The document summarizes immigration trends in the United States between 1800-1860, including the large influx of Irish and German immigrants and factors driving them to emigrate such as poverty, famine and economic troubles. It also discusses the nativist movement and groups opposing immigration, especially the Know Nothing party, and their persecution of Catholics. Finally, it mentions early Chinese immigration to America during the Gold Rush era and laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act that later limited Chinese immigration.