The document discusses the Library of the National Congress of Chile's efforts to implement semantic web and linked open data technologies to improve access to and reuse of public information. Some key points include: - Making government data and actions more transparent to increase citizen confidence and experience. - Facing challenges of large, semi-structured datasets and small teams within large organizations with little semantic web knowledge. - Initial efforts exposed legislation metadata as linked open data to improve interoperability and allow complex queries. - Future work involves adding more datasets and legal norm metadata to improve access and third party development on the data.

1. Semantic web at the Library of the National
Congress of Chile
August, 15th 2012

2. Motivation
Government actions and data can be monitored
Improve transparency and confidence
Public value (generates citizen experience)
Research and collaboration
Data reuse
Public information belongs to citizens
Publicly funded
ROI

3. Considerations in public agencies
Large data volumes
Semi-structured content
General interest contents
Hihg expectations
Smal teams in large organizations
Little knowledge of semantic web

4. Open linked data architecture
Web Browser Semantic Application
Client side
Server side
Web Application Server
Output
Update RDF Ontologies
RDF Graph
Graph
Service
Endpoint SPARQL
Cifuentes-Silva, Sifaqui &
Labra Gayo: Towards an
Cache architecture and adoption
RDF Storage process for linked data
DB technologies in open
government contexts: a
case study for the Library
of Congress of Chile. I-
SEMANTICS 2011: 79-
Web Server Operating System 86,http://dl.acm.org/citati
on.cfm?id=2063529

5. Application domains
Legislation
Political history

6. Legislation
The legislation is public information ...
... and should be in public domain

7. Legislation
Leychile (2008)
Juridical certainty

8. LeyChile: access offer
WSDL (http://www.leychile.cl/ws/LeyChile.wsdl)

9. LeyChile: access offer
WSDL (http://www.leychile.cl/ws/LeyChile.wsdl)
Enlaces, widgets, web services (http://llevatelo.bcn.cl)

10. ¿LeyChile: LOD?
Natural extension
Improve interoperability (more formats)
To create domain ontologies
Offer a solution to complex queries using a SPARQL endpoint
First step: to expose metadata of the legal norms

11. Principles LOD: URIs
Decree 341; nov. 11, 2008; Ministry of Education
http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341
Original version
http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341/es@2008-11-07
Last version
http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341/es@2010-07-20

12. Principles LOD: RDF

13. Principles LOD: links
Relationships to other datasets: Countries (International
Treaties)
DBPedia, Geonames
Reusing Vocabulary / Ontologies
SKOS, DC, FOAF, DBPedia, ORG

14. Complex queries
Find all the ordinances issued by a municipality between 1995
and 2000, but modified after 2005
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX n: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-norms#>
PREFIX n: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-norms#>
SELECT distinct str(?normTitle) as ?Titulo str(?creatorName) as ?
SELECT distinct str(?normTitle) as ?Titulo str(?creatorName) as ?
Municipio ?pubDate as ?Fecha_Publicacion ?pubDateOther as ?
Municipio ?pubDate as ?Fecha_Publicacion ?pubDateOther as ?
Fecha_modificacion
Fecha_modificacion
WHERE {
WHERE {
?norm
?norm n:createdBy
n:createdBy ?creator .
?creator .
?creator
?creator n:hasName
n:hasName ?creatorName .
?creatorName .
?norm
?norm dc:title
dc:title ?normTitle .
?normTitle .
?norm
?norm n:publishDate ?pubDate .
n:publishDate ?pubDate .
?norm
?norm n:isModifiedBy ?otherNorm .
n:isModifiedBy ?otherNorm .
?otherNorm n:publishDate ?pubDateOther .
?otherNorm n:publishDate ?pubDateOther .
FILTER (regex(?creatorName,"MUNICIPALIDAD","i"))
FILTER (regex(?creatorName,"MUNICIPALIDAD","i"))
FILTER (?pubDate
FILTER (?pubDate > xsd:date("1995") &&
> xsd:date("1995") &&
?pubDate
?pubDate < xsd:date("2000") &&
< xsd:date("2000") &&
?pubDateOther > xsd:date("2005"))
?pubDateOther > xsd:date("2005"))
}
}
ORDER BY (?pubDate)
ORDER BY (?pubDate)

15. http://datos.bcn.cl
First step finished in may 2011
More than 300.000 norms exported
≈27 triples by norm
≈8 million triples
200 to 400 triples added each day

16. Political history
Biographical records

17. Political history
Biographical records

18. Political history
http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/persona/2371

19. Political history
Biographical records
we do not have all the years/places of birth or death
for example, Salvador de la Cavareda Trucios alternate deputy for
Valparaíso from 1824 to 1825 (brother of Salvador and José Joaquín)
But we know what we need:
PREFIX bcnbio: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-biographies#>
PREFIX bcnbio: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-biographies#>
select * where {
select * where {
?a a foaf:Person .
?a a foaf:Person .
OPTIONAL {?a bcnbio:hasBorn ?ano } .
OPTIONAL {?a bcnbio:hasBorn ?ano } .
FILTER (!bound(?ano)) .
FILTER (!bound(?ano)) .
}
}

20. Political history
Biographical records
Manuel Joaquín Díaz (deputy Constituent Congress 1891)
Manuel Joaquín Díaz Besoaín (deputy 1906-1908)
Is not the same person!
first is Liberal-Democrático and second is Conservador

21. Political history
Biographical records
Juan Esteban Manzano de la Sotta (deputy 1825-1826)
Esteban Ignacio Fernández del Manzano y de la Sotta
Is the same person!

22. Political history
Biographical records
Carlos Larraín Claro (deputy 1912- 1915)
Carlos Larraín Claro, father in law of Jorge Astaburuaga Lyon
(deputy 1924-1927)
Is the same person?

23. Actual and future work
More datasets at the endpoint: biographies, transparency,
geographical data, history of the law, legislative
documents…
Expose parts of a legal norm and their metadata

24. Actual development

25. David Robinson and Harlan Yu in “El desafío hacia el gobierno
abierto en la hora de la igualdad”, Gastón Concha y
Alejandra Naser (eds.), Santiago, CEPAL, 2012
“Open data does not create its own demand. The government
should compromise the developers”

26. Visualizations

27. Visualizations

28. Visualizations

29. Complex queries made easy

30. Third party development

31. Third party development
Source: Orand. S.A.

32. Findings
Open data, open linked data, semantic web is more than a
technology… it is a way of managing information
Visualization is not a final product, is a feedback process of
data “ablution” and improving the visualization
Creates value for ourselves 1
Many technical details and challenges remain unsolved 1
1.- David Robinson and
Harlan Yu in “El desafío
hacia el gobierno abierto
en la hora de la
igualdad”, Gastón
Concha y Alejandra
Naser (eds.), Santiago,
CEPAL, 2012

33. Semantic web at the Library of the National
Congress of Chile
August, 15th 2012