This document provides guidelines for writing a summary of data in a chart or graph. It includes sections for an introduction, general statement, body paragraphs, and conclusion. The introduction should name the chart/graph type and measurable quantities for the subjects and time period. The general statement outlines the main behavioral differences between the subjects. Each body paragraph provides values for one subject and time period. The conclusion states overall similarities or differences and trends in the data. Precise language is recommended to discuss values and changes over time.

1. Writing task 1
1. Do not write any personal comment.
2. Parts included are: introduction, general statement, body paragraph (more than 1), conclusion.
3. Only introduction is described in present tense.
4. Time can be mentioned in all parts.
5. Subjects don’t change, only measurable quantity changes!
Introduction
No value is inserted here; only introduce the topic of your graph.
Type of chart
Appropriate verb
Measurable quantity
Actual subject
Time limit
The
Column chart
Line chart
Pie chart
Shows
Presents
Represents
Depicts
Illustrates
Focuses
Compares
Delineates
The number of (people)
The amount of (money)
The quantity of (water)
The area of (land)
The percentage of
The rate of
The proportion of
General statement
In this part, write only main difference; i.e. find the main opposite behavior between the two subjects. Do not insert any value here too.
In general + measurable quantity with subject 1 + verb 1 with an appropriate adverb + contrasting linking word + measurable quantity with subject 2 + verb 2 (opposite of verb 1) with an appropriate adverb + time
* Contrasting linking word = while/ whereas/ though/ although
Body paragraph
According to the information on subject 1 + value description of subject 1
According to the data on subject 2 + value description of subject 2
Sentence structure
1. Subject-verb format:
Time expression + Subject + verb + adverb

2. Time expression
Subject
 From---to
 Between---and
 For/over/during + “(n+1)” period
 Since + period
 Jan-Mar: from Jan to March
 April-July: for the next three months
 Aug-Sep: between Aug and Sep
 Oct-Feb: Over the next four months
 March-July: During the next four months
 Aug-Dec: From Aug to Dec
 Sales of Mobiles
 Mobile Sales
 The sales
 It
Adverb:
1- slow, slight, tardy
2- moderate, steady, gradual
3- sharp, rapid, dramatic, steep
2. “There” format:
Time expression + there + be verb + noun phrase + in + subject
[Noun phrase = article + adjective + noun]
Conclusion
Write similarity or difference upon specific subject with details. “Conclusion statement” is a sentence describing overall behavior. Do not insert any value here too. Also, don’t insert any characteristics (adverb).
Overall behavior:
Data shows-
Words should be used-
increasing
Become/ became increasingly/more interested/ common/ popular/ preferred
decreasing
Become/ became less interested/ common/ popular/ preferred

3. Trends
1- upward trend with some fluctuations
2- fluctuation
3- downward trend with some fluctuations

4. Value installation:
1. Variation in preposition
2. Variation in approximation
Rules regarding prepositions:
1. From-to is used with a range of values.
2. Never use by/of in the 1st sentence of body paragraph.
3. By is used in subject-verb format and of is used in there-format.

5. 4. By/of are used before the difference of 2 values.
5. At is used with a single value; when mentioning start, peak, end, plateau, constant.
Approximation
Use these adverbs to express approximation: about, around, almost, approximately, roughly, nearly.
Opposite signpost
But, yet, by contrary, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless, however, conversely, oppositely