Im confused on question 6,7 and 8 On what point(s) would Charles Dar.pdf
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Im confused on question 6,7 and 8 On what point(s) would Charles Darwin and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck have agreed: adaptation occurs wt>en individuals change to adapt to their environment life is spontaneously generated all the time species give rise to now species simple organisms have existed for a shorter period of time than complex organisms they would have disagreed on all of these points On what point(s) would Charles Darwin and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck have disagreed: organisms change over time adaptation occurs when individuals change to adapt to their environment species give rise to new species they would have disagreed on all of the points they would have agreed on all of these points On which point(s) would Charles Darwin and Georges Buff on have likely agreed Select one: the idea that all of life shared a common ancestor the idea that species change over time both are correct neither is correct Solution 6. A. Adaptation occurs when individuals change to adapt to their environment.- They both believed that all organisms are related and evolved from fewer and simpler organisms to a much more complex organisms. 7. Organisms change over time- Darwin believed that breeding leads to the change in organisms where as Lanark believed that nature and ecological environment brought the changes in organisms. 8. The idea that species change over time- Buffon believed that environment influenced the change in species and it is similar to Darwins theory.
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Im also confused on question 9 and 10 On which point(s) would Charle.pdf
Im also confused on question 9 and 10 On which point(s) would Charles Darwin and Georges
Button have likely agreed Select one: the idea that all of life shared a common ancestor the
idea that species change over time both are correct neither is correct On which point(s) would
Charles Darwin and Georges Button have likely disagreed: Select one: the idea that the earth
was formed according to the laws of physics the idea that all life shares a common ancestor the
idea that species change over time they would have agreed on all of these points Which of the
following ideas was NOT accepted by Jean-Batiste Lamarck? Select one: bacteria represent
some of the youngest species on earth life arises spontaneously organisms go extinct none of
the above
Solution
Answer c : Both are correct
Answer d: Earth is quite old both agree, common ancestor in species tree
Answer c:Lamarck did not believe that species could become extinct.
Darwins concept
Darwins concept
He was born February 12th 1809
Darwin developed the biological theory of evolution that explains how modern organisms evolved over long periods of time through descent from common ancestors.
In 1831, he began a 5 year voyage on the HMS Beagle that would change his life.
Darwin thought about the patterns he’d seen on his voyage
He realized that there were many similarities between the animals he’d seen
There was evidence that suggested that species were not fixed and that they could change by some natural process
Proposed that the use or disuse of organs caused organisms to gain or lose traits over time.
These new characteristics could be passed on to the next generation.
Lamarck’s hypotheses were incorrect in many ways
However, Lamarck was one of the first to:
Suggest that species are not fixed
Explain that evolution uses natural processes
Recognize that there is a link between an organism’s environment and its body structures
Lamarck’s work paved the way for later biologists, including Darwin
In 1798, Thomas Malthus noticed that people were being born faster than people were dying.
How this helped Darwin
He reasoned that what Malthus proposed for human populations also applied to all living things.
Struggle for Existence
From Malthus’ theory of supply and demand, Darwin reasoned that if more individuals are produced than can survive, they will have to compete for food, living space and other necessities of life
Darwin described this as the struggle for existence
Individuals have natural variations among their inheritable traits
Fast predators capture prey more efficiently
Prey that are faster, better camouflaged or better protected avoid being caught.
Any heritable characteristic that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in its environment is called an adaptation’’
Ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment is called FITNESS
Fitness is a result of adaptation
Good adaptations allow organisms to survive and are passed on to their offspring.
Good fitness: reproduce
Low fitness: few offspring/extinction
History of evolutionery thought
I AM HAFIZ MUHAMMAD WASEEM from mailsi vehari
BSc from science college Multan
MSC university of education Lahore
i love Pakistan and my teachers
B10vrv5163
1) Darwin wrote up a draft of his theory of natural selection in 1842 but did not publish it for 20 years as he wanted to gather more evidence to support his ideas. 2) In 1858, Darwin decided to publish after he learned that Alfred Russel Wallace had developed a similar theory of evolution. 3) Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, introducing his theory that natural selection is the mechanism driving evolution.
Ch 15 Evolution
The document discusses the theories of evolution proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin. Lamarck believed that organisms could pass on characteristics they acquired during their lifetime to their offspring through inheritance. Darwin proposed his theory of natural selection, in which variation exists within populations and individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on those traits, leading to evolution over time. While both recognized that species change over time, they disagreed on inheritance, with modern science supporting Darwin's theory based on genetics and fossil evidence.
Evolution
This document discusses several key concepts and theories related to evolution:
1. It describes Lamarck's theory of evolution which proposed that acquired traits could be inherited. It notes this theory is no longer supported.
2. It summarizes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, noting the key principles of overproduction, variation, adaptation, and natural selection.
3. It discusses Hugo de Vries' mutation theory which proposed evolution occurs through accumulation of mutations in genes.
4. It notes the modern synthesis combines Darwinian evolution through natural selection with Mendelian genetics.
Presentation-WPS Office.pptx
- Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection in the mid-1800s to explain how species change over generations through natural processes. He proposed that populations vary genetically, traits can be passed to offspring, and individuals with traits better suited to the environment will likely survive and pass on their traits, leading to evolution over time. The mechanism of natural selection results in gradual adaptive changes in populations over many generations.
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AP BIO Evolution and Natural Selection speciation 2.ppt
AP Bio Evolution and Natural Selection and the History of Life: The Stories of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace.
Im also confused on question 9 and 10 On which point(s) would Charle.pdf
Im also confused on question 9 and 10 On which point(s) would Charles Darwin and Georges
Button have likely agreed Select one: the idea that all of life shared a common ancestor the
idea that species change over time both are correct neither is correct On which point(s) would
Charles Darwin and Georges Button have likely disagreed: Select one: the idea that the earth
was formed according to the laws of physics the idea that all life shares a common ancestor the
idea that species change over time they would have agreed on all of these points Which of the
following ideas was NOT accepted by Jean-Batiste Lamarck? Select one: bacteria represent
some of the youngest species on earth life arises spontaneously organisms go extinct none of
the above
Solution
Answer c : Both are correct
Answer d: Earth is quite old both agree, common ancestor in species tree
Answer c:Lamarck did not believe that species could become extinct.
Darwins concept
Darwins concept
He was born February 12th 1809
Darwin developed the biological theory of evolution that explains how modern organisms evolved over long periods of time through descent from common ancestors.
In 1831, he began a 5 year voyage on the HMS Beagle that would change his life.
Darwin thought about the patterns he’d seen on his voyage
He realized that there were many similarities between the animals he’d seen
There was evidence that suggested that species were not fixed and that they could change by some natural process
Proposed that the use or disuse of organs caused organisms to gain or lose traits over time.
These new characteristics could be passed on to the next generation.
Lamarck’s hypotheses were incorrect in many ways
However, Lamarck was one of the first to:
Suggest that species are not fixed
Explain that evolution uses natural processes
Recognize that there is a link between an organism’s environment and its body structures
Lamarck’s work paved the way for later biologists, including Darwin
In 1798, Thomas Malthus noticed that people were being born faster than people were dying.
How this helped Darwin
He reasoned that what Malthus proposed for human populations also applied to all living things.
Struggle for Existence
From Malthus’ theory of supply and demand, Darwin reasoned that if more individuals are produced than can survive, they will have to compete for food, living space and other necessities of life
Darwin described this as the struggle for existence
Individuals have natural variations among their inheritable traits
Fast predators capture prey more efficiently
Prey that are faster, better camouflaged or better protected avoid being caught.
Any heritable characteristic that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in its environment is called an adaptation’’
Ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment is called FITNESS
Fitness is a result of adaptation
Good adaptations allow organisms to survive and are passed on to their offspring.
Good fitness: reproduce
Low fitness: few offspring/extinction
History of evolutionery thought
I AM HAFIZ MUHAMMAD WASEEM from mailsi vehari
BSc from science college Multan
MSC university of education Lahore
i love Pakistan and my teachers
B10vrv5163
1) Darwin wrote up a draft of his theory of natural selection in 1842 but did not publish it for 20 years as he wanted to gather more evidence to support his ideas. 2) In 1858, Darwin decided to publish after he learned that Alfred Russel Wallace had developed a similar theory of evolution. 3) Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, introducing his theory that natural selection is the mechanism driving evolution.
Ch 15 Evolution
The document discusses the theories of evolution proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin. Lamarck believed that organisms could pass on characteristics they acquired during their lifetime to their offspring through inheritance. Darwin proposed his theory of natural selection, in which variation exists within populations and individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on those traits, leading to evolution over time. While both recognized that species change over time, they disagreed on inheritance, with modern science supporting Darwin's theory based on genetics and fossil evidence.
Evolution
This document discusses several key concepts and theories related to evolution:
1. It describes Lamarck's theory of evolution which proposed that acquired traits could be inherited. It notes this theory is no longer supported.
2. It summarizes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, noting the key principles of overproduction, variation, adaptation, and natural selection.
3. It discusses Hugo de Vries' mutation theory which proposed evolution occurs through accumulation of mutations in genes.
4. It notes the modern synthesis combines Darwinian evolution through natural selection with Mendelian genetics.
Presentation-WPS Office.pptx
- Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection in the mid-1800s to explain how species change over generations through natural processes. He proposed that populations vary genetically, traits can be passed to offspring, and individuals with traits better suited to the environment will likely survive and pass on their traits, leading to evolution over time. The mechanism of natural selection results in gradual adaptive changes in populations over many generations.
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- He noticed that species varied between different locations and began to hypothesize that species evolved over time through natural selection, where individuals better suited to their environment were more likely to survive and pass on their traits.
- In his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, Darwin outlined his theory that evolution occurred gradually through natural selection acting on small inherited variations, resulting in the descent of all species from common ancestors and the diversification of life over deep time.
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Lamarckism and Darwinism are two theories of evolution. Lamarckism, proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1809, suggests that organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. Darwinism, proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859, proposes that evolution occurs through natural selection, where organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their traits. Key aspects of Darwinism include variation between individuals, the struggle for existence due to limited resources, and survival of the fittest individuals who pass on adaptive variations. Over many generations, these variations accumulate and can lead to the formation of new species.
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2. His theory proposed that species evolve over generations through natural selection of inheritable traits that aid survival and reproduction in the local environment.
3. Evidence that supported Darwin's theory included the fossil record, observations of artificial selection influencing domesticated species, and similarities found across all life when comparing genetic codes and cellular functions.
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2) Urey and Miller's experiment provided evidence for this theory by producing amino acids from gases simulating the early Earth atmosphere.
3) Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection through variation and inheritance explained the diversity of life and how species evolved over generations.
4) The modern synthetic theory integrated ideas from genetics and mutation theories with natural selection to
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- Over many generations, this process of natural selection leads to evolution of species as populations adapt and change over time to become better suited to their environments.
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All programming assignments should include the name, or names, of th.pdf
All programming assignments should include the name, or names, of the
students. This information should be placed in the introductory comments
section. The introductory comments should also contain the purpose of the
program. Clear, concise, commenting is an important skill to develop and
will be part of the grade for each program. Programs should be submitted
via Blackboard as “.cpp” source programs. Each member of a team should
submit a copy of the program.
The purpose of PSA 7 is practice our programming style and techniques on
a fairly simple real world example of an application. PSA7.cpp is a program
that analyzes various aspects of the clients at an animal shelter. Your task
is to fill in the three routines that provide the necessary information to the
main routine. You may not alter the code in main. You must use the
interfaces as defined.
The first two routines are almost trivial and the only thing that is special
about one of them is the need to use a persistent variable.
The third one, shotRecord is a bit challenging. You must determine if each
animal has had the correct shots. These are for Parvovirus, Rabies, and
Bordetella. One confusion factor here is that they could have also received
a shot for Leptospirosis; that is not a required shot. Further complicating
things is the fact that the only thing that is important is that they received
the shot; they may have received their inoculations in differing orders.
Programme it using \"CODE::BLOCK and also use the main function below:
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
#define numberSpecies 4
#define numberShots 3
enum species {dog, cat, bird, rabbit};
enum shots {Parvovirus, Rabies, Bordetella, Leptospirosis};
string outString;
struct animal
{
string name;
unsigned int stay;
enum species animalType;
enum shots status[numberShots];
};
int displayAnimal(struct animal *animal)
{
cout << \"Name:\\t\\t\" << animal->name << endl;
cout << \"Species:\\t\";
switch (animal->animalType)
{
case dog:
cout << \"Dog\";
break;
case cat:
cout << \"Cat\";
break;
case bird:
cout << \"Bird\";
break;
case rabbit:
cout << \"Rabbit\";
break;
default:
cout << \"Unknown\";
}
cout << endl;
cout << \"Length of stay: \" << animal->stay << endl << endl;
return 0;
}
double averageStay(struct animal *animal)
{
// Your code goes here.
// Hint you will need to use a type we have not used before.
}
int countPopulation(struct animal census[], enum species kindAnimal, unsigned int k)
{
unsigned int j, animalCount;
// Your code goes here.
return animalCount;
}
bool shotRecord(struct animal *animal)
{
unsigned int temp, m, shot;
temp = 0;
// Your code goes here.
// This is the trickiest one!
return (temp == 3) ? true: false;
}
int main()
{
#define censusSize 6
struct animal census[censusSize];
census[0].animalType = dog;
census[0].name = \"Fred\";
census[0].stay = 13;
census[0].status[0] = Rabies;
census[0].status[1] = Bordetella;
census[0].status[2] = Parvovirus;
census[1].animalType = cat;
census[.
After a (not very successful) trick or treating round, Candice has 1.pdf
After a (not very successful) trick or treating round, Candice has 10 Tootsie rolls and 12
Twizzlers in her pillow case. Her mother asks her to share the loot with her three younger
brothers.
(A) How many different ways can she do this?
(B) How many different ways can she do this after her Mother warns her to give at least one of
each type of candies to each of her brothers?
Solution.
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The document summarizes the origin of life theories and evolution of life. It discusses theories such as chemical evolution, RNA world hypothesis, Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, and the modern synthetic theory of evolution. The key points are:
1) The chemical evolution theory proposes that life originated from combinations of chemicals on the primitive Earth through chemical reactions over time.
2) Urey and Miller's experiment provided evidence for this theory by producing amino acids from gases simulating the early Earth atmosphere.
3) Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection through variation and inheritance explained the diversity of life and how species evolved over generations.
4) The modern synthetic theory integrated ideas from genetics and mutation theories with natural selection to
Darwinism.pptx
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. He proposed that over generations, species evolve through small inherited variations that influence an individual's ability to survive and reproduce. Those individuals with traits best suited to the environment will survive and pass on those traits, leading to the emergence of new species over time. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is now widely accepted as it explains how species adapt to their environments through natural processes like the struggle for existence and survival of the fittest.
Topic 4 - Cell Theory and Natural Selection
This topic reviews basic concepts regarding cells and cell theory, and the theory of natural selection.
Charles Darwin.pptx English speaking and
- Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection, which argues that species evolve over generations through natural processes of inheritance and selection of heritable traits.
- Darwin observed that species vary individually and that species best suited to their environments tend to survive and reproduce more, passing on favorable traits to offspring.
- Over many generations, this process of natural selection leads to evolution of species as populations adapt and change over time to become better suited to their environments.
Evolution or darvin
This document provides an overview of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through a series of summaries and quotes. It begins with a brief summary of Darwin's theory, including the key observations of variation, competition, heredity, and natural selection leading to evolution over generations. Several insightful quotes from Darwin are then presented on topics including evolution, science, humanity, knowledge, God, and religion. The document concludes by discussing Darwin's view that evolution also applies to nature, culture, human society, and ecology.
Similar to Im confused on question 6,7 and 8 On what point(s) would Charles Dar.pdf (20)
Biology - Chp 15 - Darwins Theory Of Evolution - PowerPoint
Biology - Chp 15 - Darwins Theory Of Evolution - PowerPoint
More from fashioncollection2
All programming assignments should include the name, or names, of th.pdf
All programming assignments should include the name, or names, of the
students. This information should be placed in the introductory comments
section. The introductory comments should also contain the purpose of the
program. Clear, concise, commenting is an important skill to develop and
will be part of the grade for each program. Programs should be submitted
via Blackboard as “.cpp” source programs. Each member of a team should
submit a copy of the program.
The purpose of PSA 7 is practice our programming style and techniques on
a fairly simple real world example of an application. PSA7.cpp is a program
that analyzes various aspects of the clients at an animal shelter. Your task
is to fill in the three routines that provide the necessary information to the
main routine. You may not alter the code in main. You must use the
interfaces as defined.
The first two routines are almost trivial and the only thing that is special
about one of them is the need to use a persistent variable.
The third one, shotRecord is a bit challenging. You must determine if each
animal has had the correct shots. These are for Parvovirus, Rabies, and
Bordetella. One confusion factor here is that they could have also received
a shot for Leptospirosis; that is not a required shot. Further complicating
things is the fact that the only thing that is important is that they received
the shot; they may have received their inoculations in differing orders.
Programme it using \"CODE::BLOCK and also use the main function below:
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
#define numberSpecies 4
#define numberShots 3
enum species {dog, cat, bird, rabbit};
enum shots {Parvovirus, Rabies, Bordetella, Leptospirosis};
string outString;
struct animal
{
string name;
unsigned int stay;
enum species animalType;
enum shots status[numberShots];
};
int displayAnimal(struct animal *animal)
{
cout << \"Name:\\t\\t\" << animal->name << endl;
cout << \"Species:\\t\";
switch (animal->animalType)
{
case dog:
cout << \"Dog\";
break;
case cat:
cout << \"Cat\";
break;
case bird:
cout << \"Bird\";
break;
case rabbit:
cout << \"Rabbit\";
break;
default:
cout << \"Unknown\";
}
cout << endl;
cout << \"Length of stay: \" << animal->stay << endl << endl;
return 0;
}
double averageStay(struct animal *animal)
{
// Your code goes here.
// Hint you will need to use a type we have not used before.
}
int countPopulation(struct animal census[], enum species kindAnimal, unsigned int k)
{
unsigned int j, animalCount;
// Your code goes here.
return animalCount;
}
bool shotRecord(struct animal *animal)
{
unsigned int temp, m, shot;
temp = 0;
// Your code goes here.
// This is the trickiest one!
return (temp == 3) ? true: false;
}
int main()
{
#define censusSize 6
struct animal census[censusSize];
census[0].animalType = dog;
census[0].name = \"Fred\";
census[0].stay = 13;
census[0].status[0] = Rabies;
census[0].status[1] = Bordetella;
census[0].status[2] = Parvovirus;
census[1].animalType = cat;
census[.
After a (not very successful) trick or treating round, Candice has 1.pdf
After a (not very successful) trick or treating round, Candice has 10 Tootsie rolls and 12
Twizzlers in her pillow case. Her mother asks her to share the loot with her three younger
brothers.
(A) How many different ways can she do this?
(B) How many different ways can she do this after her Mother warns her to give at least one of
each type of candies to each of her brothers?
Solution.
Why steroids can cross the cell membraneWhy steroids can cross .pdf
Why steroids can cross the cell membrane?
Why steroids can cross the cell membrane?
Solution
Steroids are organic molecules, found in our body in the form of cholesterol, steroid hormones,
vitamin D and also in the form of medicinal drugs. The steroids are non-polar and are similar to
lipids. These molecules play a very important role in cell membrane stability and also in signal
transduction in the body.
To carry out the different functions in the body, the steroid molecules must enter the cell and
bind to its target receptor and initiate the cascade of cellular response. The cell membrane is
made of phospholipids with polar head groups of lipids on the exterior of cell surface and
towards the cytosol, and the non-polar chains in the middle.
This architecture of the cell membrane allows steroids to cross the cell membrane being
lipophilic. The entry of steroids in the cell might take place with the help of receptors or carrier
proteins..
Write a method called uniqueNumbers that takes an int array as param.pdf
Write a method called uniqueNumbers that takes an int array as parameter, and returns a
different int array, which only contains the list of unique numbers in the original array. Hint: Use
the isPresent method defined below to accomplish your
here is the code we need to add too
Solution
solution
package com.mt.classes;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Lab8e {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = new int[20];
// Generate random numbers between 0 and 99 and fill up the array
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
numbers[i] = (int) (Math.random() * 50);
}
System.out.println(\"The list is:\");
printNumbers(numbers);
// Task 1
System.out.println(\"The smallest number in the list is \"
+ smallestNumber(numbers));
// Task 2
System.out.println(\"The largest number in the list is \"
+ largestNumber(numbers));
// Task 3
System.out.println(\"The average of numbers in the list is \"
+ averageOfNumbers(numbers));
// Task 4: Extra Credit. Uncomment the following
// two lines if you complete this task.
System.out.println(\"The list of unique numbers is:\");
uniqueNumbers(numbers);
}
private static void uniqueNumbers(int[] numbers) {
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
boolean isDuplicate = false;
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (numbers[i] == numbers[j]) {
isDuplicate = true;
break;
}
}
if (!isDuplicate) {
System.out.print(numbers[i] + \" \");
}
}
}
public static void printNumbers(int[] list) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
System.out.print(list[i] + \" \");
}
System.out.println();
}
// 1. Write a method called smallestNumber that
// takes an int array as parameter, and returns the
// smallest number
public static int smallestNumber(int[] list) {
int small = 100;
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
if (list[i] < small) {
small = list[i];
}
}
return small;
}
// 2. Write a method called largestNumber that
// takes an int array as parameter, and returns the
// largest number
public static int largestNumber(int[] list) {
int large = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
if (list[i] > large) {
large = list[i];
}
}
return large;
}
// 3. Write a method called averageOfNumbers that
// takes an int array as parameter, and returns the
// average of the numbers
public static double averageOfNumbers(int[] list) {
double average = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
average = average + list[i];
}
average = average / list.length;
return average;
}
public static boolean isPresent(int[] list, int target) {
boolean found = false;
for (int i = 0; i < list.length && !found && list[i] != 0; i++) {
if (list[i] == target) {
found = true;
}
}
return found;
}
}
output
The list is:
16 14 11 31 7 8 18 49 27 43 9 39 38 18 6 16 8 30 32 15
The smallest number in the list is 6
The largest number in the list is 49
The average of numbers in the list is 21.75
The list of unique numbers is:
16 14 11 31 7 8 18 49 27 43 9 39 38 6 30 32 15.
Write a command in unixlinux to Display all the files whose names e.pdf
Write a command in unix/linux to Display all the files whose names end with lab1 in the
directory /home/dropbox by modification time. You should find all the variations of lab1 file,
such as Lab1, LAB1, laB1, etc.
Solution
- r : stand for recursive, so it will search all files and will not stop after first match
- n: line number
-w : match the word
-e : defines the pattern for which we want to search.
Why is “Profit” a problematic target Please consider in your answer.pdf
Why is “Profit” a problematic target? Please consider in your answer different types of profit, the
possible differences between profit and turnover (=sales) as a measure and also the definitions
and meaning of profit/capital ratio(s).
Solution
\"Profit\" is a problematic target because it includes wide range of emotions and and issues
among respondents i.e. they ranged acceptable profit to profit effect on decision making and
future variability of capitalization. in same way today\'s cash is driven by yesterday;s decision
making on pricing. Profit is the difference between income a business generates and expenses
incurred in business running.
Types of Profit -
1. Gross Profit - Gross profit is difference between all sales of the company and cost of
producing the products for a company. this mainly used by company officials when making
decision about pricing and what material to be used in manufacturing part of business.
2. Net Profit - Net profit subtracts all of the expenses of company from its gross sales. The net
profit is and indicator that how business performing over the time.
3. Net Profit after Interest and Tax - Net profit of a company further reduced when interest and
taxes are deducted from profit.
4. Retained Profit - Retained profit is any profit remaining after the shareholders receive their
dividends.most of the time this funds will reinvested in company.
Differences between profit and turnover -
Turnover is net sales generated by firm while profit is earning of a firm after all expenses have
been charged against net sales.Thus Turnover and Profit is beginning and ending points of the
income statements.
A difference between turnover and profit is that a rising in turnover may be a sign that business
is growing but profit is and indicator of health of business.
The definitions and meaning of profit/capital ratio - Profit capital ratio expressed as percentage,
complements ratio by add a company\'s debt liabilities, or funded debt, to equity to reflect
company\'s total capital. This ratio measures narrow focus to gain a better understanding of
company\'s ability to generate returns from available sources..
Which of the following statements about protists is falsea) There a.pdf
Which of the following statements about protists is false?a) There are protists that resemble fungi
and plants more than they do other protists
Solution
d) All protists are unicellular, microscopic forms of life.
Protists can be unicellular (single-celled) or multicellular (many-celled). Seaweed and kelp are
examples of multicellular, plant-like protists. Kelp can be as large as trees and form a \"forest\"
in the ocean.Plant-like protists include algae, kelp, and seaweed..
Which cable type would be used to connect a router to a switchA. .pdf
Which cable type would be used to connect a router to a switch?
A. Straight-through
B. Crossover
C. Rollover
D. None of the above
Solution
A is correct. Switches and routers have different pinouts; therefore, a straight-through cable
should be used.
B, C, and D are incorrect. B is incorrect because a crossover cable will not work between two
devices of different pinouts. C is incorrect because rollover cables are used between a PC and a
router/switch console port. D is incorrect..
What is the role of abiotic factors in the formation of biomesS.pdf
What is the role of abiotic factors in the formation of biomes?
Solution
A biome is a large terrestrial region characterized by a specific type of climate and dominant
plant life. There are a variety of terrestrial biomes contributing to the biodiversity on the earth.
The living components of a biome include the organisms with life such as plants, animals,
microbes and all living organisms. The non living components or abiotic factors include the
components without life such as water, air, nutrients, heat and solar energy.
For example, biomes like tropical rain forests are found at the equator with hot, moisture air rises
dumping the moisture in the land. These forests have warm temperatures, high humidity and
heavy rain fall daily. The forests are dominated by broad leaf ever green plants and much of
animal life specifically large insects, bats and birds are abundant. Tree climbing animals and
decomposers are heavily populated in tropical rain forests. These forests show great biodiversity
with suitable climatic conditions for survival of all type of animals.
The abiotic factors such as warm temperatures, moist air and rainfall daily keep the vegetation of
the forest growing to provide nutrition for all kinds of organisms live in the biome. The sunlight
helps the plants to synthesize nutrients and to provide them to plant dependent organisms. Thus,
abiotic factors like temperature, sunlight, air and nutrients influence the growth, reproduction
and survival of organisms in the ecological food chain in a biome..
What information needs to be encoded in a loadstorebranchALU inst.pdf
What information needs to be encoded in a load/store/branch/ALU instruction?
Solution
The information needed to be encoded in a load/store/branch/ALU instruction is information
about the operands. Because any instruction stores information about its operands. And performs
that operation on the stored operands. The operands in the registers needs to be encoded..
What are the major terrestrial adaptations of plants1- List the F.pdf
What are the major terrestrial adaptations of plants?
1- List the FOUR major challenges plants encountered as they evolved on to land.
2- Next to each challenge, provide at least ONE (or more) example(s) of an adaptation that meets
that challenge. Refer to Ch 17, Section 17.1 (pp 342-43)
Follow format below:
Challenge 1- Adaptation(s)
Challenge 2- Adaptation(s)
Challenge 3- Adaptation(s)
Challenge 4- Adaptation(s)
Solution
the four major challenges observed in all terrestrial plants include the following.
there is an alternation of generations,
a sporangium formation is seen,
a gametangium giving rise to haploid cells,
Apical meristem tissue which develops from roots and shoots.
challenge 1- Alternation of generations: Ferns reproduce using alteration of generations. it is a
diploid sporophyte and by meiosis produces single-celled haploid spores which are dispersed by
air, wind or floating water. after the spore reaches appropriate conditions, it will germinate and
form prothallus which carries out sexual reproduction forming a sporophyte.
challenge 2- Sporangia in the Seedless Plants: sporophytes of seedless plants are diploid and are
a result of syngamy or fusion of 2 gametes. sporophyte contains sporangia which are a
reproductive sac containing spores. inside the sporangia, diploid sporocytes or mother cells
produce haploids by meiosis thereby reducing chromosome number from 2n to n. These spores
get dispersed in the environment. ferns, mosses are one such
challenge 3- Gametangia in the Seedless Plants: seedless plants produce sperm with flagella and
swim into a moist environment to the archegonia which are the female gametangium. later, the
embryo develops inside as sporophyte. Liverwort plants are one example for such adaptation.
challenge 4- Apical Meristems: by rapid cell division in the tissues, the length of roots and
shoots increases which give rise to apical meristem. it is a small zone of cells present at the shoot
tip or root tip. Elongation of these shoots and roots helps the plants to access additional use
natural resources such as light by shoots and water by roots. Apple seedlings are examples where
apical meristems give rise to new shoots and root growth.
The total lung capacity of a patient is 5.5 liters. Find the patient.pdf
The total lung capacity of a patient is 5.5 liters. Find the patient’s inspiratory reserve volume if
the patient’s vital capacity was 4.2 liters, the tidal volume was 500 ml, and the expiratory reserve
volume was 1.2 liters.
Solution
Answer:
Inspiratory reseve volume (IRV )= VC - (TV + ERV)
VC= Vital capacity
TV= Tidal volume
ERV= Expiratory reseve volume
= 4.2- (0.5 + 1.2)
= 2.5 Liters.
The insatiable demand for everything wireless, video, and Web-enable.pdf
The insatiable demand for everything wireless, video, and Web-enabled everywhere will be the
driving force
behind developments in telecommunications, networking, and computing technologies for the
foreseeable
future. Do you agree or disagree? Why
Solution
There is undoubtedly the insatiable demand for everything wireless is a growth area.
This making is called internet generation since internet has got lots of control over our existence.
All we do, internet has got more to do with it. We converse study, work and learn during internet
so internet has been an essential part of our life. Growth of telecommunications was occurring
far before the development of internet; however internet has assisted in bringing the one form of
telecommunications into more than a few forms. The enlargement of telecommunications and its
fame has lot to do by internet. Internet completes the telecommunication procedure much easier
and earlier. As it attaches a system with another system, Network is in addition a form of
internet, we name it intranets. Internet was developed in 90s and that is the period since when
information technology has been getting expanded in a faster speed.
Internet has been the catalyst for the act and development as well as exactness, growth and fame
of telecommunications, networking and information technologies consequently I think its
praiseworthy to say that as of internet, development of telecommunications, networks and other
information technologies get the speed..
Technology is an ever-growing system that provides advantages and in.pdf
Technology is an ever-growing system that provides advantages and introduces disadvantages
into organizations. Identify an organization that has introduced new or improved technologies to
enhance its information systems. Discuss the technologies that were selected to enhance the
company\'s competitive advantage. Explore some advantages and related disadvantages
introduced through this technology integration.
Answer needs to be 200 - 300 words.
Solution
Health care organizations have had to adapt to many changes in the world around them, from
advances in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to the emergence of administrative
innovations such as managed care and the invention of new information technologies. The
Internet represents a particularly profound change that will enable or force significant changes in
organizational form and processes—a transformation as profound as any that have gone before.
The Internet\'s capability to empower consumers, support dynamic information exchanges
among organizations, and \"flatten\" organizational hierarchies promises to result in new
operational strategies, business models, service delivery modes, and management mechanisms.
The changes will have such far-reaching implications that health care organizations need to start
preparing now to adopt the advanced Internet applications that are expected to appear in the near
future. Organizations need to evaluate the potential and implications of new Internet
technologies, adapt them to local needs and conditions, minimize the risks associated with new
product and service deployment, and plan to demonstrate the value of their efforts.
This chapter examines challenges to the adoption of Internet-based technologies by health care
organizations. It attempts to identity fundamental impediments to greater use of the Internet that
may be expected to persist for some time. The first section of the chapter provides a context for
the analysis by reviewing the experiences of other industries that have achieved some success in
changing business practices by adopting Internet technologies. The second section discusses in
general terms why more health care organizations should be interested in adopting the Internet:
because it can advance their strategic interests. The third section deals with organizational
barriers that hinder Internet use. The discussion there addresses internal and external factors,
such as policy and technical barriers, that influence and constrain the form and extent of Internet
use, as well as the range of uncertainties that inhibit decision making regarding the Internet. The
last section addresses the importance of organizational leadership..
Suppose that the proportions of blood phenotypes in a particular pop.pdf
Suppose that the proportions of blood phenotypes in a particular population are as follows:
Assuming that the phenotypes of two randomly selected individuals are independent of one
another, what is the probability that both phenotypes are O? (Enter your answer to four decimal
places.)
What is the probability that the phenotypes of two randomly selected individuals match? (Enter
your answer to four decimal places.)A B AB O0.41 0.13 0.02 0.44
Solution.
Select all of the following that are true regarding evolution. Altho.pdf
Select all of the following that are true regarding evolution. Although not all transitional
organsisms have been preserved, scientists have unearthed many, including the tiktaalik.
Evolution is a theory about how life originated Complex human structures did not evolves as a
single functioning unit, but slowly over millions of years, piece by piece. Evolution is a theory
or a well-established and accepted scientific model that is based on extensive experimentation
and observation. Mutations that cause variation originate spontaneously by chance, but natural
selections drives evolution and is not random. Evolution is both observable and testable;
populations have been observed evolving in the laboratory and in the field. Evolution is a theory
about how the diversity of life emerged after life originated. Human traits are too complex to
have originated by random chance. Evolution is not observable or testable. Evolution is just a
theory and therefore does not have much evidence to support it. There are no transitional fossils.
Solution
Following are the true statements regarding Evolution.
Role of involvement in consumer decision-making. Identify the level .pdf
Role of involvement in consumer decision-making. Identify the level of involvement a customer
might use to make a purchase/no purchase decision of a cell phone. Then, discuss which type of
buying behavior is most consistent with that level of involvement.
Solution
Consumer involvement refers to degree of information processing or extent of importance that a
consumer attaches to a product.The degree of involvement has a very significant effect on
consumer behaviour. When more expensive products are to be purchased, the consumer gets
more involved in purchase process but he may not be equally involved in a product which is just
a rupee or two priced.
When consumers decide to buy a product based on the interest and importance of the product to
them, this is defined as involvement level. In other words, it measures how personally, socially
and economically involved the customer is with the product in order to buy it.
Levels of Involvment:
LOW INVOLVEMENT- Low involvement purchases are not really important to consumers,
have little relevance and need very limited information processing.(Example:Tea,
toothbrush,Washing powder.)
SOME INVOLVEMENT- Some involvement purchases are of little bit importance to customers.
It includes some evaluation of alternatives.(Ex: Skin cream,Torch, snacks)
HIGH INVOLVEMENT- High involvement purchases are those which are important to
consumers such as complex, expensive, risky or ego-intensive products & require extensive
information processing.(Ex: Cars, diamond, cell phone)
Therefore, it is evidend from the above analysis that the decision to purchase a cell phone
requires high involvement.
Extensive decision making is most consistent with that level of involvement.
Questionsa What are some of the barriers to understanding an issu.pdf
Questions
a: What are some of the barriers to understanding an issue as complex as Climate Change?
b: Are you surprised by how people have ‘used’ the information about a hiatus?
c: Are arguments establishing global warming sufficient to promote action on climate change or
not?
d: Assuming you were to believe in anthropocentric climate change, using the arguments in this
subject, are you in favour of taxes or cap and trade for addressing climate change? Why or why
not? PLANETOZ BYGRAHAMREADFEARN Global warming has not stopped. People should
understand that the planet is a closed system. As we increase our emissions of greenhouse gases,
the fundamental thermal dynamics tells us we have added heat into the system. Once it\'s
trapped, it can go to a myriad of places-land surface, oceans, ice shelves, ice sheets, glaciers for
example HOSTED BY THE GUARDIAN England explained how the winds help the ocean to
absorb heat into the thermocline-that\'s roughly the area between 100 metres and 300 metres
deep. He says once the trade winds drop which is likely to come within years rather than decades
- then the averaged surface temperatures will rise sharply again. The \'pause\' in global warming
is not even a thing Media outlets across the world have extensively covered England\'s paper.
National Geographic told us the study revealed how the heat had been \"hiding\" in the oceans.
All signs point to an acceleration of human-caused climate change. So why all this talk of a
pause? Over at the ABC, we were told the paper gave an explanation for \"a pause in global
warming\" and that \"over the past 15 years the rate of global warming has slowed - and more
recently almost stalled.\" The IPCC in 2013 pointed out that more than 90% of the world?s extra
heat is being soaked up by the oceans, rather than lingering on the surface. Photograph:
Universal History Archive\'Getty Images On The Conversation, we had \"Global warming stalled
by strong winds driving heat into oceans The idea that global warming has \"paused\" or is
currently chillaxing in a comfy chair with the words \"hiatus\" written on it has been getting a
good run in the media of late. Even though these reports spoke in detail about the complexity of
the research (England feels the coverage generally has been very good), they could inadvertently
cement the idea that global warming has in some way stopped, when it hasn\'t. Much of this is
down to a new study analysing why one single measure of climate change- the temperatures on
the surface averaged out across the entire globe - might not have been rising quite so quickly as
some thought they might. But this is almost unavoidable. You can hardly blame journalists and
commentators for repeating the phrase that \"global warming is in a hiatus\" when the offending
word is in the itle of the scientific paper itself (Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation
in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus But here\'s the thing. There never was a \"paus.
Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Graph ear Reture Period torm Du.pdf
Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Graph ear Reture Period torm Duration (minutes 3. The
Village of Aurora was never flooded before the Year 2016. Ever since a new development in the
neighboring city, the area started to experience the flood in 2017. An investigation was launched
and found that the new development was the cause of the flood for the downstream area
including the Aurora Village. What measures can be applied to mitigate the flood for the
downstream area?
Solution
The major development project which causes the flooding of the down stream areas are dams,
dams have both advantages and disadvantages in their own way, compared to the disadvantages
the advantages are more when compared in the long run, one of the major problem is flooding of
villages in the down stream areas and a lot of ecosystem is submerged while construction of the
dam, the following measures can be taken to prevent the flooding of areas in the down stream:
1. Design the dam in such a way that there would be minimum impact on the environment and
the population living nearby
2. If the soil is not fertile, then stabilize the soil if not done the erosion takes place
3. Remeandering of rivers is to be done so that they are in their natural course itself
4. Provide more reservouir for storing of water
5. Provide an alarming system for reducing of impact on the surrounding population
6. Provide sufficient number of crest gates to control the flow in case of floods
7. Construct the buildings above the ground level in flood prone areas, so that the houses will not
be damaged
The above measures would be sufficient enough to diminish the effect of flood in a given area..
Quality software project managementHow are tasks, activities, and .pdf
Quality software project management
How are tasks, activities, and phases most typically related to each other with respect to a
project? chapter 1
Solution
Answer :-
Software Project Management :
Tasks :
The during the development phase, everything that will be needed to implement the project is
arranged. Potential suppliers or subcontractors are brought in, a schedule is made, materials and
tools are ordered, instructions are given to the personnel and so forth. The development phase is
complete when implementation is ready to start. All matters must be clear for the parties that will
carry out the implementation
Activitie :
An activity is a major unit of work to be completed in achieving the objectives of a process. An
activity has precise starting and ending dates, incorporates a set of tasks to be completed,
consumes resources, and results in work products. An activity may have a precedence
relationship with other activities. For example, finish-to-start, start-to-start, finish-to-finish .
Phases :
The 5 Phases of a Project :
1) Project Initiation Phase :
A project is formally started, named and defined at a broad level during this phase. Project
sponsors and other important stakeholders due diligently decide whether or not to commit to a
project. Depending on the nature of the project, feasibility studies are conducted. Or, as it may
require, in an IT project – requirement gathering and analysis are performed in this phase. In the
construction industry a project charter is completed in this phase.
2) Project Planning Phase :
A project management plan is developed comprehensively of individual plans for – cost, scope,
duration, quality, communication, risk and resources. Some of the important activities that mark
this phase are -making WBS, development of schedule, milestone charts, GANTT charts,
estimating and reserving resources, planning dates and modes of communication with
stakeholders based on milestones, deadlines and important deliveries. A plan for managing
identified and unidentified risks is determined as this may affect aspects of a project later on.
Risk management planning includes: risk identification and analysis, risk mitigation approaches,
and risk response planning.
3) Project Execution Phase :
A project deliverable is developed and completed, adhering to a mapped-out plan. A lot of tasks
during this phase capture project metrics through tasks like status meetings and project status
updates, other status reports, human resource needs and performance reports. An important phase
as it will help you understand whether your project will be a success or failure.
4) Project Monitoring and Control Phase :
Project Monitoring and Control Phase occurring at the same time as the execution phase, this one
mostly deals with measuring the project performance and progression in accordance to the
project plan. Scope verification and control occur to check and monitor for scope creep, change
control to track and manage changes to proje.
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