IDEOLOGY
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Ideology refers to the unconscious set of ideas, values and beliefs that a group or society holds to be true and that shape their view of the world. Dominant ideologies within a society, such as capitalism, patriotism, and male superiority, may be considered common sense views. Levi Strauss theorized that all narratives are based on binary oppositions that can reveal dominant ideologies, such as representations of gender, class, race, and ability. Richard Dyer argues that cultural representations reinforce and uphold inequalities in real life. The film Footsteps and Tyre Tracks counters some typical dominant ideologies through its strong female protagonist who independently searches for her identity after memory loss.
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The document defines key terms related to ethnicity and representation of ethnic groups in media, including:
- Ethnicity refers to a social group with shared cultural traditions.
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1. Laura Mulvey's Male Gaze theory suggests that female characters are displayed for the visual pleasure of male characters and audiences and are portrayed as passive objects of the male gaze.
2. Jean Baudrillard's theory of hyperreality argues that representations no longer refer to reality and images have replaced it, becoming hyperreal constructions that bear no relationship to the real world.
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1. Identify the main theoretical approaches used in Sociology and Criminology;
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4. Connect these theoretical approaches to subsequent courses in the program.
Evaluation question 2
The social groups represented in the media product are outgoing teenagers who enjoy action thrillers. The only gender portrayed is males, who are shown as quite crazy and sometimes dangerous. The main character, a black teenage boy, has been portrayed in a negative way through stereotypical actions like carrying a knife, presenting the group of black teenage boys as quite aggressive, crazy and dangerous overall based on the main character's behaviors.
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Louise collective identity of youth
The document discusses how the identity of youth has been mediated in media representations. It argues that youth are often portrayed in a negative light that reinforces anxieties among adults. Historical representations from ancient texts to films often depicted youth as reckless, disrespectful, and engaging in criminal behavior. More recent newspaper articles also disproportionately report on negative actions of youth groups. The document concludes that while social media may give youth more voice, negative associations of youth in media will likely remain.
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This document discusses representations of gender and stereotypes. It notes that masculinity is often represented through stereotypes of strength, power, attractiveness, physique and independence, while femininity is represented through beauty, physique, sexuality, emotionality and relationships. Men are often lone heroes while women take helper roles and are more frequently victims. It encourages analyzing how media portrayals reflect and shape societal gender norms and stereotypes, and whether countertypes may challenge stereotypes. Students are assigned a homework task analyzing celebrity or character stereotypes and countertypes.
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This document provides guidance on how to structure an essay answering an exam question about critical media perspectives. It recommends referring to at least two types of media, making a clear and relevant argument supported by theory and examples. Specific films and newspapers are mentioned as examples to analyze how media representations of youth often reflect the anxieties of middle-class adults and reinforce the dominant ideology. The suggested essay structure includes an introduction, historical analysis, analysis of different media forms, and a conclusion that summarizes the argument.
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This is the theory revision I created for my A2 Media group a couple of years ago. There is some general narrative theory, Media theory Laura Mulvey etc and Racial Representation theory, Stuart Hall, Paul Gilroy, bell hooks etc. This was based on Media and Collective Identity focusing on the representation of black culture in British Film and American Music Videos.
Theorytheorists 130909144713-
This document provides an overview of various media theories that can be applied to analyzing representations in media. It discusses theorists such as Laura Mulvey, John Berger, Bell Hooks, Stuart Hall, Tricia Rose, Paul Gilroy, Michael Eric Dyson, Kobena Mercer, Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault, and concepts like narrative theory, audience reception theory, and moral panic. Revision tips are provided, emphasizing applying these theories to coursework and case studies through references to different media like films, music videos, and magazines. Key ideas from different theorists are summarized, such as Hall's notions of "slave figure," "the native," and "the clown/entertainer" characterizations of
Media Theorists
A summary of relevant theory that will support Textual Analysis of Representation in TV Drama. OCR AS Media Studies.
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Representation refers to how aspects of reality are constructed in media. Representation theorists Stuart Hall, David Chandler, and Laura Mulvey explored how social groups are portrayed and how audiences interpret media texts. Hall discussed dominant codes and preferred readings, while Chandler's "gaze theory" examined how audiences view media portrayals. Mulvey's "male gaze" argued that films are made from a male viewpoint, portraying women as objects of desire. These theories are relevant to analyzing the horror genre, where males often fill antagonist roles, audiences can interpret symbols differently, and females are commonly depicted as needing protection.
Representation2
The document discusses several key media theorists and concepts related to representation, gender, and identity. It summarizes Laura Mulvey's concept of the "male gaze" and how women are displayed for male pleasure. It also discusses Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity and Angela McRobbie's ideas about constructions of femininity in magazines. The document provides examples of how these theories could be applied when analyzing music videos or other media texts.
Lesson 9 - Ethnicity
This document discusses representation of ethnicity in media through various theories and concepts. It begins by explaining the effects model and hypodermic needle theory, which view audiences as passive receivers of media messages. It then provides examples of dominant, subordinate, and hegemonic groups. The rest of the document discusses common stereotypes of different ethnic groups in media and why challenging stereotypes is important. It also notes more positive representations are possible and outlines Alvarado's four themes of dangerous, humorous, pitied, and exotic representations.
DB adapted representation theories
This document discusses various representation theories and theorists that are relevant to analyzing media representations, including works by Dyer, Gramsci, Levi-Strauss, Mulvey, Berger, Butler, and Baudrillard. It also prompts the reader to consider how these concepts can be applied to analyze examples of representations in images and how representations in one's own media work reflect social and cultural values and choices.
Representation and Ideology in Film
This document discusses ideology and its representation in film. It defines ideology as a set of dominant beliefs in society like capitalism, patriotism, and religion. Karl Marx believed the bourgeoisie class manipulated ideology to benefit their wealth and control the lower classes. Antonio Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony also suggested the ruling class manipulates society's value systems. In film, ideology can be seen in the representation of different social groups. Working class characters are often shown as unemployed, alcoholic, or foolish while upper class characters appear happy and well-behaved. Superhero films promote individualism and patriotism. The document proposes a film called "After Hours" that represents ideology as unattainable by showing a character who
Identitywrap
The document discusses several aspects of identity including national identity, gender identity, and how identities are socially constructed. It addresses some common characterizations of Australian national identity such as being independent, displaying mateship, and being irreverent. However, it questions whether any accurate national identity exists and explores how identities are shaped by shared celebrations, values, rituals, and landscapes. The document also discusses how gender is socially constructed rather than biological and how dominant gender roles can lead to exclusion of those who don't conform.
Romeo And Juliet Theme Essay
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Representation power
Representations are images, sounds or combinations that stand in for reality. Early forms of representation date back 32,000 years, showing an intrinsic human urge. Representations can be stereotypical or counter stereotypical, conforming to or challenging dominant ideologies. Theories suggest representations are how societies understand themselves and construct shared realities and identities, though some argue they are manipulated by those in power to maintain the status quo.
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IDEOLOGY
- 1. IDEOLOGY
- 2. Ideology is often referred to as an unconscious set of ideas, values and beliefs that a group, society or an individual hold to be true or important, and provide a particular view of the world
- 3. The values and beliefs perpetuated by the majority within a society may be described as dominant ideologies. Dominant ideologies may be hidden in term of the ‘common sense’ view or ‘naturalised’ (Marx). Dominant ideologies: • Capitalism - The production of capital and consumption of surplus value as a life goal. • Patriotism – To love, support and protect one’s country and its people. • Marriage and family – The ‘right way’ to live is to marry an opposite-sex partner and have children. • Male superiority – Men are more suited to positions of power, and more suited to decision making at work and at home.
- 4. Levi Strauss theorised that all narratives are based on conflict based on binary oppositions. This can also be a way to identify dominant ideologies in texts • Black • Female • Disabled • Poor • Working class • Muslim/Sheikh/Hindu/Jewish He also looked deeper into the way that narratives were arranged in terms of themes within that were ultimately always systematic oppositions. Dominant ideology in Romantic comedies: The male protagonist in ‘The Fault In Our Stars’ only has one leg. He does not have it on show throughout the film but we see it when ‘Gus’ pulls up his trousers to show it to ‘Hazel’. (Disabled ideology) ‘Me and Earl and the dying girl’. The male protagonist’s best friend is a black male and his family is a stereotypical lower class black family who are fairly poor and look like criminals. (Black/poor ideologies)
- 5. Richard Dyer (1993) argues that representation is a political tool. “How social groups are treated in cultural representation is part and parcel of how they are treated in life, that poverty, harassment, self hate and discrimination (in housing, jobs, educational opportunity and so on) are shored up and instituted by representation”. Footsteps and Tyre Tracks – • One of our protagonists, Emily, is a typical girl next door who is in love with Lucas, typical boy next door, but due to Emily’s accident, she has forgotten everything about her friends, and goes on an emotional journey to find herself. In a way, our film has gone against the typical dominant ideologies as Emily is a intelligent and strong minded female who goes on the journey to find herself and doesn’t hold back, compared to some female characters in other romantic comedies who are portrayed as not having a lot to say, and the males just overpower them completely.