This document discusses Waste to Electrical Energy (WTEE) technology for generating power from municipal solid waste. It describes the processes involved in producing Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) including sorting, size reduction, drying, and separation. RDF has characteristics making it a viable fuel for combustion such as low moisture content, consistent quality, and no sulfur emissions. WTEE is presented as a socioeconomic solution that can address waste disposal problems and power demands while being less polluting than other fuels. The use of this technology in India is growing, with the first plant opening in 2003, and it is posed to help meet future energy needs through use of agricultural and urban solid waste.

1. WASTE TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY (WTEE) TECHNOLOGY
(GENERATING WEALTH FROM GARBAGE)
Presenting by
Y. Ganesh ch. Ganeswar kumar
MAIL : yamavarapuganesh@gmail.com MAIL : ganeshkumar.225@gmail.com
4th
EEE 4th
EEE
Electrical and Electronics Engineering dept

2. KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INST OF TECHNOLOGY
CHOWDAVARAM, GUNTUR – 522019
CONTENTS:-
1. ABSTRACT
2. RESOURCE RECOVERY
3. PROCESSED SOLID WASTE COMBUSTION
a. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - PROCESSES
b. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - PREPARATION
c. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - CLASSIFICATION
d. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - CHARACTERSTICS
e. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - HIGHLIGHTS
4. WTEE – SOCIO ECONOMIC PROJECT
5. DEVELOPMENT & FUTURE OF WTEE
6. CONCLUSION
ABSTRACT:
What happened on May, 2004 in Mumbai ?
Due to failure of local grid. The business capital of
India jammed for hours. Being largest railway
network city, even the locals also stick to tracks. This
incident shows the human connection with
electricity. Electrical energy is an essential ingredient
for all activities, as well as the lifeblood of
economies throughout the world. It plays a vital role
for economic growth and quality life improvements:
with the increase in population of the world. The
demand for power has gradually increased. Hence
the burden on the countries, especially developing
countries like India have increased to meet the
demands in the present day. Most of the demands
are met by conventional sources such as fossil fuels,
hydal, nuclear power etc.
The use of these sources have not only resulted in
their depletion. But also increased the population.
Hence there is a great need for improving
technology in the use of non-conventional sources of
energy which could greatly decrease the
environmental needs and which would assure the
future needs particles to rural people at affordable
rates.

3. This paper presents an overview of waste to
electrical energy technology The basic concept and
different features of WTEE is described. It includes
the various processes to produce Refused Desire
Fuel (RDF), its characteristics and classifications. This
shows the solution to disposal of municipal and
agricultural solid waste which is an increasing
problem today and the developments and goals are
described.
RESOURCE RECOVERY….
For the foreseeable future, the disposal of municipal
and agriculture solid waste will continue to be an
increasing problem. This waste is either composed,
land filled, recycled or converted to some form of
energy but we have another option called as
Resource Recovery. Recovering the energy from
municipal and agricultural solid waste. And using this
energy for power production by Incineration and
Biomethanisation. Under this resource recovery we
have three options for power production.
1. Unprocessed Solid Waste Combustion.
2. Processed Solid Waste Combustion.
3. Solid waste to liquidgas convert ion
1. UNPROCESSED SOLID WASTE
COMBUTION…………
The mass burn technologies use municipal solid
waste (MSW). The MSW under goes only limited
processing to remove non combustible and over
sized items. Mass burn technologies include water
wall furnace, rotary kiln furnace, refractory furnace
water cooled rotary combustion furnace and
controlled air furnace.
2. PROCESSED SOLID WASTE
COMBUSTION
Under this process Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) is
used. The solid waste are subjects to various
process to improve their physical & chemical
properties. These processes include drying,
comminution, densification, physical separation and
chemical modification.
3. SOLID WASTE LIQUID / GAS
CONVERTION TECHNOLOGY
These technologies convert solid waste into either
liquid or gas fuels. This fuel can then be burned in a
conventional manner.
PROCESSED SOLID WASTE COMBUSTION :
The WTEE technology identified in this subsection
are refused derived fuel which has been processed
from MSW. Due to having improved combustion
characteristics and emmition characteristics and
easy preparation. We prefer this processed solid
waste combustion.
Refused Derived Fuel-Processes
Five major processes are available to improve
the physical and chemical properties of
agricultural and other solid waste.
DRYING…..
Removal of physically based water either thermally&
mechanically in Centrifuges and process.
COMMINUTION……….
 Reducing of particle size by shredding,
cutting, grinding &pulverization.
DENSIFICATION……..
 Increasing of bulk density of waste through
palletizing, cutting Briquetting, extrusion ,as
rolling compressing.
PHYSICAL SEPARATION-------------
 Removal of unwanted components from
solid waste.

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION----------
 Changing of waste’s chemical structure.

RDF-PRODUCTION PROCESS
 The Process :
 The conversion process of garbage into fuel
fluff / pellets involves the following
processes :
 Pre-sizing
 Drying
 Screening / Sieving
 Separation of Combustibles
 Size Reduction and production of Fuel Fluff
 Densification (with Binder and Additives)
LAY OUT

4. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL-PREPARATION
Following are the unit operations of the process of
refinement of MSW. These are Material handling,
size reduction, Drying, Cyclone separation.
STEP I
The picked MSW is then allowed into the premises of
the plant over a sorting conveyor to allow manual
separation of unwanted material like stones, rubber
glass etc and also a magnetic separator for
elimination of Iron objects.
STEP II
The manually sorted out MSW is then passed to a
homonegeniser for segregating the MSW over a
screen, which will pass material to the Primary
crusher.
STEP III
The screened MSW is fed to an impact or for
disintegration of the MSW in to small pieces .There
is no limit on the input size. The moisture will be
high. It may contain some sand and silt, which may
have some abrasion affect and corrosion affect.
STEP IV
A conveyor to the rotary then transports the
discharge of Impact or to dryer for moisture
removal.
STEP V
The rotary dryer comprises of rotary dryer, feeding,
hot air circulation in co current fashion with a
cyclone separator and blower and chimney for
removal of fines.
STEP VI
The discharge of Rotary dryer will be dried MSW.
This is fed to a screen to remove fines of less than 5-
mm size, which is primarily sand. This can be used as
manure. Over 5 mm will be fed to the air
classification system..
STEP VII
The discharge from the secondary screen will be fed
to AIR DENSITY SEPERATOR (ADS) system in which
the material is fed through a rotary air lock. The
discharge from the rotary lock is subjected to airflow
in a zig -Zag construction, which is controllable, by
dampeners. Hot air from Hot air generator is also
introduced here in addition to the rotary drier for
achieving higher dryness.
In this system the light combustible system (organic
and combustibles) is segregated and the heavier
material (inert) falls by gravity.
The key factor for the separation is dryness of the
feed. Highly wet input material will not separate and
loss of combustible fraction may occur. The rejects
at the ADS will be non-combustible fraction. This
fraction is conveyed and manual sorting is resorted
to pick up heavier fraction of combustibles like
woody biomass, coconut shell, etc to return the
same to feed.
STEP VIII
The discharge from ADS (Combustible fraction) is
further subjected to a secondary shredding for finer
disintegration of the refined, combustible fraction of
the Processed MSW. The unit also comprises a
cyclone separator and a bag filter unit and a suction
blower in closed circuit.
STEP IX
The discharge of the Secondary Crusher cyclone is
palletized through a pellet mill
POWER PRODUCTION :
The specific processed fuel (RDF) which produced
from above process is used to fire in specially design
furnaces like Traveling grate furnace, Spreader
stoker fired boiler, and Suspension fired boiler and
Fluidized bed combustor for production of steam.
This steam can be used to run Turbine which is
mechanically coupled with Generator which
produces Electrical power.
LAY OUT OF WTEE PLANT
RDF-CLASSIFICATION
The American society for testing and materials
(ASTM) has developed seven category define of RDF
Based on level of processing applied to the MSW five
major process are available to improve the physical
and chemical properties of agricultural and other
solid waste.

5. The category of RDF is
ASTM
CLASSIFICA
TON
FORM DESCRIPTION
RDF-1 Raw MSW used as fuel in as discarded
farm with minimum processing
and used in mass bass unit
RDF-2 Coars
e
MSW processed to coarse
particle size with or without
ferrous metal Separation.
Typically burned in a Spreader
stoker-fired boiler. Higher
Heating value of 4,500---5,000
Btu/lb.
RDF-3 Fluff MSW processed to a particle size
that
95% by weight will pass through
a 2-in
square mesh screen and from
which
metals and other inorganic
materials
has been removed. May be
burned in
spreader stoker fired boiler
suspension
fired boilers equipped with dump
gates
heating value 6000Btu/lb.
RDF-4 Powd
er
MSW processed in to power
farm. And Metals & inorganic
metals removed. Burned in
suspension. Fired boilers using
pulverized coal type burners.
Higher heating ratio are 6500—
7500Btu/lb.
RDF-5 Densif
ied
MSW that has been processed
and
Densified into the farm of
pellets, Slugs cubbettes or
briquettes. may be burned in
the Spread stoker fixed boilers
RDF-6 Liquid MSW processed into liquid fuel.
RDF-7 Gas MSW processed into gasses fuel.
RDF - Characterstics :
Refused derived fuel has better emission and
burning characteristics and it is a low cost substitute
for other fossil fuels like coal, gas. High sulphur
content of oil and coal when burnt pollute the
environment. There is no sulphur in RDF. RDF have a
consistent quality have high burning efficiency. Are
ideally sized for complete combustion. Combustion
is more uniforms compared to coal and boiler
response to changer in stream requirements is faster
to higher quality of volatile material.
RDF Characteristics
Ash Content - 2-10%
Moisture Content - 8%
Volatile Material - 75-80%
Sulphur Content - Nil
Calorific Value - 3,500 4,000
K.cal/Kg
Efficiency of Boiler :
Using Coal - 48%
Using RDF - 53%
RDF - HIGHLIGHTS :
Comparing to coal and other fossil fuels. RDF has
several activities and consistent characteristics over
other fuels.
RDF - CHEAP FUEL :
RDF is a low cost substitute for coal and other fossil
fuels. It is cheaper than coal, lignite, peat. It won’t
cost that much as coal. It takes only transportation
and processing cost, which is, has less comparing to
other fuels.
RDF ECOFRIENDLY FUEL :
RDF has better emission characteristics than coal. In
the process due to reduction of sand and reduced
moisture content it has improved calorific value. It
won’t emit any harmful gases, which cure global
warming like CO2, CO and methane (C2H4).
Due to less carbon content this avoids methane gas,
which is produced due to decomposition of waste.
RDF – ALLROUNDER :
RDF is not only used for power generators. It can be
also used for burning in process plants like Paper

6. Mills, Alluminium Industries and other steam
production purpose. This is most economical to use
instead of other furnace feedings.
WTEE –SOCIO ECONOMIC PROJECT :
Waste to electrical energy is the best alternative
comparing to other conventional and non-
conventional sources. This is mass reliable and cheap
source. WTEE won’t give any harmful pollutents and
it decreases the problem of waste disposal and
decomposition of waste. This WTEE system can aid
in saving a lot of urban land, which is wasted. And
this is the system among the other non–
conventional sources, which is more reliable.
This WTEE is the only solution to meet our future
needs. According to Central Pollutions Control
Board (CPCB) the per capita generation of MSW per
head is 350 gms. From this statistics being second
largest population country our India won’t get any
power scarcity if we use this WTEE technology.
DEVELOPMENTS & FUTURE OF WTEE :
This WTEE technology is in practice since 1942 in US
and Germany. In India it comes in to the picture in
2003. The first power plant using waste to electrical
energy technology (WTEE) is commissioned on Dec,
20th
2003 of capacity 6MW named as SELCO at
Elicatta village in Shadnagar of Mahaboobnagar
District. This plant using 700 tons of MSW of 2200
tons generated every day in twin cities of
Hyderabad. Another plant named as Shriram
Energy Systems Ltd., also producing 6 MW of power
at Vijayawada using RDF as fuel processed from
MSW generated in Vijayawada & Guntur cities.
The technology development board and technology
information forecasting and assessment council
(TIFAC) are trying to assist industries on this
technology. The above cited SELCO is going to
establish another 20 MW power plant in Hyderabad
city. And Shriram Energy got permission to install
Another plant in vizag. This processed to our state
that the WTEE plants are only in AP .
CONCLUSION :
With the above discussion we conclude that this
WTEE technology is the better solution. Being
second largest population country the demand has
drastically increased. And most of our Indian villages
still unelectrified. According to CPCB studies in India
70% of cities won’t have sufficient facilities for
transportation of MSW. By using this WTEE we can
avoid the MSW disposal problem and we can save a
lot of money which is going to be wasted for
transporting to outer yards of cities and a lot of
urban land which is wasted under dump yards.
Not only in cities, this WTEE technology is also
suitable for rural villages where Agricultural and
solid waste is abundant.
By preserving the Agricultural waste according to
seasonal crops, we can light so many villages which
are not aware of electricity.
Thanking You,
CH.GANESWAR KUMAR(4th
EEE)
Y.GANESH(4th
EEE)

7. Mills, Alluminium Industries and other steam
production purpose. This is most economical to use
instead of other furnace feedings.
WTEE –SOCIO ECONOMIC PROJECT :
Waste to electrical energy is the best alternative
comparing to other conventional and non-
conventional sources. This is mass reliable and cheap
source. WTEE won’t give any harmful pollutents and
it decreases the problem of waste disposal and
decomposition of waste. This WTEE system can aid
in saving a lot of urban land, which is wasted. And
this is the system among the other non–
conventional sources, which is more reliable.
This WTEE is the only solution to meet our future
needs. According to Central Pollutions Control
Board (CPCB) the per capita generation of MSW per
head is 350 gms. From this statistics being second
largest population country our India won’t get any
power scarcity if we use this WTEE technology.
DEVELOPMENTS & FUTURE OF WTEE :
This WTEE technology is in practice since 1942 in US
and Germany. In India it comes in to the picture in
2003. The first power plant using waste to electrical
energy technology (WTEE) is commissioned on Dec,
20th
2003 of capacity 6MW named as SELCO at
Elicatta village in Shadnagar of Mahaboobnagar
District. This plant using 700 tons of MSW of 2200
tons generated every day in twin cities of
Hyderabad. Another plant named as Shriram
Energy Systems Ltd., also producing 6 MW of power
at Vijayawada using RDF as fuel processed from
MSW generated in Vijayawada & Guntur cities.
The technology development board and technology
information forecasting and assessment council
(TIFAC) are trying to assist industries on this
technology. The above cited SELCO is going to
establish another 20 MW power plant in Hyderabad
city. And Shriram Energy got permission to install
Another plant in vizag. This processed to our state
that the WTEE plants are only in AP .
CONCLUSION :
With the above discussion we conclude that this
WTEE technology is the better solution. Being
second largest population country the demand has
drastically increased. And most of our Indian villages
still unelectrified. According to CPCB studies in India
70% of cities won’t have sufficient facilities for
transportation of MSW. By using this WTEE we can
avoid the MSW disposal problem and we can save a
lot of money which is going to be wasted for
transporting to outer yards of cities and a lot of
urban land which is wasted under dump yards.
Not only in cities, this WTEE technology is also
suitable for rural villages where Agricultural and
solid waste is abundant.
By preserving the Agricultural waste according to
seasonal crops, we can light so many villages which
are not aware of electricity.
Thanking You,
CH.GANESWAR KUMAR(4th
EEE)
Y.GANESH(4th
EEE)