The document provides a comprehensive overview of substance abuse, defining drugs, drug dependency, and detailing the stages leading to addiction. It categorizes drugs into five types based on their effects on the central nervous system, and highlights the risks associated with various substances, including dagga, heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy, and alcohol. Additionally, the document addresses the impact of drug abuse on families and offers personal encouragement for recovery.

1. By Impact Direct Ministries

2. What To know… About Substance Abuse? By Impact Direct Ministries

3. What is a Drug? A drug is: any chemical substance legal or illegal natural or unnatural leads to physical or psychological addiction By Impact Direct Ministries

4. What is Drug Dependency? Drug dependency is: when someone develops an uncontrollable urge for a drug Must have the drug to function. By Impact Direct Ministries

5. Drug dependency syndrome The process of drug dependency occurs in four stages: Experimentation Occasional users Regular users Dependency By Impact Direct Ministries

6. 1. Experimentation This is when the drug is used for the first time to see if it really is like people say it is. REMEMBER: YOU ONLY EXPERIMENT ONCE NB : This is exactly where people have to decide to say no. By Impact Direct Ministries

7. 2. Occasional users Have moved on from the experimental phase user decided that he/she like the effect of the drug will join in when the opportunity arises to abuse the drug. By Impact Direct Ministries

8. 3. Regular users: Are already at the stage where it is hard to turn back. They will regularly create opportunities to abuse the drug. By Impact Direct Ministries

9. 4. Dependency This person is must have the drug and will do any thing to get drugs or the money needed to buy them. By Impact Direct Ministries

10. Classification of drugs Drugs can be classified: according to the effect it has on the important functions of the central nervous system By Impact Direct Ministries

11. Depressants Are drugs that mainly effect the functions of the central nervous system. Alcohol Narcotics Cough Medicine Heroin Mandrax Sleeping pills Glue Petrol By Impact Direct Ministries

12. Stimulants Drugs that generally increases the function of the central nervous system. Tik Cocaine Nicotine Caffeine By Impact Direct Ministries

13. Hallucinogens Drugs that generally alter the function of the central nervous system and cause hallucinations. Dagga LSD XTC (Ecstasy) By Impact Direct Ministries

14. Categories of drugs Drugs can be divided into five different categories: Socially acceptable drugs - alcohol, tobacco Inhalants -glue ,petrol ,thinners Over the counter drugs -cough medicine, painkillers Prescription drugs -tranquillizers, sleeping pills Illegal drugs - cocaine, tik, heroin By Impact Direct Ministries

15. Counselling Youth with Drug Abuse Drug abuse & addiction is a world-wide problem. Addiction affects the family as well as the society. Drug abuse and the illegal selling of drugs can lead to all sorts of other crimes Drug abuse affects the addict in many different harmful ways. By Impact Direct Ministries

16. Dayle's story Hello all …my name is dayle and I was once addicted to drugs, heroin was Mainly my drug of choice, and it was a terrible position I was in but thru the grace of GOD I am now clean of drugs and now I also have chance to do what I always wanted to do and that is to serve my community. And I also just wan to encourage all the people out there that there is hope for all Thanks GOD bless By Impact Direct Ministries

17. The child less likely to be at risk The child: with a sense of strong family unity who grows up with persistent, appropriate discipline who is busy and productive with a firm spiritual basis with a positive healthy self image who openly brings friends home who is unconditionally loved By Impact Direct Ministries

18. The child more likely to be at risk from a troubled family who experiences none or little love and care who is raised with possessive smothering love who grows up with no limits-settings & responsibilities who is disciplined through punishment only who grows up with no spiritual guidance and structure By Impact Direct Ministries

19. The high risk family Physically/emotionally absent father Poor communication Substance abuse by one or both parents Too much free unstructured time Conditional love By Impact Direct Ministries

20. By Impact Direct Ministries

21. What to know…about dagga By Impact Direct Ministries

22. Dagga… street names: Marijuana Cannabis Pot Weed Hashish Chronic grass By Impact Direct Ministries

23. Form, Colour & how its consumed: Smoked in cigarette form (Slow boat, joint or zol) Smoked in a broken bottle neck (pipe) Dagga tea or cookies can be made from it It is usually mixed with an amount of tobacco By Impact Direct Ministries

24. Characteristics Sweet, heavy smell on clothes Bloodshot eyes Drooping eyelids Giggling Unnatural hunger (munchies) Impaired perception (distortion) Uncontrolled moods By Impact Direct Ministries

25. Short–term effects Feelings of well-being & euphoria Paranoia & risk of toxic psychosis Drowsiness Hallucinations Dilated pupils Increased pulse rate Increased hunger & thirst By Impact Direct Ministries

26. Long-term effects Lack of concern for future Slow, confused thinking Lack of energy Learning difficulties Menstrual disturbances Infertility Liver damage Abnormal weight changes Foetal abnormality By Impact Direct Ministries

27. Withdrawal symptoms Restlessness Aggression Insomnia Moodiness Lethargy Nausea Decreased appetite moodiness By Impact Direct Ministries

28. By Impact Direct Ministries

29. What to know…. about Heroin By Impact Direct Ministries

30. Heroin… street names Ungga “ H” Black tar China White Brown Sugar Dragon Elephant By Impact Direct Ministries

31. Form, Colour & how its consumed: “ Skin popping” injecting under the skin “ Mainlining” injection into the vein “ Snorted” (powder form) “ Chasing the dragon” smoking heroin fumes By Impact Direct Ministries

32. Characteristics 5 to 8 times stronger than morphine Off-white to light brown crystalline powder Bitter taste Odorless when freshly prepared Develops vinegar smell when in storage Syringes & tie-up ropes Injection marks & bruises on arms Loss of interest in school career or relationships Deterioration of health By Impact Direct Ministries

33. Short–term effects Drooping eyelids Slow slurred speech Lowered body temperature Nausea & vomiting Itching & burning skin Impaired breathing Decreased heart rate & blood pressure By Impact Direct Ministries

34. Long-term effects Severe physical and psychological addiction Heart failure & strokes Depression & lack of motivation Liver & kidney failure Constipation Skin disease Amputation & gangrene death By Impact Direct Ministries

35. Withdrawal symptoms Restlessness & uneasiness Weakness & irritability Aching in limbs Fever, stomach cramps, violent pains & spasms limbs, diarrhea Increase in heart & respiratory rate, blood pressure & temperature, goose bumps (“cold turkey”) By Impact Direct Ministries

36. By Impact Direct Ministries

37. What to know… about Methamphetamine By Impact Direct Ministries

38. Methamphetamine … street names TIK Speed Ice Meth Tjoef Crystal Straw By Impact Direct Ministries

39. Form, Colour & how its consumed: “ smoked” in pipes / lollies “ Sniffed” in powder form “ Drunk” dissolved in drinks Injected or swallowed By Impact Direct Ministries

40. Characteristics Unknown powder or crystals Small plastic bags Unfamiliar pipes Burns on fingers caused by the pipe By Impact Direct Ministries

41. Short–term effects Increase wakefulness and alertness Dry mouth Fast reflexes Rapid / irregular heart beat Increased blood pressure Elevated body temperature Heightened sense of sexuality Sleep disturbances By Impact Direct Ministries

42. Long-term effects Agitation / irritability Strokes Psychosis Irreversible damage to blood vessels Damage to Dopamine system could lead to Parkinson’s disease Heart failure Internal organ damage Death By Impact Direct Ministries

43. Withdrawal symptoms Nausea Depression Aggression Drowsiness Loss of appetite Listlessness By Impact Direct Ministries

44. By Impact Direct Ministries

45. What to know…about cocaine By Impact Direct Ministries

46. Cocaine…street names Coke Snow Snort Powder Crack Rocks Blow Nose candy By Impact Direct Ministries

47. Form, Colour & how its consumed: Cocaine powder which is sniffed Crack/rocks this is a crystal form witch is smoked “free based” during the smoking process, the “Rocks” produce a crackling sound “Crack” By Impact Direct Ministries

48. Characteristics Excessive self-confidence Talkativeness Loss of appetite Rapid pulse Rush and overconfident behaviour Unfamiliar pieces of paper, plastic bags pipes or containers By Impact Direct Ministries

49. Short–term effects Blurred vision Increase in body temperature Alertness and lack of need for sleep Over confidence & mood swings Talkativeness, fast speech Accelerated breathing Muscle spasms By Impact Direct Ministries

50. Long-term effects Convulsions Coma Chest pain Paranoia Severe depression Paranoia Weight loss Death By Impact Direct Ministries

51. Withdrawal symptoms Cramps in muscles Mental depression Drowsiness By Impact Direct Ministries

52. By Impact Direct Ministries

53. What to know…about Ecstasy By Impact Direct Ministries

54. Ecstasy …street names XTC E Love drug Disco biscuits Known by the motive on it By Impact Direct Ministries

55. Form, Colour & how its consumed: Tablets, capsules or powder dissolved in drinks Coloured brown, white or pink Swallowing, sniffing, smoking By Impact Direct Ministries

56. Characteristics Locking of jaws Higher blood pressure Fainting Forgetfulness Hyperactivity Enlarged pupils By Impact Direct Ministries

57. Short–term effects Teeth grinding Nausea Lack of co-ordination Insomnia Sweating and chills Loss of appetite By Impact Direct Ministries

58. Long-term effects Blood clots, convulsion or collapse due to the body over heating Slows down the action of the kidneys, preventing the body from eliminating the excess fluid Memory loss, panic attacks, depression By Impact Direct Ministries

59. Withdrawal symptoms longing for other drugs Speech difficulties Paranoia Anxiety By Impact Direct Ministries

60. By Impact Direct Ministries

61. What to know…about Alcohol By Impact Direct Ministries

62. Alcohol…street names Dop Juice booze By Impact Direct Ministries

63. Characteristics Obviously drunk Aggressive behaviour Headaches Dry mouth Unnatural thirst Lack of concentration Slow thinking By Impact Direct Ministries

64. Short–term effects Decrease of oxygen to brain Heart inflamed Impaired judgement Slurred speech Slow reflexes Aggressive outburst By Impact Direct Ministries

65. Long-term effects Irreversible brain & kidney damage Cancer of voice box TB Heart failure Gout Foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) babies Abdominal pains By Impact Direct Ministries

66. Withdrawal symptoms Physical discomfort Shivers Nervousness Insomnia Skin rash By Impact Direct Ministries

67. Where do I go for help? Impact Direct Ministries Impact Centre 66 Tarentaal Road Bridgetown Athlone 7764 Tel:021 6374037 / 021 6990291 Fax:021 6991454 [email_address] www.impactdirect.org.za www.thereconstructed.blogspot.com

68. By Impact Direct Ministries