Immunity and its types

1. Submitted To:
Ma’am Gul e
Faran
Submitted By:
Saadia khan
Types Of
Immunity

2. Table Contents
2
• Definition
• Introduction
• Types of Immunity
• Differences between Types of Immunity
• Conclusion

3. Definition
3
Immunity can be defined as a complex
biological system endowed with the
capacity to recognize and tolerate
whatever belongs to the self, and to
recognize and reject what is foreign (non-
self).

4. Introduction
4
Immunity is an extensive topic, worthy of an encyclopedia
of its own. Here we cannot summarize the field in detail,
but will identify key concepts. These concepts include:
(1)the difference between innate and acquired immunity and
how they relate to each other.
(2) the notions of specificity and immune memory;
(3) the sometimes antagonistic concepts of self and danger
(4) the mutually defined ideas of an antigen and its receptor

5. Types of Immunity
5

6. Types of Immunity
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Active immunity
•It is defined as immunity to a pathogen that occurs following
exposure to said pathogen.
•When the body is exposed to a novel disease agent, B cells, a type
of white blood cell, create antibodies that assist in destroying or
neutralizing the disease agent. Antibodies are y-shaped proteins that
are capable of binding to sites on toxins or pathogens called
antigens.
•Antibodies are disease-specific, meaning that each antibody
protects the body from only one disease agent. For instance,
antibodies produced when the body detects the virus that causes
mumps will not provide any defense against cold or flu viruses.

7. Types of Immunity
7
•When B cells encounter a pathogen, they create memory cells
in addition to antibodies. Memory cells are a type of B cell
produced following the primary infection that can recognize the
pathogen.
•Memory cells can survive for decades, waiting within the body
until the pathogen invades again. When the body is exposed to
the pathogen for a second time, the immune response is more
robust, quickly addressing the disease agent.
•Immunity does not happen immediately upon disease
exposure. It can take days or weeks after the first exposure for
active immunity to develop. But once it does so, the protection
can last an entire lifetime.

8. Passive immunity:
It is acquisition by a host of immune factors which were
produced in another animal, i.e., the host receives pre-formed
antibodies and/or immuno-reactive lymphocytes. Passive
immunity is typically short-lived and usually persists only a few
weeks or months. Passive immunity is protection from a disease
provided by antibodies created outside of the body. Passive
immunity:
• Does not require previous exposure to a disease agent
• Takes effect immediately
• Does not last long (up to a few months)
8
Types of Immunity

9. Differences Between Active and Passive Immunity
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10. Conclusion
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• The immune system responds to foreign pathogens
and cancer cells by activating specific and
nonspecific immune responses.
• The goal of immunotherapy is to enhance these
responses to control the growth of cancer cells.
• Knowledge of the influence of stress on immune
and cytokine response is evolving.