immunlogy is the study of immunity,

1. IMMUNOLOGY
DR.ZARNAB SATTAR LASHARI
SENIOR DEMONSTRATOR

2. INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY
• The world immunology means “ protection from
disease”
• So immunology is the study of the way in which body
defend itself from infectious agents
• Immunity : the ability of an organism to recognise
and defend itself from specific antigens and
pathogens

3. WHAT IS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
• The immune system is biological structure and
processes within an organism that protects against
disease by identifying and killing the infectious
agents.
• It detects a wide variety of agents , from virus to
parasitic worms,and needs to distinguish from the
organism,s own healthy cells and tissues in order to
function properly.

4. FUNCTIONS
• The main function of the immune system is to prevent or limit infections, fungi,
and parasites, such as protozoa and worms.
• The first line of defense against microorganisms is the intact skin and mucous
membranes.
• If microorganisms breach this line and enter the body, then the innate arm of the
immune system (second line of defense) is available to destroy the invaders.
• Because the components of the innate arm are preformed and fully active, they
can function immediately upon entry of the microorganisms.
• The ability of the innate arm to kill microorganisms is not specific. For example, a
neutrophil can ingest and destroy many different kinds of bacteria.
• Highly specific protection is provided by the adaptive (acquired) arm of the
immune system (third line of defense), but it takes several days for this arm to
become fully functional.
• The two components of the adaptive arm are cell-mediated immunity and
antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity.

5. TYPES OF IMMUNITY
• INNATE IMMUNITY
• ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
• HUMORAL IMMUNITY
• CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
• ACTIVE IMMUNITY
• PASSIVE IMMUNITY
• HERD IMMUNITY

6. INNATE IMMUNITY

7. ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

8. HUMORAL AND CELL MEDIATED
IMMUNITY

9. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNITY

10. HERD IMMUNITY

11. FLOW CHART

13. DIFFERENCE

14. HUMORAL VS CELLULAR

16. COMPONENTS OF ACQUIRED
IMMUNITY

24. • THANKS
• ANY QUESTIONS