This document discusses various digital photography and image editing techniques. It addresses common issues like pixelation, color casts, damaged images, exposure problems, and provides instructions on how to create panoramic images, photo montages, sky replacements, and colorized black and white photos using Photoshop tools and adjustments. Evaluations are provided on sample image editing projects and suggestions are made on how future projects could be improved.

1. Photography and Digital
Manipulation
Taynie Gage
1
Image Processing and Techniques

2. Pixelation

3. What could cause this to occur?
Images will become pixelated or appear this way due to a display
of a section of bitmaps at such a large size that the pixels will be
visible.
What preventable measures are there?
As pixilation occurs when dramatically resizing an image, you can
down scale the image and the pixels will be less visible.
You could also use bicubic smoother resize in Photoshop.
Finally, how could you fix it?
To fix pixelated images, use a blur filter to smooth out harsh or
jagged edges that result from pixilation then apply a sharpen
filter to repair any excessive blurriness that results from blur
filters

4. Colour Casts

5. What could cause this to occur?
Different or specific types of light will cause digital and
film cameras to have colour cast.
What preventable measures are there?
Digital cameras automatically attempt to
compensate colour cast and will have a selection
of white balance settings to manually choose
from.
Finally, how could you fix it?
Choosing a white balance that works with the colours
within the scene will help the end result. You are also
able to edit the image on photo editing software such
as Photoshop.

6. White balance settings.

7. Picture Damage

8. What could cause this to occur?
If the image is an old copy, it is most likely the image
will be damaged due to time wearing.
What preventable measures are there?
the only real way of preventing damage to an image is
to look after it well. You are also able to create copies
of the original image to insure the first copy is not the
only one.
Finally, how could you fix it?
Using Photoshop to repair damaged images can be
extremely useful. by using the spot healing tool and the
clone stamp tool, you are able to restore old images.

9. Restoring images.

10. Over or Underexposed Images

11. What could cause this to occur?
Shutter speed, ISO sensitivity and lighting are just some of the
things that affect exposure and can make the difference between
a great shot and a bad shot.
What preventable measures are there?
Whilst taking photographs, you can change the settings on the
camera to make sure the exposure is correct. It is useful to take
multiple photos of the same subject and to change the settings
to make sure they are correct.
Finally, how could you fix it?
Photoshop can be used to repair under or over exposed images.
The easiest way of correcting the colours within the image is
adjusting the hue and saturation of a photograph.

12. Panorama

13. Evaluation
How did you create your image?
The way to create a panorama image is to first take a number of
images of a certain subject insuring each image overlaps the last
and the camera is level. Using a tripod with a rotating head will
help maintain camera viewpoint and alignment.
Once you have loaded Photoshop, complete the following steps;
Go to; File, Automate, Photo-merge
Browse and upload your images to create your panorama,
choosing the auto layout and insuring the Blend Images Together
box is checked.
Click Ok, then the images will blend together creating a panorama
image.
What would you improve if you did it again?
To improve my panorama I would take more photographs of the
scene. This would make the image appear longer and look less like
one single image.

14. Panorama images.
14

15. How to:
http://photofocus.com/2013/11/0
9/how-to-stitch-panoramic-photos-
with-adobe-photoshop/

16. Hockney Joiner

17. Evaluation
How did you create your image?
In order to create a Hockney Joiner you will need to take
multiple images of a subject before opening Photoshop.
Go to; File, Automate, Photo-merge.
Select the auto layout setting and make sure the Blend Images
Together box is not checked.
The images will automatically be turned into a montage. Then
tweak the image by adjusting certain layers hue and saturation.
What would you improve if you did it again?
I would choose to photograph something more interesting and
with more colour. I feel this would make the outcome much
better.

18. Photo Montage
Sky replacement

19. Evaluation
How did you create your image?
To create a sky replacement image, I selected an image and a
photograph of a sky I wanted to replace it with. I then opened
both images in Photoshop and set them to different layers. I then
used the Quick Selection Tool to select all of the sky in the
original image and deleted it. I then enlarged the image of the
sky and moved that layer under the mountain image. By using
the Blur tool I softened the edges of the mountain and trees to
make the image look natural.
What would you improve if you did it again?
I could improve the image by blurring the edges of the image to
insure the scenery looked even more natural.

20. Sky replacement

21. Colourised
Image

22. Example: colourised images.

23. Evaluation
What tools did you use to create your images?
In order to colourised the image, I uploaded the monochrome
image onto Photoshop and began adding colour. The first thing I
changed was the sky. I used the Quick Selection Tool to select all of
the sky in the image then went to Image, Adjustments, Hue and
Saturation then checked the ‘colourise’ option.
The final step is to select a natural looking colour for the sky
before clicking ok and deselecting. I repeated the process for each
individual part and occasionally used the blur tool to insure all of
the colours blended together well.

24. Evaluation
Were there any ethical issues?
Throughout the editing/manipulation process
there were not any ethical issues due to the
type of images I chose.
What would you improve if you did it again?
An personal issue for me is wanting to complete
a task quickly and therefore, I would insure I
took more time on each image to make sure the
end result was the best it could be.