two opposing forces might explain the mixed
empirical results provided by the literature concerning the impact of educational diversity on the innovation
performance of firms. Ăstergaard et al. [22] match data from the Danish innovation survey to employee data and
find that horizontal educational diversity of employees with tertiary educationâ diversity in terms of thematic
background at the same education levelâimproves the probability of introducing an innovation. However, they
claim that this positive relationship might decrease for higher levels of horizontal diversity. Also based on
Danish employerâ employee data but merged this time with patent data, Markus and Kongsted [23] find that
hiring R&D workers distant from one another in the educational space [24], improves exploratory patent
applications. Their focus on R&D workers suggests that their measure of diversity is mainly driven by
horizontal diversity. Furthermore, the benefit of hiring distant workers decreases with rising diversity in the
existing workforce. Parrotta et al. [25] use the same dataset as Parrotta et al. [26] to analyze the effect of
horizontal educational diversity on innovation performance. In addition to instrumenting educational diversity
by exploiting regional variation, they use preâ sample information to account for unobserved firm
characteristics. They also include measures of knowledge spillovers based on geographic and technological
distances to account for external knowledge. They find little evidence that horizontal educational diversity
affects patenting propensity, patenting intensity, or patenting diversity.
The different metaâ analyses of the literature on the relationship between teamâ member diversity and
innovation performance provide mixed results as Williams and OâReilly [27], Horwitz [28], Horwitz and
Horwitz [28] and HĂźlsheger et al. [29] suggest a positive relationship, while the more recent paper by van Dijk
et al. [30] finds no relationship.
There are only a few papers that focus on vertical educational diversity across education levels.
McGuirk and Jordan [31] use Irish firm data to estimate the impact of educational diversity in Irish counties on
the propensity to introduce product and process innovation. Calculating a Blau Diversity index for each Irish
county based on six categories (primary school, lower secondary school, upper secondary school, thirdâ level
nonâ degree, and thirdâ level degree or higher), they find that educational diversity improves product innovation
but not process innovation. They further find that educational diversity on the labor market acts as a substitute
3. Impact of education on innovation performance: evidence from Azerbaijan construction industry
DOI: 10.9790/487X-171227580 www.iosrjournals.org 77 | Page
for absorptive capacity, measured as internal tertiary education share. Subramanian et al. [32] base their
educational diversity analysis on data from the national R&D survey in Singapore and use patents as a measure
of innovation performance. They analyze vertical educational diversity, measured by one minus the Herfindahl
concentration index, but focus on education levels within tertiaryâ educated employees only. They show mixed
results. In their baseline estimation they do not detect any significant differences in innovation between similar
and diverse educational level populations in the workforce of research scientists and engineers.
Similarly, Faems and Subramanian [33] could not find any significant relationship between diversity in
terms of different types of educational degrees (PhD, master, bachelor, postgrad, or no academic degree) among
R&D manpower and their technological performance. Hence, they analyze vertical educational diversity but
focus on tertiary degrees. On the innovation system level, Meuer et al. [34] applied a vertical educational
diversity measure in order to characterize different types of innovation systems. They found that specialization
is the key characteristic of the âautarkicâ innovation system, which shows an equal propensity to generate
radical, technological, and organizational innovations. However, the paper doesnât address potential endogeneity
of vertical educational diversity.
Hypothesis 2. High education diversity is positively associated with innovation performance.
III. Methodology
Data collection for this study was carried out by using a research survey design. A research survey
design is a method of collecting information by administering questionnaires to a sample of individuals, in our
case individuals means firms, where each firmâs HR department is providing the statistical information about
their employees. Therefore, our questions do not intend to collect opinions or any subjective data. The research
was performed through a survey using a mixture of semi-structured questionnaires. The population of the study
were Azerbaijan construction firms. The method of selection of sample was random sampling in order to find 50
firms, by using the sample frame taken from Azerbaijan Ministry of Economic Development. Efforts were
focused to select a range of firms with different characteristics such as markets, sizes, a history and duration of
their operation, cultural characteristics of employees and employers, innovation activity indicators, so the
sample has heterogeneous characteristic. These sample respondents answered to survey questions to make our
quantitative analyses database. There were made attempts to make the respond rate higher through multiple
approaches to firms.
Azerbaijan construction industry is considered as an object for our research and used as a sample.
Beside of primary data which were collected through survey we also used eligible secondary data sources such
as database obtained from Azerbaijanâs Ministry of Economic Development. These database provided us some
amount of data regarding innovation performance. We have collected the patent data regarding to our sample
firms. We have used correlation-regression analyses to testify the proposed hypotheses. For inferential statistical
methods, we used software program as Gretl.
Dependent variable in our analyzes is innovation which measured as the sum of all types of innovation
and include number of new products, number of patents, number of new processes implemented. Independent
variables are such variables as education diversity and types of education degree (basic education, high school,
special education, bachelorâs degree, masterâs degree, PhD and other types of education). We have to note here
that when we consider special education we count special short-term courses, which usually are organized by
firms where employees are employed. Other types of education include some types of advanced education, as
post-doc or scientific activity or foreign degrees, which do not match to Azerbaijan standards of education.
Education diversity was estimated with a Blauâs index calculated as 1 - , where P is the proportion of
individuals in a category and i is the number of categories. This measure can thus theoretically range from 0 to
.80. Low index will mean less diversity.
IV. Results and discussion
Descriptive statistics of all variables is given in Table 1.The lowest value for three variables was equal
to zero, while the lowest mean was for other types of education. We do not take into account diversity of
education as it is in the form of index and can range only between zero and one, but we included square of
diversity of education in order to check if there is non-linear relationship. In case if square of education diversity
and diversity of education itself will have different signs it will mean that there is likely that relationship has U
shape or inverse U shape.
Our data is in cross-sectional form, with 10 variables. Descriptive statistical results show that standard
deviation for some variables is very high, for example, special education has 731 for its standard deviation,
which means the dataâs spread range is quite high.
4. Impact of education on innovation performance: evidence from Azerbaijan construction industry
DOI: 10.9790/487X-171227580 www.iosrjournals.org 78 | Page
Table 1: Descriptive statistics*
Mean Median Min Max Std.Dev. C.V. Skewn
ess
Ex.
kurtosis
1 Innovation 21.8 19 8 66 12.86 0.58 1.3 1.45
2 Diversity of education
degree
0.43 0.41 0.2 0.81 0.17 0.40 0.65 -0.47
3 Diversity of education
degree square
0.21 0.17 0.04 0.66 0.17 0.79 1.22 0.56
4 Basic education 42.26 22 0 250 45.9 1.08 2.05 6.26
5 High school 248.08 95 15 4200 641.6 2.58 5.01 27.3
6 Special education 473.52 220 35 3600 731.93 1.54 2.79 7.34
7 Bachelorâs 60.42 43 15 250 54.21 0.89 1.76 3.19
8 Masterâs 18.64 14 2 80 16.31 0.87 1.55 2.58
9 PhD 4 2.5 0 20 4.35 1.09 1.53 2.47
1
0
Other 2.6 2 0 10 2.59 0.99 1.37 1.57
*Using the observations 1 - 50
Correlation is given in Table 2. Most of data for variables was in form of factual numbers taken from
the source, usually it is common to convert all variables into logarithms but in our case as relationship between
variables is not important and where only important is the relationship with dependent variable we have decided
to leave it in original form. Correlation coefficients show that such variables as Masterâs degree and PhD have
stronger correlation, which can be explained with the aim and market segment of firms of the sample. Firms,
which are focused on project development and focused more on research are tend to hire employees with higher
degree of education such as Master or PhD degree holders. In general, the correlation levels among variables is
not high, and this fact is not important in our case, as we have mentioned the main relationship, which in our
focus is the relationship between level of education and innovation. We can see that lower levels of education
has negative relationship with innovation and higher levels of education is positively correlated with innovation
performance of the firm. With these low levels of correlation, we can say that there is no suspect for any
multicorrelation problem.
Table 2: Correlation*
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 Innovation 1
2 Diversity of
education degree
-0.17 1
3 Diversity of
education degree
square
-0.17 0.98 1
4 Basic education -0.22 -0.12 -0.15 1
5 High school -0.16 0.05 -0.00 0.1064 1
6 Special education -0.17 0.36 0.32 0.3651 0.7128 1
7 Bachelorâs -0.04 0.01 -0.02 0.54 0.36 0.65 1
8 Masterâs 0.09 -0.05 -0.07 0.5 0.24 0.53 0.61 1
9 PhD 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.38 0.08 0.42 0.48 0.82 1
10 Other 0.008 -0.12 -0.13 0.44 0.12 0.26 0.4 0.28 0.3
*Correlation Coefficients, using the observations 1 â 50, 5% critical value (two-tailed) = 0.2787 for n = 50
For regression models we used Negative binomial regression method to find the relationship between
variables, we generated several regression results in order to see effect of variables on dependent variable
simultaneously and separately.
Table 3: Negative binomial regression.
Dependent variable: Innovation performance
Diversity only All variables
Coefficient Standard error Coefficient Standard error
constant 3.21 0.51*** 2.96 0.5***
Diversity of education degree -0.02 2.33 1.26 2.25
Diversity of education degree square -0.60 2.37 -1.96 2.32
Basic education -0.00641599 0.002***
High school -0.00027 0.00021
Special education 2.955 0.00024
Bachelorâs 0.0002 0.0021
Masterâs 0.014 0.0082*
PhD -0.019 0.027
Other 0.034 0.03
alpha 0.236 0.054*** 0.176 0.043***
Log-likelihood -188.4554 -182.0607
Akaike criterion 384.9108 386.1214
5. Impact of education on innovation performance: evidence from Azerbaijan construction industry
DOI: 10.9790/487X-171227580 www.iosrjournals.org 79 | Page
Hannan-Quinn 387.8233 394.1306
Schwarz criterion 392.5589 407.1536
Using observations 1-50, Standard errors based on Hessian.
***P<.01, **P<.05, *P<.10
First model was to check only the effect of variables of innovation and education diversity. It showed
the insignificant results which can be considered that our hypothesis could not find its evidence from our
sample. Another regression model was aimed to check the relationship of all variables with innovation
performance. These variables are degrees of education of the staff in firms. We found no that there is only two
variables have some shown the significant relationship with innovation, which in general partially supports our
second hypothesis, we found that basic education, which means low level of special education makes the
innovativeness of firms lower and that higher levels of education degrees as Master degree has positive effect on
innovation performance of firms. But the problem with our statistical results is that not all of variables has
shown the satisfactory p-values, which gives us some doubt about our results.
V. Conclusions
Here in our research we have proposed two hypotheses, the first claimed that education diversity of
employees in the firm has a positive association with the innovation performance. It was based on assumption
that it makes easier to identify valuable knowledge surging from the research activities of other firms and
institutions due to diverse employees with different educational background. In addition, as a result it is less
likely that promising new ideas or technologies will pass by unnoticed by the firm. Decisions are improved if
different perspectives are involved in the decision making process [35]. There a was a possibility that it can have
negative relationship based on logic that vertical educational diversity might decrease innovation performance,
since vertical educational diversity can increase the level of conflicts, mistrust, and misunderstandings due to
high cognitive distances. As a consequence, vertical educational diversity is likely to increase the
communication and coordination costs of integrating available knowledge or coordinating the innovation
process [36, 37, 38]. According to social identity theory, such coordination and communication costs might arise
because individuals value members of their own social identity more highly. This indicates a potential for
competitive behavior and conflict due to vertical educational diversity [39]. Consequently, the risk of failure
might increase. An additional opportunity cost of vertical educational diversity stems from economies of scale
in the knowledge production process. These arise in cases where a concentration of workers with similar
education level and similar knowledge base are necessary for an efficient production process, such as when a
sufficient number of academics is required to run a laboratory.
After analyzing through statistical techniques, we found that there is neither significant linear nor non-
linear relationship between diverse education level of employees and firmâs innovation performance. However,
correlation results show negative relationship; statistically they are far not significant. In our opinion there
should be conducted more research based on other types of sample industries, even using combination of several
industries and countries.
Another hypothesis, which had been proposed, was about the level of education and had idea behind of
it, which was based on logic that higher level of advanced education will promote more innovation in the firm.
Here we found some statistical support, but still it was not clear as it was stated in our hypothesis. Having more
employees with Master degrees was making our innovation performance better and having more employees
with basic education was decreasing the innovativeness of the firm. We can conclude that it is not wrong to say
that higher levels of education will enhance the innovation performance, but need to emphasize which degree
holders impact more in this process.
Results of this paper give us a field for future researches and leave even more questions, thus pushing
us to investigate more in detail relationship of education and training on innovation performance. Future
researches need to make research on other samples with more heterogeneous nature and with more focus on
exact types of degrees and may be also with consideration of majors, specialties and courses studied.
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