The document discusses the impact of COVID-19 on India's transportation sector. It notes that all domestic transportation, including trains, buses, and public transit shut down due to lockdowns. This led to a major drop in transportation revenues and job losses. While transportation of essential goods and stranded travelers resumed gradually, overall ridership remains low. The airline sector saw a 33% drop in domestic passengers in March 2020. Seaports remained open for cargo but shut to passengers. The pandemic significantly disrupted supply chains and posed challenges for maintaining health standards. It is expected that the transportation sector will be among the last to recover fully.
National Treasury, PPP Unit. PPPs in Kenya. Context, Legal and Institutional ...Emmanuel Mosoti Machani
The National Treasury's PPP Unit's second presentation at the 2nd Health Sector Development Partner Forum provided the context, rationale and principles of PPPs as well as the institutional framework.
Defining the role of County (CA) PPP Nodes, the involvement of Transaction Advisors and the PPP life-cycle.
Presentation by Zoritsa Urosevic, Director, Institutional Relations and Partnerships Department, Special Representative to the United Nations in Geneva - World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), who spoke at an expert Q&A webinar on "Tourism & COVID-19" hosted by the Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) on 11 June 2020.
National Treasury, PPP Unit. PPPs in Kenya. Context, Legal and Institutional ...Emmanuel Mosoti Machani
The National Treasury's PPP Unit's second presentation at the 2nd Health Sector Development Partner Forum provided the context, rationale and principles of PPPs as well as the institutional framework.
Defining the role of County (CA) PPP Nodes, the involvement of Transaction Advisors and the PPP life-cycle.
Presentation by Zoritsa Urosevic, Director, Institutional Relations and Partnerships Department, Special Representative to the United Nations in Geneva - World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), who spoke at an expert Q&A webinar on "Tourism & COVID-19" hosted by the Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) on 11 June 2020.
A presentation by Mr Bobby Shemmans (Tanker Services) at the Transport Forum SIG 14 July 2016 hosted by Standard Bank in Cape Town, South Africa.
The theme for the event was: "RTMS - Industry Best Practice and Standards". The topic of the presentation was: "Freight case study."
Logistics Management, UNIT-1, BBA III Year Notes, Osmania UniversityBalasri Kamarapu
Logistics Management, BBA III Year Notes, Osmania University, Logistics Management, Inbound, Internal and Outbound Logistics in SCM, Developing the Logistics organization for effective Supply Chain Management, development of Integrated Logistics Strategy, Logistics in Maximizing profitability and cash flow, 3PL, 4PL, International Logistics, Reverse Logistics.
The North South Railway Project (NSRP) South Line is a keystone transport project of the Government of the Philippines to promote inclusive growth. The project aims to revive and improve existing railway to provide enhanced passenger transport services to currently underserved areas in Souther Luzon and encourage more productive activities.
Presentation 2012-10-12-13 Value Chain Management in Transportation System v1Nopporn Thepsithar
2012-10-12-13 เล่าประสบการเรื่อง Value Chain Management in Transportation System ให้นักศึกษาปริญญาโท CEO MBA ในวิชา MB 523 การจัดการห่วงโซ่คุณค่าและลูกค้าสัมพันธ์ มหาวิทยาลัยหอการค้า
A brief overview of logistics management covering the following: the aim of logistics, components of logistics, major functions of logistics and the phases of logistics management.
Transport is an important part for any nation's economy. Since the liberation of our country the development of infrastructure within the country has progressed at a rapid pace, and today there is a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. In contrast to practice in other nations, Bangladesh has four ministries responsible for transportation with the support of Dhaka City Corporation (DCC), Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (RAJUK) and Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA). With continued economic growth and development there are lot of traffic malfunctions are existing such road accident, rail accident and others with lost and injured lot of valuable lives which reaches people to vulnerability. Therefore this paper focuses to addressing the causes of transport problems with identifying the countermeasures for reducing vulnerability to bring up sustainable development. This slide made of discussion of five core points with mentioning statistical graphs and highlighting action policy for moving up.
Expected
Service
Perceived
Service
Service
Delivery
External
Communication
Translation of
Perceptions to
Specifications
(Operationalization)
Mgmt
Perception of
Expectations
WOM Personal Needs Past Experiences
HTMX31 – Model of Service Quality (GAPS). Based on the article:
Zeithaml, V.A., Berry, L.L. & Parasuraman, A. (1988). Communication and Control Processes in the Delivery of Service Quality, Journal of Marketing 52(2), 35-48.
GAP 2
G
A
P
1
GAP 5
GAP 4
GAP 3
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
IMPACT OF CORONA VIRUS ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY OF UAE
1. INTRODUCTION
The COVID-19 pandemic and the steps taken to curtail its spread have a strong effect on the tourism market. According to the United Nations (UNWTO), in 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic would result in a 20 to 30 percent reduction of the tourism industry. This estimate is likely to be cautious for countries that rely on foreign tourists, as recent data on daily air traffic show a decrease of nearly 80% since January2020.
While several economic sectors are supposed to rebound as restrictive restrictions are removed, the pandemic has a longer-lasting effect on foreign tourism. This is primarily attributed to decreased consumer trust and the likelihood that the free migration of human beings would be limited longer. COVID-19 impact on tourism The link between Coronavirus (COVID-19) and News, Analysis and Resources The average recovery time for visitors to a destination was about 19 months in previous viral epidemics, according to World Travel and Tourism Commission (WTTC).
The rapid, severe and undoubtedly protracted downturn in the travel and tourism industry has forced international tourism countries to depend heavily on their finances. This involve the tiny developing island countries (SIDS), which are not only most fragile because they are heavily tourist-dependent but also because any shock of this size is challenging for tiny economies to cope with. On average, according to WTTC statistics, the tourism sector accounts for almost 30% of the SIDS gross domestic product (GDP). Of the Maldives, Seychelles, St. Kitts and Nevis and Grenada, this proportion is more than 50%. In general, travel and tourism raise around $30 billion annually in SIDS. A 25% decrease in tourism receipts would result in $7.4 billion or 7.3% decrease in GDP. The decline in certain SIDS may be considerably larger, hitting 16% on the Maldives and Seychelles.
The COVID-19 pandemic is projected to contribute, for several SIDS, to large levels of sales losses immediately without the requirement for an alternate source of foreign currency revenues to fund international debt and pay for imports.
Devastating economic consequences Countries can generally cope with economic storms through additional debt or by using foreign reserves that are available.
Nevertheless, access to global capital markets is becoming more restricting, particularly for small countries like SIDS, which are mostly hig.
A presentation by Mr Bobby Shemmans (Tanker Services) at the Transport Forum SIG 14 July 2016 hosted by Standard Bank in Cape Town, South Africa.
The theme for the event was: "RTMS - Industry Best Practice and Standards". The topic of the presentation was: "Freight case study."
Logistics Management, UNIT-1, BBA III Year Notes, Osmania UniversityBalasri Kamarapu
Logistics Management, BBA III Year Notes, Osmania University, Logistics Management, Inbound, Internal and Outbound Logistics in SCM, Developing the Logistics organization for effective Supply Chain Management, development of Integrated Logistics Strategy, Logistics in Maximizing profitability and cash flow, 3PL, 4PL, International Logistics, Reverse Logistics.
The North South Railway Project (NSRP) South Line is a keystone transport project of the Government of the Philippines to promote inclusive growth. The project aims to revive and improve existing railway to provide enhanced passenger transport services to currently underserved areas in Souther Luzon and encourage more productive activities.
Presentation 2012-10-12-13 Value Chain Management in Transportation System v1Nopporn Thepsithar
2012-10-12-13 เล่าประสบการเรื่อง Value Chain Management in Transportation System ให้นักศึกษาปริญญาโท CEO MBA ในวิชา MB 523 การจัดการห่วงโซ่คุณค่าและลูกค้าสัมพันธ์ มหาวิทยาลัยหอการค้า
A brief overview of logistics management covering the following: the aim of logistics, components of logistics, major functions of logistics and the phases of logistics management.
Transport is an important part for any nation's economy. Since the liberation of our country the development of infrastructure within the country has progressed at a rapid pace, and today there is a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. In contrast to practice in other nations, Bangladesh has four ministries responsible for transportation with the support of Dhaka City Corporation (DCC), Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (RAJUK) and Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA). With continued economic growth and development there are lot of traffic malfunctions are existing such road accident, rail accident and others with lost and injured lot of valuable lives which reaches people to vulnerability. Therefore this paper focuses to addressing the causes of transport problems with identifying the countermeasures for reducing vulnerability to bring up sustainable development. This slide made of discussion of five core points with mentioning statistical graphs and highlighting action policy for moving up.
Expected
Service
Perceived
Service
Service
Delivery
External
Communication
Translation of
Perceptions to
Specifications
(Operationalization)
Mgmt
Perception of
Expectations
WOM Personal Needs Past Experiences
HTMX31 – Model of Service Quality (GAPS). Based on the article:
Zeithaml, V.A., Berry, L.L. & Parasuraman, A. (1988). Communication and Control Processes in the Delivery of Service Quality, Journal of Marketing 52(2), 35-48.
GAP 2
G
A
P
1
GAP 5
GAP 4
GAP 3
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
IMPACT OF CORONA VIRUS ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY OF UAE
1. INTRODUCTION
The COVID-19 pandemic and the steps taken to curtail its spread have a strong effect on the tourism market. According to the United Nations (UNWTO), in 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic would result in a 20 to 30 percent reduction of the tourism industry. This estimate is likely to be cautious for countries that rely on foreign tourists, as recent data on daily air traffic show a decrease of nearly 80% since January2020.
While several economic sectors are supposed to rebound as restrictive restrictions are removed, the pandemic has a longer-lasting effect on foreign tourism. This is primarily attributed to decreased consumer trust and the likelihood that the free migration of human beings would be limited longer. COVID-19 impact on tourism The link between Coronavirus (COVID-19) and News, Analysis and Resources The average recovery time for visitors to a destination was about 19 months in previous viral epidemics, according to World Travel and Tourism Commission (WTTC).
The rapid, severe and undoubtedly protracted downturn in the travel and tourism industry has forced international tourism countries to depend heavily on their finances. This involve the tiny developing island countries (SIDS), which are not only most fragile because they are heavily tourist-dependent but also because any shock of this size is challenging for tiny economies to cope with. On average, according to WTTC statistics, the tourism sector accounts for almost 30% of the SIDS gross domestic product (GDP). Of the Maldives, Seychelles, St. Kitts and Nevis and Grenada, this proportion is more than 50%. In general, travel and tourism raise around $30 billion annually in SIDS. A 25% decrease in tourism receipts would result in $7.4 billion or 7.3% decrease in GDP. The decline in certain SIDS may be considerably larger, hitting 16% on the Maldives and Seychelles.
The COVID-19 pandemic is projected to contribute, for several SIDS, to large levels of sales losses immediately without the requirement for an alternate source of foreign currency revenues to fund international debt and pay for imports.
Devastating economic consequences Countries can generally cope with economic storms through additional debt or by using foreign reserves that are available.
Nevertheless, access to global capital markets is becoming more restricting, particularly for small countries like SIDS, which are mostly hig.
it shows the value of airline industry to the hotels and its facts and figures with a overview of facts attained in 2018-2022 with a better graphical explaination
A project report on "Effect of Covid-19 on Indian Economy" and the measures should be taken on boosting the economy......of 2020 version....based on the individual perception and lots of research taken through the official sites.....hope this will help u in doing your own study & research.......Thank u✨
The Impact of the COVID 19 Outbreak on Social Costs of Tourism to the Sri Lan...ijtsrd
The number of confirmed COVID 19 cases has risen rapidly, first in the PRC, and recently globally, pointing out the multiple channels that affect the economy and quantifying potential impact scenarios. On several channels, the COVID 19 epidemic impacts economic activity in Sri Lanka, the rest of developing Asia, and the world. These include a rapid but temporary decline in domestic consumption in Sri Lanka and other emerging economies, and potential investment affects the outlook on potential industry activities. However, the business related tourism and travel failures spilled over lower demand in other sectors and economies through trade and production links supply interruptions This study estimated the WTP for individuals during a pandemic outbreak to reduce tourism risk in three Sri Lankan cities. The demand curves and social costs of tourism were contrasted in three cities by implementing the DCCVM method, and WTP values were generated. Second, residents of tourist attractions were observed by WTP to reduce the adverse impact of tourism on their communities after the COVID 19 pandemic. It was a new approach, and their interests are still ignored, although peoples role in tourism studies and practice has been recognized. Our research indicates that most individuals would compensate for reducing risk and action in response to the pandemic and that there was no significant difference in the WTP in the three cities. Second, era, salaries, and tourism employment have greatly affected citizens WTP. The willingness of younger people to pay more for risk avoidance was one impressive outcome. C L De Silva | Prof. D A C S De Silva "The Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Social Costs of Tourism to the Sri Lankan Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35839.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/35839/the-impact-of-the-covid19-outbreak-on-social-costs-of-tourism-to-the-sri-lankan-economy/c-l-de-silva
Road Accident Analysis and Prevention in Nigeria: Experimental and Numerical ...IJASRD Journal
This paper empirically analysed road accident and its prevention in Nigeria. Data for road traffic crashes trend was sourced from Federal Road Safety Corps in Nigeria from 1960 - 2017. The data was tested for stationarity using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, while the co-integration was conducted using Johansen’s methodology. Least Square estimate was employed for the empirical analysis. The results show that there is long run equilibrium relationship between total number of casualties, total number of fatal cases and total number of minor cases of accidents in Nigeria. The results show that there is positive and significant relationship between fatal cases, severe cases and total number of casualties, while minor cases have negative and significant relationship with total number of casualties. The study therefore recommends that government should invest massively in road transportation infrastructure in order to repair dilapidated roads, expand narrow roads and construct new ones. Government should legislate and enforce installation of speed limit devices for all vehicles operating on Nigerian roads to reduce reckless speeding on the highways which will definitely reduce total number of accidents and casualties on Nigerian roads.
Covid 19 - galvanizing the travel industry for high tideChennam Mounika
The spread of the Covid-19 disease globally, caused by the coronavirus, has halted travel industry operations such as airlines, hotels and cruises across the globe. Demand for the three major segments of the global travel industries airlines, hotels and cruises has slumped to its lowest point in several years.
https://www.wnsdecisionpoint.com/our-insights/reports/detail/93/covid-19-galvanizing-the-travel-industry-for-high-tide
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of covid-19 on economic growth in SADC. Covid19 has been a challenge and still a challenge in many parts of the world across the globe. As a result of covid-19 many people from all walk of life lost their businesses, their belongings, their jobs, including friends and relatives due the deadly pandemic and Africa was no exemption from all these. As consequences of covid-19 particularly in SADC and beyond many people lost their lives, the unemployment rate has augmented and trading relationship between SADC countries has been limping since the pandemic occurred in March 2020. Therefore, the present study recommends a SADC mitigation covid -19 measure strategies that would enable SADC countries to improve on the spread of covid-19 and strengthen the trading relationship among SADC countries
Impact of Pandemic & Geo-Political Risks on Tourism.pdfKritikaDutta4
Tourism plays a more vital role in a country’s GDP and Economic growth than we give it credit for. Countries which provide extra-ordinary tourism experiences attract higher Foreign Direct Investment, indirectly creating several job opportunities, resulting in higher revenues and over-all progress of the nation through the income transfer between a developed nation to a developing one. This is a step towards balancing out the inequality in income levels between several countries. Several policy-makers, as well as many hotel management companies in India, have started to shift their focus on improving the tourism sector due to its several economic benefits. It should not come as a surprise that countries with a developed tourism sector attract a higher influx of tourists and hospitality business investors than those countries with a weak tourism sector or prevailing risks in the said industry. The same is usually treated as a principle by the hospitality consultants across the globe for taking big-picture decisions.
Read more here - https://www.promiller.in/post/impact-of-pandemic-on-hospitality-industry-in-india
Impact of Pandemic & Geo-Political Risks on Tourism.pdfKritikaDutta4
Like any other commerce, Tourism is highly sensitive to risks and can be fragile in an imbalanced environment. Many investors research and observe over a long duration before investing in a country’s tourism sector to ensure that the economy is more or less economically and politically stable.
Read the full blog here - https://www.promiller.in/post/impact-of-pandemic-on-hospitality-industry-in-india
Impact of Pandemic & Geo-Political Risks on Tourism.pdfKritikaDutta4
Like any other commerce, Tourism is highly sensitive to risks and can be fragile in an imbalanced environment. Many investors research and observe over a long duration before investing in a country’s tourism sector to ensure that the economy is more or less economically and politically stable.
Read the full blog here - https://www.promiller.in/post/impact-of-pandemic-on-hospitality-industry-in-india
Impact of covid 19 on the rmg export scenario of bangladeshMosaibur Rahman
The study has made on descriptive research, is conducted to identify different dimension of Impact of Covid-19 on the RMG export scenario of Bangladesh. To come up with the result, researchers were not required to visit the factory. For this reason, researchers have ignored the direct data collection and surveys. Consequently, the research technique has relied based on information from secondary sources. Those data collected through Journals, Research articles, Thesis papers, newspapers case studies, online news paper and survey reports, garments Manufacturing Industries Annual reports, BGMEA Yearly report and Files. The data was collected basically through skimming ad scanning out the findings of different secondary source. After the completion of the data collection descriptive analyses was used illustrate the data. This study did not use any unethical means to collect information.
impact of metropolitanization on covid 19 cases in india using entropy weight...ijtsrd
The global pandemic COVID 19 which was started early this year spreading rapidly in developed countries as all well as developing countries of the world. The noticeable fact is that most of the metropolitan cities of the world are severely affected by Corona pandemic and toped in their respective country among the COVID cases. The impact of the metropolitan city on COVID 19 cases, example can be cited around every corner of the world, From Wuhan to New York, Mumbai to Sao Paulo and Moscow to Madrid the Metropolitan cities of the world’s come out as deep rooted hotspots of novel coronavirus pandemic. Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, and Kolkata are the leading metropolis in India also leading in COVID 19 cases it can be explained by their connectivity to the rest of the world by the people and products. Therefore this article aims to summerise the impact of six metropolitan cities on the total COVID 19 cases of their states and try to find out which city have best suited in the concept of the Metropolitanization of COVID 19 cases. Entropy based TOPSIS methods are applied to compare the dataset of six metropolitan cities of India, and try to find out which city best fitted in the concept of metropolitanization of COVID 19 cases. Seven factors are chosen to analyze the impact of metropolitan cities on COVID 19 cases such as city population, percentage of slum population, number of COVID cases, airport traffic movement, relative humidity, and temperature. Entropy methods applied to weights the criterion for finding which criteria have maximum influence on COVID 19 cases. After that on the basis of Entropy weights, the TOPSIS method has been used to evaluate the dataset of six cities to track down the relative position of cities on the concentration of COVID 19 cases. After comparing the alternatives in TOPSIS method i.e those six cities , Delhi came in the first position, followed by Mumbai 2nd , Chennai 3rd , Kolkata 4th , Ahmedabad 5th , Hyderabad 6th based on the concentration of COVID 19 cases in the metropolitan cities. Sanu Dolui | Sayani Chakraborty "Impact of Metropolitanization on Covid-19 Cases in India using Entropy Weights Based Topsis Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32929.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/32929/impact-of-metropolitanization-on-covid19-cases-in-india-using-entropy-weights-based-topsis-approach/sanu-dolui
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. 1
Letter of transmission
This report is on impact on transportation due to covid is presented by
group 13 and submitted to DR. Archana Mishra.
This report explainshow Covid 19 had a majorimpact on transport
sector in INDIA.
3. 2
Impact on transportation sector in India due to
Covid19
Presented by:
Arnold Dsouza - 21BSP1437
Aniruddha Jadhav_21BSP0017
Aditya Lahoti_21BSP2991
Tapas Dhamecha_21BSP2243
5. 4
Table of content
Topic Page no.
Executive summary 4
Introduction 5
The impact of covid19
per transport sector
7
Recommendation 9
Conclusion 10
Bibliography
10
6. 5
Executive summary
It has beennearly12 monthsof the covid19 pandemic,itis apparentthat transportindustry is the most affected on
the monetarylevel.The movementlimitationthatare forced on the voyagers to limit the spread of the destructive
infection.Covid19have broughtthe abilitiesof organizationsdowntomove travelersandmerchandise startingwith
one spot then onto the next around the world and the opportunity of development. Accordingly, transportation
income droppedessentially,consequentlytransportationcompensationwerededucted, laborers were laid off, and
some vehicle organizations shut because of liquidation.
.
Administrationof Indiaandall throughoutthe planethelpedoutprivate vehicleorganizationsinlightof the
pandemicbygivingCoronavirus(RT-PCR) tests,dispensingplacesforisolatefocuses,and byassistingresidentswith
voyagingtheirnationsof origin.Pandemichasputtransportorganizationsandgovernmentinchallengeof adjusting
to newstandards,newmethodfortransportcapacities,change inassistance givingtothe travelers,focusingon
travelerswellbeing,ormore all keepingtravelersfromspreadingthe spreadof Covid.
As a reactionto pandemic,transportationorganizationsneedtoplayitsafe to supportinnearbyand global
versatility.Calculatedandtransportorganizationsare confrontingmanydifficultiestoaccomplishwellbeing
precautionarymeasures,forexample,social separating,checkingCoronavirustestresultsandotherdata,as this
methodisobligatoryforvoyaging.
Since the vehicle businessisthe mosthelpless
and affectedindustryduringthe pandemic,it
isexpectedthatitwill be the lastbusinessto
recuperate fromthe effectof Coronavirus.The
recuperationof transportationisabsolutely
subjecttothe securitymethodsappliedonthe
explorers.
7. 6
Introduction
WorldWellbeingAssociation(WHO)
proclaimedCovidSickness2019 (COVID19) as
a worldwide pandemiconeleventhWalk,
2020. By andby, worldisconfrontingan
extraordinaryemergencybecauseof the
above alludednovelCovid.Itisaccentuated by
the legislaturesacrossthe globe thatone can
stay awayfrom contaminationbykeepingup
withessential individual cleanlinessand
physical removingfromtaintedpeople.In
India,the primaryCOVID19 case was
distinguishedon30thJanuary2020 in the
southernterritoryof Keralawhichturnedout
to be an understudywhohadgottenback
fromWuhan, China.Fromthat pointforward,ithas spreadtodifferentconditionsof the nationandthe all out
numberof affirmedcontaminatedindividualsisaround3.23 crore as of eighteenthaugust2021 the nationover.
Total noof active casesfromJanuary 2020 to June 2021.
500
5346642
10303409
31969588
500 434642 930509
2096698
28 17905 149200 430285
0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
30000000
35000000
Cases Active Cases Deaths
8. 7
Thus,everythingfromnearbytransportationtothe worldwidestore networkhasstopped.The
occupiedanddynamicdevelopmentsinmetropolitanrushhourgridlockandworldwideshipping
laneshave quieted,movementinthe avionicsareahasfallenby90%, andresidents'versatilityin
variouspiecesof the worldhastumbledtoa solitarydigitrate contrastedwiththe pre-pandemic
period.
The transportationbusinessisinanunforeseen
circumstance;one of itsfundamental jobsistounite
the world,permittingresidentstomeeteye toeye,
and itis viewedasthe essential facilitatorof social
cooperation.OnAccountof, the worldwide
developmentlimitations,thatcapacityhasnow been
stopped.Transportationshouldkeeponplayingoutits
capacities,where movingindividualsandmerchandise
isa needinsteadof adecision.The significanceof
transportationcouldn'tpossiblybe more significant,as
it proceedstosustainandsupplydifferentareasthat
were seriouslyaffectedbyCoronavirus,like the wellbeingarea.Specialistsandmedical caretakers
shouldhave the optiontoventure outto andfrom work.Medical clinicsshouldgetthe vital supplies.
Clinical supplies,residentswhocan'tmove dependonarrangementsbeingconveyedtoshops,and
worldwide inventoryaffixesshouldkeeponmovinginspite of all snagstokeepthe unavoidable
financial effectaslittle ascouldreallybe expected.
The Covid19 pandemicfundamentallyaffectsthe travel industry,oil,food,medical care,and
transportationenterprises.Duringthe Covidpandemic,transportationmovedfrommovingtravelers
to playingafundamental centerjobinguaranteeingthatcargoand keyspecialistscouldkeepon
moving,bringingaboutanabruptchange in transportationincome assetsfortransportationtomake
a big difference forthe tasksandencounteringsuddenmonetaryshortage.
9. 8
The Impact of covid19 per transport sector
Impact on Railway sector
As the Coronavirusspreadoverthe country,Indian
concoct total lockdownas1.0 because of whichall
the vehicle administrationjustasgovernmentrail
route administrationweretotallycloseddown.It
suggeststhatall the day by day 13500 traveler
trainsof IndianRailroadjustasall typesof Rural and
Metro activityinmetropolitanurbancommunities
where endsince 25thMarch 2020
From firstMay 2020 the exceptional trainsare
permittedtobeganbythe Service of Rail route for the transientlaborersto the local state among
the Coronaviruslockdownthe extraordinarytrainsextend5.8milliontravelerswere workedtothe
particulartill 31st May 2020
Bus transports
At the top of the prioritylistthatIndianpopulace has
short of what one transportfor each10000 residents
while fosterUSandUK have more than twotransports
for eachthousandresidentswhichpromptswork
course in Indiaversusasreferencedbefore Metro
taskshave beengroundedinIndiaresidentsince the
lockdown.The transporttransportsdeal with
numerousissue duringCoronavirusastheyneedto
follow afew limitationsthatthere shouldbe one seat
for eachtwo seats,resulttonothaltingon eachstop
due full seats..
Public transport
The limitationsforcedondevelopmentandaspeedy
shiftof corporate Indiato embrace telecommute
strategiesconsigningtransportationneedstothe
rundownof needsforthe regularworkers.The effect
has beenwiththe endgoal thatthe country'srough
importsfor2020 fell by10% from2019, whichis a
firstoverthe most recent20 years.
Transportationbodiesthe nationoverrevealedafall
intravelerscarriedstartingwithone spotthenontothe next.Maharashtra State StreetTransport
10. 9
Company(MSRTC),carriedjust6% of the travelersamongApril andAugust2020 contrastedwitha
similarperiodinthe earlieryear.
The Coronaviruspandemicincapacitatedinventorychainsacrossthe worldwhilerequiringthe
requirementforsmooth,proficientco-ordinations. Inthe midstof the emergency,itwasthe MSMES
inthe co-ordinationsbusinessthatconfronteddifficultiesatnumerouslevels.Viewedasthe
foundationof the Indianeconomy,MSMEscontribute asum of 30% to the nation'sGross domestic
product.Withthe pandemicunleashingdevastationonsupply chains,co-ordinationsinMSMEs
enduredasignificantshot.
Impact on Airline Sector
Domesticairlinesreporteda33 % decline inthe
numberof passengersflowninMarch2020 by
reportinga figure of 7.762 million,ascompared
to 11.6 millionflownduring the same period
previously.Itisestimatedthatbythe lastquarter
of the currentfiscal year,the Indianaviation
industryislikelytoreportreductiontothe tune
of 3 to 14 % in the domesticpassengertraffic
(ICRA report).However,the domesticairlinesin
Indiaopenedata lowercapacityby registeringatotal of only21,696 departuresinJune 2020 as
against86,456 departuresinJune 2019, resultingin74.9 % reductionyear-on-yearincapacity
deploymentcomparison.Since 7thMay 2020, Indianaviationindustryhasbeenorderedbythe
DGCA to operate InternationalFlightsunderthe name of ‘Vande Mantaram’ are operatedfordual
purposes.One isbringingbackthe strandedIndiansabroadandsecondlyintermsof repatriation/
goingfor job/ business purposesof the strandedpassengersbacktotheirhome countryby entering
intoa bio-bubble agreementwithmore than50 countriesacrossthe globe.
Impact on Marine sector
The transportationbusinesshasato a great extent
progressadjustedtothe Coronavirusepisode inspite of
the current troublesometime alargerpart of posthave
accomplishmenttoremainopentoloadactivity.
Howeverthe majorityof themactuallystaysshutto
pasengersdeals.
At Portand to teamchange,the transportation
businesshasgenerallykeptonworkingaroundthe
Indianlimits.The facilitatorsthe developmentof
fundamental providersandthe drugsthatare expected
to keepnationsrunningandtomanage the worldwide general wellbeing
11. 10
Recommendation
The Covid19 crisisis a global crisis,andforthisinternational organization,Governments,employers
and unionsshouldseekSolution:TreatCOVID19and SimilarPandemicsasOccupationsthe disease
mustbe completelycovered.Provide free PPEtoall workerstoensure theywearCompleteyour
worksafelyandapplyall requiredsecurityprotocols.Promote tripartite dialogue tosolve workers'
problems.Covid19affectswomenandyoungpeople more thanothersCategory.Requestthe
governmenttoinvestigate the impact,Analyse the reasonsandtake stepstoprotectthe
disadvantaged.Category.Sustainablegovernmentfinancial supporttothe transportsectorto be
able to maintainadecentjob.International financial institutionsInternational financial institutions
revisitpoorcountriesFinancialliabilitiesthatallow youtorecoveryourResponsibilitiesinclude
supportingdifferentdepartments.Monitormultinational companiestoensure theiradequateas
some multinational companieshave adopted,respectthe collective agreementand workers'rights
Take advantage of thissituationandviolate the collective agreement.The Covid19crisisaccelerated
the automationprocessandledto the use of manyautomationmodules.The future The workand
itsimplementationmustbe discussedandagreedwiththe unionandworkerrepresentatives.Make
sure all partiesagree to a gradual and acceptable procedure.The Covid19crisisdemonstratedthat
the informal sectorrepresentsthe majorityof workersinthe transportationsector.Contract
workersmustenjoydecentunionwork,andthe governmentmusttake legal channelsEnsuringthat
informal workersare partof a respectedformal job.Covid19showsthatthe publicsectoristhe only
guaranteedsectorthatsupportsthe country.governmentThe transportsectorshouldbe
nationalizedasmuchas possible.Distributethe Covid19vaccine equallytodevelopedand
underdevelopedcountries
12. 11
Conclusion
The Covid-19crisishas changedalreadypeople’stransportbehavioursindramaticways,withlarge
reductionsinaviationandpublictransportuse andsignificantgrowthincyclinguptake.Evidence
frompreviouscrisesshowsthatinthe immediate aftermathof crisisevents,transportbehaviours
will change,aspeople reassessthe costsandbenefitsof differenttransportmodes.Decision-making
will be partlydrivenbypeople’sperceptionsof risks,regardlessof whethersuchperceptionsare
well foundedornot.As lockdownsare lifted,policywillbe crucial indeterminingwhethermobility
changestriggeredby Covid-19are positive ornegative,intermsof theirimpactsenergyuse,safety
and long-termenvironmentalandhealthoutcomes.Thankfully,governmentsdesigningsustainable
transportpoliciesforthe postlockdownperiodcandraw on experiencesfrompreviouscrisesto
predictlikelybehavioursanddesignpoliciesthatare fitforpurpose.
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