The document summarizes a study on the settlement characteristics of sand reinforced with coir mats and coir fibers. Load-settlement tests were conducted on model footings placed on reinforced sand beds. It was found that the settlement reduction factor (SRF), a measure of settlement, increases with increasing stress for both mat and fiber reinforcement. For mat reinforcement, SRF increases with decreasing mat opening size and decreasing reinforcement depth. For fiber reinforcement, an optimum depth of 0.6 times the footing width was found to provide the highest SRF. Reinforcement form significantly influences strength, with mat reinforcement performing better at shallow depths and fiber reinforcement at greater depths.
Polypropylene reinforcement is a common method of strengthening soil. The aim of the present study is to understand the behavior of randomly distributed discrete polypropylene reinforced cohesive soil subjected to different strain rates.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Bearing Capacity of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Reinforced Sand Using Pl...IJERA Editor
The work presented here is a study to examine the improvement in bearing capacity of coastal sand of Trivandrum, Kerala, India using high density polyethylene (HDPE) /woven fabric as reinforcement in discrete layers. The bearing capacity was evaluated using plate load test. The effect of reinforcement configurations like sheet reinforcement (sanded with adhesive, with adhesive and sheet alone) and strip reinforcement (single and grid pattern) are investigated. The test parameters chosen for the present study are, depth of topmost layer of reinforcement layer below footing, compacted density and number of layers of reinforcement etc. From the tests, it has been observed that sheet reinforcement is more effective than sheet sanded with adhesive and strip reinforcements. It is found that the synthetic adhesive gives no binding action at the interface of the reinforcement and soil. But it is to be noted that the sheet with adhesive dried has a marked influence on the bearing capacity especially at lower densities. The strip reinforcements in single pattern is considered to be a favorable choice for minimum reinforcement. The strip reinforcement in single or grid pattern gives sufficient improvement in strength.
Theoretical Behaviourof Soil Stability Using Geo Grids.ijceronline
The subgrade of any pavement plays an important role in load bearing and support of traffic in the form of foundation. The present scenario describes that use of geogrid is used to stabilize a soft soil of highway subgrade so that a firm working platform could be provided for pavement construction.It is found that geo-grids placed at 3/5 the distance from the base shows higher CBR value than when placed at 2/5 and 4/5 distances from the base.The first objective of the study is to be the evaluation of the soil properties like particle size, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index to identify as a soft soil. Second objective of the study is to, improve the bearing capacity of soft soil by using flyash, lime, lime/flyash as a admixture and geogrids as a reinforcement. California Baring Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compression (UCC) tests were conducted in the laboratory on the soil
Polypropylene reinforcement is a common method of strengthening soil. The aim of the present study is to understand the behavior of randomly distributed discrete polypropylene reinforced cohesive soil subjected to different strain rates.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Bearing Capacity of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Reinforced Sand Using Pl...IJERA Editor
The work presented here is a study to examine the improvement in bearing capacity of coastal sand of Trivandrum, Kerala, India using high density polyethylene (HDPE) /woven fabric as reinforcement in discrete layers. The bearing capacity was evaluated using plate load test. The effect of reinforcement configurations like sheet reinforcement (sanded with adhesive, with adhesive and sheet alone) and strip reinforcement (single and grid pattern) are investigated. The test parameters chosen for the present study are, depth of topmost layer of reinforcement layer below footing, compacted density and number of layers of reinforcement etc. From the tests, it has been observed that sheet reinforcement is more effective than sheet sanded with adhesive and strip reinforcements. It is found that the synthetic adhesive gives no binding action at the interface of the reinforcement and soil. But it is to be noted that the sheet with adhesive dried has a marked influence on the bearing capacity especially at lower densities. The strip reinforcements in single pattern is considered to be a favorable choice for minimum reinforcement. The strip reinforcement in single or grid pattern gives sufficient improvement in strength.
Theoretical Behaviourof Soil Stability Using Geo Grids.ijceronline
The subgrade of any pavement plays an important role in load bearing and support of traffic in the form of foundation. The present scenario describes that use of geogrid is used to stabilize a soft soil of highway subgrade so that a firm working platform could be provided for pavement construction.It is found that geo-grids placed at 3/5 the distance from the base shows higher CBR value than when placed at 2/5 and 4/5 distances from the base.The first objective of the study is to be the evaluation of the soil properties like particle size, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index to identify as a soft soil. Second objective of the study is to, improve the bearing capacity of soft soil by using flyash, lime, lime/flyash as a admixture and geogrids as a reinforcement. California Baring Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compression (UCC) tests were conducted in the laboratory on the soil
Performance of square footing resting on laterally confined sandeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing on Reinforced Double Layer Soil S...IJERA Editor
This research was performed to investigate the effect of bearing capacity of strip footing on geogrid reinforced sand overlay on stabilized expansive soil (i.e. double layer soil system) and check the different parameters contributing to their performance using laboratory model tank tests. The parameters investigated in this study include H/B (thickness of top sandy layer to width of footing) u/B (location of the 1st layer of reinforcement to width of footing), h/B (vertical spacing between consecutive geogrid layers to width of footing), b/B (length of the geogrid layer to width of footing). The effect of different H/B ratios and geogrid reinforcement N values on the bearing capacity ration (BCR) and settlement reduction ratio (SRR) were also investigated. The results show that bearing capacity increases significantly with increasing the H/B ratio as well as number of geogrid layers. The bearing capacity for the soil increases with an average of 12.35% using H/B equal to0.5 and the bearing capacity increases with an average of 35.76%, 75.56% & 230.83% while using H/B equal to 1.0, 1.5 & 2.0. It also found that the use of sandy layers over flyash mixed clayey soil has a considerable effect on the bearing capacity characteristics and the use of geogrid layers in the granular overlay has remarkable effect on Bearing capacity ratio (BCR) & Settlement reduction ratio (SRR).
Soil stabilization can be done in many ways. But the stabilization using waste plastic fibers is an economic method since the stabilizer used here is waste plastic materials, which are easily available. A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are moldable.
soil stabilizers for sale
soil stabilizer products
spray on soil stabilizer
soil stabilizer equipment
liquid soil stabilizer
soil binder and stabilizer
soil stabilizer polymer
enzyme soil stabilizers
Plastic as a soil stabilizer ppt
interesting civil engineering topics
seminar topics pdf
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
civil engineering ppt
latest civil engineering seminar topics
Soil Stabilization Using Waste Materials in Sri Lankaijtsrd
The uses of automobiles are increasing day by day because of that the waste of tyres increases in Sri Lanka. Safer disposal of rubber tyre waste has become a challenging job in Sri Lanka. As a result of the improper way of disposal, there is a great damage to eco system like air pollution and aesthetic pollution. So that use of their basic properties in engineering applications are become prominent. This investigation has focused on the CBR of soil reinforced with randomly mixed shredded rubber tyre chips and the results will be compared with unreinforced samples. The optimal percentage value of shredded rubber tyre content in soil will be determined using the Standard proctor compaction test and CBR test. Increases in CBR value significantly reduce the total thickness of the pavement and hence the total cost involved in the road projects. H. L. S Sathik | D. De S. Udakara ""Soil Stabilization Using Waste Materials in Sri Lanka"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25147.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/geological-engineering/25147/soil-stabilization-using-waste-materials-in-sri-lanka/h-l-s-sathik
Improvement of Marine Clay Performance Using Geo-Textile Encased Stone ColumnIJERA Editor
The use of stone columns is a popular ground reinforcing technique for flexible structures like raft foundations,
oil storage tanks, embankments etc. The stone column technique is a cost effective method of improving the
strength parameters like bearing capacity and reduce the settlements. When stone columns in soft soil are
loaded, it undergoes excessive bulging due to low lateral confinement. To avoid this excessive bulging, stone
column is encased with geotextile. In the present study tests were performed with and without encasement of
geotextile. Stone column is encased with geotextile with different lengths of encasement like L/4, L/2, 3L/4 &
L. The tests indicate that the bearing capacity increases with increase of encasement length.
Review Paper on Study on Properties of Black Cotton Soil using Stone Dust and...ijtsrd
Soil is basic and important element in Civil Engineering field. Stability of every structure depends on the type and characteristics of foundation which in turn depends on the type of soil. Many problems irrupt if expansive soil, Natural soil is to be used in foundation, because of its shrinkage and swelling properties. There are many methods to make natural soil stable for various constructions. Natural soil is comfortable for road work, compared to other types of soil. There are two ways to enhance the quality of sub grade soil “Replacement of soil†or “Soil stabilizationâ€. Soil stabilization can be done chemically or mechanically. Chemical stabilization is carried out by adding different chemicals in suitable proportion, while Mechanical stabilization is achieved by addition of admixtures which helps to improve the properties of soil. Wankhade Ashutosh Purushottam | Pratiksha Malviya "Review Paper on Study on Properties of Black Cotton Soil using Stone Dust and Sisal Fiber" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23537.pdf
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL JUTE FIBRES A CASE STUDYIAEME Publication
Soil reinforcement technique is one of the most popular techniques used for improvement of poor soils. Metal strips, synthetic geotextiles, geogrid sheets, natural geotextiles, randomly distributed, synthetic and natural fibres are being used as reinforcing materials to soil. Further, the soil reinforcement causes significant improvement in tensile strength, shear strength, other properties, bearing capacity as well as economy. Use of natural fibre in civil engineering for improving soil properties is advantageous because they are cheap, locally available, biodegradable and environmental friendly. India has large tracks resting on expansive soil covering an area of 0.8million square meters which is about 20% of total area of India .These expansive soils undergo causes volumetric changes with change in moisture contents, swelling and shrinkage of these soil causes severe damage to the foundations, buildings, roads, retaining structures etc.In this project an attempt is made to study the influence of jute fibre reinforcement on cbr properties of expansive soil with increasing percentages 1%, 2% &3%.
An Experimental Study of Soil Stabilization with Cement and Polymerijtsrd
The aim of the study was to determine the value of Unconfined compressive strength and CBR values of Soil after stabilizing it with Cement and Polymer. Soil stabilization has been widely used as an alternative to substitute the lack of suitable material on site. The utilization of nontraditional compound stabilizers in soil improvement is developing every day. In this investigation a lab try was led to assess the impacts of waterborne polymer on unconfined pressure quality on sandy soil and CBR Test on clayey soil .The lab tests were performed including grain size of sandy soil, unit weight, and unconfined compressive quality test. The sand and different measures of polymer 2 , 3 , and 4 and concrete 20 , 30 , and 40 were blended in with every one of them into mixture utilizing hand blending in research center conditions. The examples were exposed to unconfined pressure tests to decide their quality following 7 days of restoring. The consequences of the tests showed that the waterborne polymer fundamentally improved the unconfined pressure quality of sandy soils which have weakness of liquefaction. Polymer altered the building properties of soil through physical holding. The amount of polymer required to modify the engineering properties was directly related to specific surface and soil particle coating thickness. Polymer amended soils displayed a reduced performance compared to cement amended soils. Sankalp Jain | Prabhat Kumar Tiwari | Abhay Kumar Jha "An Experimental Study of Soil Stabilization with Cement and Polymer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47711.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47711/an-experimental-study-of-soil-stabilization-with-cement-and-polymer/sankalp-jain
Soil Stabilization using Fly Ash and Cotton Fiberijtsrd
Mixing of fiber for ground improvement has been practiced for recent years. Many researches has shown the expected results. This paper mainly deals with the ground improvement technique using both Fly Ash and cotton fiber. The combination of them gives a satisfactory value of its practical application. Both Fly Ash and Cotton fiber are treated as waste materials in our country in spite of having its engineering significances. Here all the tests were performed accepting the Fly Ash percent is 10 for maximum bearing capacity of soil. Three types of sample were prepared as per 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% of cotton fiber. For instances, it deliberately increases the Dry Density of soil up to 48.05 KN/m3 where as normal unreinforced soil sample gives about 22 KN/m3. The Ultimate bearing capacity increases up to 80.65 Kpa whereas the unreinforced soil sample gives for 35 Kpa. The result of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test gives desired value (23%) than unreinforced soil (17%). The CBR test is performed only for 0.7% of cotton fiber where maximum stress is found. The most significant part in this study is to show the variation on cotton fiber for ground improvement technique at different ratio. This paper shows the gradual increase in Deviator stress for UCS tests for the increase in the percent of cotton fiber mixing with Fly Ash. This research may meet the need of ground having low strength at important sites. Tonmoy Kumar Brahmachary "Soil Stabilization using Fly Ash and Cotton Fiber " Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2493.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/2493/soil-stabilization-using-fly-ash-and-cotton-fiber-/tonmoy-kumar-brahmachary-
Soil Stabilization by Using Lime and Fly Ashijtsrd
For any type of structure, the foundation is very important and it has to be strong to support the entire structure. In order for the strong foundation, the soil around it plays a very critical role. To work on soils, we need to have proper knowledge about their properties and factors which affect their behaviour. By consolidating under load and changing volumetrically along with seasonal moisture variation, these problems are manifested through swelling, shrinkage and unequal settlement. In this paper the experimental results obtained in the laboratory on expansive soils treated with industrial waste fly ash and lime are presented. A study is carried out to check the improvements in the properties of expansive soil with fly ash and lime in varying percentages. The test results such as liquid limit, standard proctor and differential free swelling test obtained on expansive clays mixed at different proportions of lime and fly ash admixture are presented and discussed in this paper. The results show that the stabilized clay has lesser swelling potential whereas an increase in optimum moisture content has been observed. P. Bala Krishana | G. Seshu Pavan "Soil Stabilization by Using Lime & Fly Ash" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26442.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/26442/soil-stabilization-by-using-lime-and-fly-ash/p-bala-krishana
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
LABORATORY MODEL TESTS TO EFFECT OF DENSITY TO FILL MATERIAL ON THE PERFORMAN...IAEME Publication
The effective functioning of reinforced earth structures is very much dependent on the quality of materials and construction. Many times, due to poor quality of the materials used and poor quality control measures exercised, the density of the reinforced soil fill is not up to the design requirements, leading to underperformance or distress of the reinforced soil walls. Therefore, it becomes necessary to evaluate the level of underperformance vis-à-vis that of relative compaction. In view of this, in the present study, a series of laboratory experiments were carried out on a model soil wall of 300 mm high with vertical face, prepared at different density states of 95%, 80% and 70% of MDD of IS HCT. The wall was subjected to monotonic load applied through a model square footing of size (B) equal to 50 mm on the surface at an offset distance of 1(B). Similar tests were carried out on the soil wall reinforced with a Woven Geotextile in wrap around form; to study the effect of density on the performance of reinforced soil wall. The results indicated proportionality between relative compaction level and performance of soil wall without and with reinforcement.
EFFECT OF GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT ON LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF A COARSE SAND BEDIAEME Publication
A series of laboratory model tests was conducted to study the improvement in bearing capacity of coarse sands compacted to a relative density of 50%. A surface footing plate of diameter 60 mm was used as the shallow foundation. Circular geogrids of diameter 120 mm were used as horizontal reinforcement layers. The number of geogrids and the spacing between them were varied in the study. It was found that the bearing capacity of loose sand layers improved with introduction of horizontal geogrid reinforcement layer. Bearing capacity was found to improve further with increase in number of geogrid layers and with decrease in spacing between them. The depth to the geogrid layer from the base of the foundation was also varied in the study.
Effect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced SandRSIS International
Employment in rural areas is generated when byproduct
from the natural materials is used in construction
industry. The extent of usage of coir fibres in construction
industry is restricted by the fact that it is biodegradable. Though
use of natural materials such as coir fibers is well established. In
this view, the objective the present study is to surface treat the
coir mats, making it hydrophobic. Model footing tests using
model footing of 50mm diameter resting on Surface treated coir
mat of different opening size were conducted. The results
indicate that the surface treatment of coir products is beneficial
in increasing the strength of reinforced soil when compared with
untreated coir mats
Performance of square footing resting on laterally confined sandeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing on Reinforced Double Layer Soil S...IJERA Editor
This research was performed to investigate the effect of bearing capacity of strip footing on geogrid reinforced sand overlay on stabilized expansive soil (i.e. double layer soil system) and check the different parameters contributing to their performance using laboratory model tank tests. The parameters investigated in this study include H/B (thickness of top sandy layer to width of footing) u/B (location of the 1st layer of reinforcement to width of footing), h/B (vertical spacing between consecutive geogrid layers to width of footing), b/B (length of the geogrid layer to width of footing). The effect of different H/B ratios and geogrid reinforcement N values on the bearing capacity ration (BCR) and settlement reduction ratio (SRR) were also investigated. The results show that bearing capacity increases significantly with increasing the H/B ratio as well as number of geogrid layers. The bearing capacity for the soil increases with an average of 12.35% using H/B equal to0.5 and the bearing capacity increases with an average of 35.76%, 75.56% & 230.83% while using H/B equal to 1.0, 1.5 & 2.0. It also found that the use of sandy layers over flyash mixed clayey soil has a considerable effect on the bearing capacity characteristics and the use of geogrid layers in the granular overlay has remarkable effect on Bearing capacity ratio (BCR) & Settlement reduction ratio (SRR).
Soil stabilization can be done in many ways. But the stabilization using waste plastic fibers is an economic method since the stabilizer used here is waste plastic materials, which are easily available. A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are moldable.
soil stabilizers for sale
soil stabilizer products
spray on soil stabilizer
soil stabilizer equipment
liquid soil stabilizer
soil binder and stabilizer
soil stabilizer polymer
enzyme soil stabilizers
Plastic as a soil stabilizer ppt
interesting civil engineering topics
seminar topics pdf
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
civil engineering ppt
latest civil engineering seminar topics
Soil Stabilization Using Waste Materials in Sri Lankaijtsrd
The uses of automobiles are increasing day by day because of that the waste of tyres increases in Sri Lanka. Safer disposal of rubber tyre waste has become a challenging job in Sri Lanka. As a result of the improper way of disposal, there is a great damage to eco system like air pollution and aesthetic pollution. So that use of their basic properties in engineering applications are become prominent. This investigation has focused on the CBR of soil reinforced with randomly mixed shredded rubber tyre chips and the results will be compared with unreinforced samples. The optimal percentage value of shredded rubber tyre content in soil will be determined using the Standard proctor compaction test and CBR test. Increases in CBR value significantly reduce the total thickness of the pavement and hence the total cost involved in the road projects. H. L. S Sathik | D. De S. Udakara ""Soil Stabilization Using Waste Materials in Sri Lanka"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25147.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/geological-engineering/25147/soil-stabilization-using-waste-materials-in-sri-lanka/h-l-s-sathik
Improvement of Marine Clay Performance Using Geo-Textile Encased Stone ColumnIJERA Editor
The use of stone columns is a popular ground reinforcing technique for flexible structures like raft foundations,
oil storage tanks, embankments etc. The stone column technique is a cost effective method of improving the
strength parameters like bearing capacity and reduce the settlements. When stone columns in soft soil are
loaded, it undergoes excessive bulging due to low lateral confinement. To avoid this excessive bulging, stone
column is encased with geotextile. In the present study tests were performed with and without encasement of
geotextile. Stone column is encased with geotextile with different lengths of encasement like L/4, L/2, 3L/4 &
L. The tests indicate that the bearing capacity increases with increase of encasement length.
Review Paper on Study on Properties of Black Cotton Soil using Stone Dust and...ijtsrd
Soil is basic and important element in Civil Engineering field. Stability of every structure depends on the type and characteristics of foundation which in turn depends on the type of soil. Many problems irrupt if expansive soil, Natural soil is to be used in foundation, because of its shrinkage and swelling properties. There are many methods to make natural soil stable for various constructions. Natural soil is comfortable for road work, compared to other types of soil. There are two ways to enhance the quality of sub grade soil “Replacement of soil†or “Soil stabilizationâ€. Soil stabilization can be done chemically or mechanically. Chemical stabilization is carried out by adding different chemicals in suitable proportion, while Mechanical stabilization is achieved by addition of admixtures which helps to improve the properties of soil. Wankhade Ashutosh Purushottam | Pratiksha Malviya "Review Paper on Study on Properties of Black Cotton Soil using Stone Dust and Sisal Fiber" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23537.pdf
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL JUTE FIBRES A CASE STUDYIAEME Publication
Soil reinforcement technique is one of the most popular techniques used for improvement of poor soils. Metal strips, synthetic geotextiles, geogrid sheets, natural geotextiles, randomly distributed, synthetic and natural fibres are being used as reinforcing materials to soil. Further, the soil reinforcement causes significant improvement in tensile strength, shear strength, other properties, bearing capacity as well as economy. Use of natural fibre in civil engineering for improving soil properties is advantageous because they are cheap, locally available, biodegradable and environmental friendly. India has large tracks resting on expansive soil covering an area of 0.8million square meters which is about 20% of total area of India .These expansive soils undergo causes volumetric changes with change in moisture contents, swelling and shrinkage of these soil causes severe damage to the foundations, buildings, roads, retaining structures etc.In this project an attempt is made to study the influence of jute fibre reinforcement on cbr properties of expansive soil with increasing percentages 1%, 2% &3%.
An Experimental Study of Soil Stabilization with Cement and Polymerijtsrd
The aim of the study was to determine the value of Unconfined compressive strength and CBR values of Soil after stabilizing it with Cement and Polymer. Soil stabilization has been widely used as an alternative to substitute the lack of suitable material on site. The utilization of nontraditional compound stabilizers in soil improvement is developing every day. In this investigation a lab try was led to assess the impacts of waterborne polymer on unconfined pressure quality on sandy soil and CBR Test on clayey soil .The lab tests were performed including grain size of sandy soil, unit weight, and unconfined compressive quality test. The sand and different measures of polymer 2 , 3 , and 4 and concrete 20 , 30 , and 40 were blended in with every one of them into mixture utilizing hand blending in research center conditions. The examples were exposed to unconfined pressure tests to decide their quality following 7 days of restoring. The consequences of the tests showed that the waterborne polymer fundamentally improved the unconfined pressure quality of sandy soils which have weakness of liquefaction. Polymer altered the building properties of soil through physical holding. The amount of polymer required to modify the engineering properties was directly related to specific surface and soil particle coating thickness. Polymer amended soils displayed a reduced performance compared to cement amended soils. Sankalp Jain | Prabhat Kumar Tiwari | Abhay Kumar Jha "An Experimental Study of Soil Stabilization with Cement and Polymer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47711.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47711/an-experimental-study-of-soil-stabilization-with-cement-and-polymer/sankalp-jain
Soil Stabilization using Fly Ash and Cotton Fiberijtsrd
Mixing of fiber for ground improvement has been practiced for recent years. Many researches has shown the expected results. This paper mainly deals with the ground improvement technique using both Fly Ash and cotton fiber. The combination of them gives a satisfactory value of its practical application. Both Fly Ash and Cotton fiber are treated as waste materials in our country in spite of having its engineering significances. Here all the tests were performed accepting the Fly Ash percent is 10 for maximum bearing capacity of soil. Three types of sample were prepared as per 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% of cotton fiber. For instances, it deliberately increases the Dry Density of soil up to 48.05 KN/m3 where as normal unreinforced soil sample gives about 22 KN/m3. The Ultimate bearing capacity increases up to 80.65 Kpa whereas the unreinforced soil sample gives for 35 Kpa. The result of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test gives desired value (23%) than unreinforced soil (17%). The CBR test is performed only for 0.7% of cotton fiber where maximum stress is found. The most significant part in this study is to show the variation on cotton fiber for ground improvement technique at different ratio. This paper shows the gradual increase in Deviator stress for UCS tests for the increase in the percent of cotton fiber mixing with Fly Ash. This research may meet the need of ground having low strength at important sites. Tonmoy Kumar Brahmachary "Soil Stabilization using Fly Ash and Cotton Fiber " Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2493.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/2493/soil-stabilization-using-fly-ash-and-cotton-fiber-/tonmoy-kumar-brahmachary-
Soil Stabilization by Using Lime and Fly Ashijtsrd
For any type of structure, the foundation is very important and it has to be strong to support the entire structure. In order for the strong foundation, the soil around it plays a very critical role. To work on soils, we need to have proper knowledge about their properties and factors which affect their behaviour. By consolidating under load and changing volumetrically along with seasonal moisture variation, these problems are manifested through swelling, shrinkage and unequal settlement. In this paper the experimental results obtained in the laboratory on expansive soils treated with industrial waste fly ash and lime are presented. A study is carried out to check the improvements in the properties of expansive soil with fly ash and lime in varying percentages. The test results such as liquid limit, standard proctor and differential free swelling test obtained on expansive clays mixed at different proportions of lime and fly ash admixture are presented and discussed in this paper. The results show that the stabilized clay has lesser swelling potential whereas an increase in optimum moisture content has been observed. P. Bala Krishana | G. Seshu Pavan "Soil Stabilization by Using Lime & Fly Ash" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26442.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/26442/soil-stabilization-by-using-lime-and-fly-ash/p-bala-krishana
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
LABORATORY MODEL TESTS TO EFFECT OF DENSITY TO FILL MATERIAL ON THE PERFORMAN...IAEME Publication
The effective functioning of reinforced earth structures is very much dependent on the quality of materials and construction. Many times, due to poor quality of the materials used and poor quality control measures exercised, the density of the reinforced soil fill is not up to the design requirements, leading to underperformance or distress of the reinforced soil walls. Therefore, it becomes necessary to evaluate the level of underperformance vis-à-vis that of relative compaction. In view of this, in the present study, a series of laboratory experiments were carried out on a model soil wall of 300 mm high with vertical face, prepared at different density states of 95%, 80% and 70% of MDD of IS HCT. The wall was subjected to monotonic load applied through a model square footing of size (B) equal to 50 mm on the surface at an offset distance of 1(B). Similar tests were carried out on the soil wall reinforced with a Woven Geotextile in wrap around form; to study the effect of density on the performance of reinforced soil wall. The results indicated proportionality between relative compaction level and performance of soil wall without and with reinforcement.
EFFECT OF GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT ON LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF A COARSE SAND BEDIAEME Publication
A series of laboratory model tests was conducted to study the improvement in bearing capacity of coarse sands compacted to a relative density of 50%. A surface footing plate of diameter 60 mm was used as the shallow foundation. Circular geogrids of diameter 120 mm were used as horizontal reinforcement layers. The number of geogrids and the spacing between them were varied in the study. It was found that the bearing capacity of loose sand layers improved with introduction of horizontal geogrid reinforcement layer. Bearing capacity was found to improve further with increase in number of geogrid layers and with decrease in spacing between them. The depth to the geogrid layer from the base of the foundation was also varied in the study.
Effect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced SandRSIS International
Employment in rural areas is generated when byproduct
from the natural materials is used in construction
industry. The extent of usage of coir fibres in construction
industry is restricted by the fact that it is biodegradable. Though
use of natural materials such as coir fibers is well established. In
this view, the objective the present study is to surface treat the
coir mats, making it hydrophobic. Model footing tests using
model footing of 50mm diameter resting on Surface treated coir
mat of different opening size were conducted. The results
indicate that the surface treatment of coir products is beneficial
in increasing the strength of reinforced soil when compared with
untreated coir mats
Performance Study of Square Footing Resting Over Geo-Grid Reinforced SandIJERA Editor
Decreasing availability of good construction sites and increasing construction activities for infrastructural developments throughout the world has forced the civil engineers to utilize unsuitable sites or weak soil. So for sustainable infrastructural development, there is a need to utilize these type of unsuitable land by the use of ground improvement techniques. There are different ground improvement techniques to stabilize the poor ground in which soil reinforcement is an effective and reliable technique. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of the geo-grid reinforcement on the bearing capacity of sand. The model tests have been conducted using square footing at u/B=0.25 & 0.55. The average relative density kept up throughout all the tests is 65%. The sand is reinforced by multiple layers (1, 2, 3 & 4) of geo-grid. The ultimate bearing capacity of sand with square footing was computed by load-settlement curve. By these load-settlement curve, an appreciable increase in bearing capacity of sand was observed as the depth to the first layer of reinforcement increased. The optimum depth of placement of the first layer was 0.5B.
Utilisation of Waste Materials in the Construction Of RoadsIJERD Editor
Expansive soils are so widely spread that it becomes impossible to avoid them for highway construction to keep the network structure for mobility and accessibility. These soils are prevalent as large tracts in many parts of the world. Many highway agencies, private organizations and researchers are doing extensive studies on waste materials and research projects concerning the feasibility and environmental suitability. It is necessary to utilize the waste affectively with technical development in each field. Cyclic plate load tests were carried out on the tracks with optimum percentage of reinforcement materials like waste plastics and waste tyre rubber in gravel/flyash subbase laid on expansive subgrade. Test results show that maximum load carrying capacity associated with less value of rebound deflection is obtained for gravel/flyash reinforced subbase compared to unreinforced subbase.
Improving the load carrying capacity of square footing resting on reinforced ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The rapid growth of the big cities in the vertical direction leads to essentially of strengthening of low bearing capacity areas as the cost of land is very high and also, the disposal of the plastic wastes such as plastic bottles, bags etc. is a big problem and environmental hazards in such areas. The waste plastic bottles as geotechnical material are used to solve both geotechnical and environmental problems. The laboratory investigations are carried out to evaluate the effect of waste plastic bottles as soil reinforcement for improving bearing capacity of soil. The bearing capacity of square footing on sandy soil reinforced with waste plastic water bottles for different L/D ratio, number of layers and for different densities of foundation soil is evaluated through model test. The increase in the bearing capacity with the provision of waste plastic bottle as reinforcement is observed. Keywords: Sand, Ultimate load, Settlement, Reinforcement, U/B ratio, L/D ratio.
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Dark cotton garden soil is usually accumulated near KSRM college or university regarding KADAPA is usually stabilized along with arbitrarily sent out Polypropylene fibers’ in addition to Nonwoven geo-textile along with unique u/d rate in addition to yellow sand content material regarding 5, 10 in addition to 15 per cent through excess weight. The actual CBR testing have been carried out inside the laboratory work for unique combination size regarding fibers in addition to geo-textile along with dark-colored silk cotton garden soil. Substantial enhancement can be found in this CBR benefit regarding dark-colored silk cotton garden soil.
Study on shear strength characteristics of coir mat reinforced sandeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
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eccentricity ratio, ring radii ratio and geogrid reinforcement on bearing capacity of the foundation.
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Igc2014 paper
1. Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference IGC-2014
December 18-20, 2014, Kakinada, India
SETTLEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF COIR MAT AND COIR
FIBER REINFORCED SAND
Dr.M.T.Prathap Kumar. Prof.,Dept. of Civil Engg., Reva Inst. of T & M, Blore.,drmtprathap@gmail.com
R Sridhar, Research Scholar, Ghousia college of Engg. Ramanagara, sridharrajagopalg@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: The use of natural fibers for soil improvement is highly attractive in countries where such materials
are locally and economically obtainable, in view of the preservation of natural environment and cost effectiveness.
Very few literatures are available to assess comparative performance of two forms of reinforcement, viz., mat type
and fiber type, that are extensively used as reinforcing the soils. In the present study, load-settlement tests using
model footing of 50mm diameter resting on coir mat of different opening size and coir fibers of average length of
20mm were conducted. The performance of both the forms of reinforcement were analyzed by calculating
Settlement Reduction Factor (SRF).. Variations between SRF versus normalized stress were plotted to acess the
performance of model footings for settlement. It was found that, SRF increases with increase in normalized stress.
With decrease in mat opening size, there is significant increase in SRF for a given u/B ratio. Settlement of footings
on fiber reinforced sand is dependent on depth of fiber reinforced zone. SRF obtained corresponding to u/B=0.6 is
significant for all values of normalized stress, indicating u/B=0.6 becomes optimum depth of fiber reinforced zone
from consideration of both bearing capacity and settlement.
Key words: Settlement Reduction Factor, model footings, Coir mat
INTRODUCTION
The use of natural fibers for soil improvement is
highly attractive in countries where such materials
are locally and economically obtainable, in view of
the preservation of natural environment and cost
effectiveness. Several investigations have been
carried out [1-5] with regard to the bearing
capacity of mat type and fiber type of
reinforcements and have indicated that both
synthetic and natural materials when used as
reinforcement in soils are beneficial in increasing
the bearing capacity of soil and in reducing the
settlement of reinforced soil. Guido et al. (1986)
[6]performed a series of laboratory model tests on
rectangular and square footing. They indicated that
bearing capacity ratio (BCR) at a settlement of
0.1Bincreases rapidly with increasing strip length
up to a length of about 0.7B after which it remains
relatively constant. Omar et al. (1993)[7] have
conducted laboratory model test results for the
ultimate bearing capacity of strip and square
foundations on sand reinforced with geogrid layers.
Based onthe model test results, the critical depth of
reinforcement and the dimensions of the geogrid
layers for mobilizing the maximum bearing
capacity ratio have been determined and compared
Dash et al. (2004)[8] have done model studies on
circular footing supported on geocell reinforced
sand underlain by soft clay. The test beds are
subjected to monotonic loading by a rigid circular
footing. The influence of width and height of
geocell mattress as well as that of a planar geogrid
layer at the base of the geocell mattress on the
overall performance of the system has been
systematically studied through a series of tests. The
test results indicate that the provision of geocell
reinforcement in the overlaying sand layer
improves the load carrying capacity and reduces
the surface heaving of the foundation bed
substantially. The performance improvement
increases with increase in the width of the geocell
layer up to b/D = 5, beyond which it is negligible.
(Here, b =width of geocell layer, D = diameter of
footing). The overall performance improvement is
significant up to a geocell height of about two
times the diameter of the footing and beyond this,
the improvement is marginal. Das et al. (1998) [9]
have conducted laboratory tests to find out 1the
2. M.T.Prathap kumar,R.Sridhar
effect of transient loading over a foundation
supported by geogrid reinforced sand. In the test, a
square foundation is used and through out the test
one relative density is maintained. In al the tests,
the peak value of the transient load per unit area of
the foundation exceeded the ultimate static bearing
capacity of foundation supported by unreinforced
sand. The conclusion drawn this test is that the
geogrid reinforcement reduces the settlement due
to transient loading. Madhavi Latha and
AmitSomwanshi(2007)[10] Presented the result
from laboratory model test on square footing
resting on sand. Laboratory model test and
numerical simulation on square footing supported
by sand bed with or without geosynthetic
reinforcement are discussed. MadhaviLatha and
Vidya (2006)[11].Presented the effects
of reinforcement form on strength improvement of
geosynthetic-reinforced sand through triaxial
compression tests. Samples of sand reinforced with
geosynthetics in three different forms, viz.
horizontal layers, geocells, and randomly
distributed discrete fibers are tested in triaxial
compression and results are analyzed to understand
the strength improvement in sand due to
reinforcement in different forms.In all these
investigations, it has been observed that the layout
and configuration of reinforcement play a vital role
in bearing capacity improvement rather than the
tensile strength of the material. In contrast to grid
or mat form of reinforcement, randomly distributed
fibre-reinforced soils exhibit some advantages.
Preparation of randomly distributed fibre-
reinforced soils mimics soil stabilization by
admixtures.[12]. Discrete fibres are simply added
and mixed with soil, much like cement, lime, or
other additives and offer strength isotropy and limit
potential planes of weakness that can develop
parallel to the oriented reinforcement as included
in reinforced soil[13].Interaction between soil and
grid/mat basically depends on mechanical
properties of soil (density, grain size distribution,
particle size, shape and orientation) and
geometrical and mechanical properties of
reinforcement.When grids/mats are used, aperture
size of the grid, thickness and shape of rib cross
section, extensibility of longitudinal ribs, flexibility
and shear stiffness of transversal ribs, strength of
knots matters Degree of interaction is influenced
by interrelation of soil particles and structure of the
grid: ratio between particle. The interaction of fiber
reinforcement is much simpler, where in, the
isotropic compression causes relative movement
among particles and produces tensile stresses in the
fibres located among them. There is also the
possibility of an additional mechanism of fibre
breaking during testing by squeezing and crushing
of the sand particles, cutting the fibres trapped
between them. Very few investigations are
available on the comparative assesment of
behaviour of mat/grid form of reinforcement versus
fiber reinforcement, as essentially there exists a
completely different mechanism between two
forms of reinforcement. The objective present
study thus is to understand the performance of two
forms of reinforcement, viz., mat type and fiber
type of reinforcement. For this study, the locally
available coir based materials have been used as
reinforcement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sand Used
Sand, a naturally occurring granular material
composed of finely divided rock and mineral
particles was used which was obtained locally at
Bangalore. Properties of sand used in the present
experimental study are as shown in Table 1
Table1: Properties of Sand Used
Coir and Coir Mat Used
Coir mat and coir fibres obtained from coir
industry, Gubbi, Tumkur district, Karnataka, India,
were used in the present study.
Coefficient ofuniformity, (Cu) 4.48
Coefficient of curvature, Cc 0.960
Specific gravity, G 2.66
Maximum density of sand,
ϒd(max.), kN/m3
16.7
Minimum density of sand,
ϒd(min.), kN/m3
14.0
Classification of Sand SP
3. Settlement characteristics of coir fibre and coir mat reinforced sand
Model footings and test tank
The load tests on model footings resting on
unreinforced sand and reinforced sand were
conducted in a load frame that can apply load at a
continuous rate of 1.25mm/minute. Sand beds were
prepared in a cylindrical steel tank of diameter
300mm and height 350 mm. The model footing
used for the tests was circular in shape and is of 50
mm diameter and is of sufficient thickness to
withstand bending stress.Fig.1 shows the typical
layout of the reinforced sand bed adopted in the
model tests.
Methodology for load testing
Sand bed was prepared up to the height of 30cm by
compaction in three layers and a relative density
of 80% was maintained for all the tests. Coir mats
of opening 10x10 mm,20x20 mm and 30x 30 mm
and of diameter slightly less than the inner
diameter of tank, to avoid side friction, were used
and placed at specific depths while preparing the
sand bed for each model test. Coir fibers of average
length 20mm were randomly reinforced for the
required depth. The depth of layer of reinforcement
in case of coir mat and the depth of randomly
treated fibre reinforced sand from the bottom of the
footing is measured as u, and model footing tests
for various depth of reinforcement to width of
footing ratio(u/B) 0.6, 0.3, 1.0 and 2.0 were
conducted.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the test set-up
Tests with reinforced sand beds were carried out by
placing the coir mat at the predetermined depths
while preparing the sand beds. After preparing the
bed, surface was leveled and the footing was
placed exactly at the center to avoid eccentric
loading. The footing was loaded and the load was
applied at the rate of 1.25mm/min, measuring the
corresponding footing settlements through the dial
gauges D1, D2 and D3.Average of the three
readings were considered as final settlement for a
given load intensity. Model footings resting on
unreinforced sand bed were conducted to compare
the results in terms of ‘Bearing Capacity Ratio
(BCR).Experiments was repeated with
unreinforced sand for comparison purpose.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Effect of Coir Mat and Coir Fiber
Reinforcement on Peak Stress at Failure
Results of the load settlement measurement were
plotted in terms of Load-intensity versus Percent
Strain for model footings resting on unreinforced
and reinforced sand beds. Typical curves at U/B
ratio of 0.3,0.6 and 1.0 for coir mat reinforced sand
are as shown in Figures 2,3 and 4. The peak stress
was obtained from these plots and the strain
corresponding to the peak stress was considered
peak strain.
Fig2: Typical Load intensity versus Settlement for
U/B=0.3 for coir mat reinforced sand
Load–settlement behaviour of sand showed general
shear failure,indicating that the sand was stiffened
with the inclusion of reinforcement. Lifting of coir
mat placed at shallow depth ratio of u/B=0.3 was
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 10 20 30 40
LOADINTENSITYKN/m2
% STRAIN
4. M.T.Prathap kumar,R.Sridhar
observed beyond peak stress value measured
during loading process.Considerable bulging was
the edges of model footiongs were observed for
sand reinforced with coir fibers upto a shallow
depth ratio of u/B=0.3 anmd 0.6..
It can also be seen that the peak stress obtained is
significantly larger for mat form of reinforcement,
when placed at lower u/B ratio. However, the peak
stress at failure at higher u/B ratio for fiber type of
reinforcement is significantly larger than that
obtained for coir mat form of reinforcement. The
trend in the result thus has a significant bearing on
design aspects of foundations on reinforced soil
bed
Fig3: Typical Load intensity versus Settlement for
coir Fiber reinforced sand
Fig 4 shows similar comparative variation of
Strain at peak stress, called as peak strain, for both
coir mat and coir fiber reinforced sand. The trend
obtained was similar to variation of peak stress for
both form of reinforcement. The increase in peak
strain with u/B ratio for coir fiber reinforced sand
indicates that the introduction of randomly
distributed fibers in soil increases the ductility of
soil, as there is no plane of weakness unlike coir
mat reinforced sand. Thus a fiber form of
reinforced soil will have a significant improvement
in resisting cyclic or dynamic loads.
Bearing Capacity ratio (BCR) was calculated as the
ratio between Peak stresses at failure of reinforced
sand to peak stress at failure for unreinforced sand.
Fig.5 shows such a variation with increase in u/B
ratio for both coir mat form of reinforcement and
coir fiber form of reinforcement.. As can be seen,
that the BCR increases with decrease in size of the
opening and is maximum for mat opening of size
10x10mm.For the case of coir fiber reinforced
sand, the maximum BCR corresponds to u/B=1.0,
indicating that there always exists an optimum u/B
ratio at which strength gain of fiber reinforced will
be maximum.
Fig 4: Comparative Variation of Peak Strain with
u/B ratio for coir mat and Coir Fiber Reinforced
Sand
Fig 5: Comparative Variation of BCR with u/B
ratio for coir mat and Coir Fiber Reinforced Sand
Effect of Coir Mat and Coir Fiber
Reinforcement on Settlement Reduction Factor
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 10 20 30 40
LOADINTENSITYKN/m2
% STRAIN
10mmX10m
m COIR MAT
20mmX20m
m COIR MAT
30mmX30m
m COIR MAT
UNREINFOR
CED
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
PEAKSTRESS(KN/m2)
u/B RATIO
10X10
mm
20X20
mm
30X30
mm
FRS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
BCR
u/B ratio
FOR UNTREATED MAT
10X10mm
20X20mm
30X30mm
FRS
5. Settlement characteristics of coir fibre and coir mat reinforced sand
Variations between SRF versus normalized stress
were plotted to assess the performance of model
footings for settlement. Figure 6 shows such a
variation for model footings resting on reinforced
sand with different u/B ratios and different size of
mat openings. In majority of the cases, SRF
increases with increase in normalized stress.
Further, with decrease in mat opening size, there is
significant increase in SRF for a given u/B ratio.
With increase in u/B ratio, there is decrese in SRF,
indicating that when mat reinforcement is placed
at shallow depth, the settlement of the model
footings also decreases significantly. Increase in
the mat opening size, also increases settlement.
Fig 6 : Variation of model footings resting on coir
mat reinforced sand
Figure 7 shows similar variation for model footings
resting on coir fiber reinforced sand It can be seen
that there is significant increse in SRF with
increase in depth of fiber reinforced zone i.e u/B
ratio. Hence settlement of footings on fiber
reinforced sand is dependent on depth of fiber
reinforced zone. SRF obtained corresponding to
u/B=0.6 is significant for all values of normalized
stress, indicating u/B=0.6 becomes optimum depth
of fiber reinforced zone from consideration of both
bearing capacity and settlement for the case of
fiber reinforced sand.
Fig 7 : Variation of model footings resting on coir
fiber reinforced sand
CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of present experimental study, the
following conclusions have been drawn:
The forms of reinforcement, viz.mat/grid and fibers
have significant influence on strength of reinforced
sand. The peak stress and hence BCR is decreases
with increases with increases in u/B ratio, for the
case of mat form of reinforcement.
The size of the mat opening has a significant
influence on BCR of coir mat reinforced sand.
Smaller the opening size of mat, greater
interlocking effect, which increase the BCR of mat
form of reinforcement
.For fiber form of reinforcement, there always exist
an optimum u/B ratio at which the peak stress and
hence BCR reaches a maximum value.
The increase in peak strain with u/B ratio for coir
fiber reinforced sand indicates that the introduction
of randomly distributed fibers in soil increases the
ductility of soil. Thus a fiber form of reinforced
soil will have a significant improvement in
resisting cyclic or dynamic loads.
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
0 0.5 1 1.5
SRF
Normalized Stress
0.3 10X10
0.6 10X10
1.0 10X10
0.3 20X20
0.6 20X20
1.0 20X20
0.3 30X30
0.6 30X30
1.0 30X30
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
SRF
Normalised stress
0.3
0.6
1
2
6. M.T.Prathap kumar,R.Sridhar
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