Professor Kwame Ninsin on Ghana's ConstitutionAmos Anyimadu
The document discusses reforms to Ghana's electoral system, including moving from a "winner-takes-all" system to a mixed-member proportional representation system. This would make parliament more representative and minimize inter-party conflicts. It also proposes reforms to the presidential election process, separating presidential and parliamentary elections, and rebalancing power between the executive and legislative branches.
This document summarizes recommendations for reforming Malawi's legal framework for elections based on a presentation given by Dr. Fidelis Edge Kanyongolo. It outlines Malawi's hierarchy of laws and courts. It examines qualifications for voters, candidates, and election administration. It analyzes laws around voter registration, campaigning, polling, counting, and dispute resolution. Key recommendations include harmonizing citizenship qualifications, increasing voter registration and verification periods, extending the campaign period and polling hours, prohibiting early results announcements, and extending the deadline for announcing final results. The framework is fundamentally sound but some amendments would improve election credibility.
The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) is the constitutional commission responsible for enforcing election laws and regulations in the Philippines. It has several functions including judicial, ministerial, reportorial, and recommendatory functions related to conducting elections, plebiscites, and recalls. Some issues COMELEC has faced include controversies surrounding the ZTE broadband contract and "Hello Garci" wiretapped conversations allegedly involving vote rigging.
This document proposes several electoral reforms to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in politics:
1. It suggests implementing measures like disqualifying candidates accused of crimes, debarring political parties whose candidates are convicted, and fast-tracking trials for convicted candidates.
2. It recommends democratizing political parties through internal elections monitored by the Election Commission to promote equal opportunity.
3. It proposes establishing an impartial environment during elections by relaxing the incumbent government's power and appointing an interim legislative authority.
4. It also outlines proposals for state funding of election campaigns, empowering the Election Commission, and improving its outreach.
The party-list system is a mechanism of proportional representation that allows marginalized sectors to gain representation in the House of Representatives. Only registered national, regional, sectoral parties or organizations may participate. Twenty percent of House seats are reserved for party-list representatives. Voters cast one vote for a district representative and one vote for their preferred party-list, with the number of seats each party receives based on its proportion of the nationwide party-list vote. Party-list representatives have equal status and rights as district representatives in the House.
Registration and accreditation of political partiesIAGorgph
Presented by Comelec to visiting senior leaders of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front attending the political party building training organized by the Institute for Autonomy & Governance and the Konrad Adnauer Stiftung. Manila | March 28, 2014
This document provides an overview of the election process and legal solutions to election disputes in the Philippines. It discusses the following:
1) The branches of government and elective positions in the country.
2) The different levels of political subdivisions (regions, provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays) and their elective positions.
3) The process of casting and counting votes at precincts and canvassing results through different boards up to the national level.
4) The legal process for resolving election disputes, which involves filing election protests with the appropriate electoral tribunal.
Commission rules on objections to candidates 9 april 2019SABC News
The Commission has adjudicated objections against candidates
nominated to stand for the 2019 National and Provincial Elections, upholding one
and overturning all others.
Professor Kwame Ninsin on Ghana's ConstitutionAmos Anyimadu
The document discusses reforms to Ghana's electoral system, including moving from a "winner-takes-all" system to a mixed-member proportional representation system. This would make parliament more representative and minimize inter-party conflicts. It also proposes reforms to the presidential election process, separating presidential and parliamentary elections, and rebalancing power between the executive and legislative branches.
This document summarizes recommendations for reforming Malawi's legal framework for elections based on a presentation given by Dr. Fidelis Edge Kanyongolo. It outlines Malawi's hierarchy of laws and courts. It examines qualifications for voters, candidates, and election administration. It analyzes laws around voter registration, campaigning, polling, counting, and dispute resolution. Key recommendations include harmonizing citizenship qualifications, increasing voter registration and verification periods, extending the campaign period and polling hours, prohibiting early results announcements, and extending the deadline for announcing final results. The framework is fundamentally sound but some amendments would improve election credibility.
The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) is the constitutional commission responsible for enforcing election laws and regulations in the Philippines. It has several functions including judicial, ministerial, reportorial, and recommendatory functions related to conducting elections, plebiscites, and recalls. Some issues COMELEC has faced include controversies surrounding the ZTE broadband contract and "Hello Garci" wiretapped conversations allegedly involving vote rigging.
This document proposes several electoral reforms to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in politics:
1. It suggests implementing measures like disqualifying candidates accused of crimes, debarring political parties whose candidates are convicted, and fast-tracking trials for convicted candidates.
2. It recommends democratizing political parties through internal elections monitored by the Election Commission to promote equal opportunity.
3. It proposes establishing an impartial environment during elections by relaxing the incumbent government's power and appointing an interim legislative authority.
4. It also outlines proposals for state funding of election campaigns, empowering the Election Commission, and improving its outreach.
The party-list system is a mechanism of proportional representation that allows marginalized sectors to gain representation in the House of Representatives. Only registered national, regional, sectoral parties or organizations may participate. Twenty percent of House seats are reserved for party-list representatives. Voters cast one vote for a district representative and one vote for their preferred party-list, with the number of seats each party receives based on its proportion of the nationwide party-list vote. Party-list representatives have equal status and rights as district representatives in the House.
Registration and accreditation of political partiesIAGorgph
Presented by Comelec to visiting senior leaders of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front attending the political party building training organized by the Institute for Autonomy & Governance and the Konrad Adnauer Stiftung. Manila | March 28, 2014
This document provides an overview of the election process and legal solutions to election disputes in the Philippines. It discusses the following:
1) The branches of government and elective positions in the country.
2) The different levels of political subdivisions (regions, provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays) and their elective positions.
3) The process of casting and counting votes at precincts and canvassing results through different boards up to the national level.
4) The legal process for resolving election disputes, which involves filing election protests with the appropriate electoral tribunal.
Commission rules on objections to candidates 9 april 2019SABC News
The Commission has adjudicated objections against candidates
nominated to stand for the 2019 National and Provincial Elections, upholding one
and overturning all others.
This document outlines the PEMRA Ordinance of 2002 which established the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). The ordinance aims to improve media standards and expand choice for citizens. It gives PEMRA the power to regulate electronic media including broadcast, cable, and distribution services in Pakistan. The ordinance establishes PEMRA as the governing body, outlines its functions and powers, and details the composition of its members including provisions for appointment and tenure.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: PHILIPPINE PARTY LIST SYSTEMjundumaug1
The document summarizes key aspects of the party-list system for electing representatives to the House of Representatives in the Philippines. It describes how the system aims to provide representation for marginalized groups. Registered national, regional, or sectoral parties and organizations can participate by fielding nominees who must meet certain qualifications. The number of seats allocated is 20% of the total House seats. Voters cast two votes, one for a district representative and one for a party-list. Seats are allocated based on the percentage of the nationwide vote each party receives. Party-list representatives have the same rights and terms as district representatives.
This bill proposes allowing online voter registration through the internet in addition to mail registration. It finds that many voter registration records contain errors due to outdated paper-based systems. The bill would require all 50 states to provide both mail and internet voter registration by January 2016. Online registration would include submitting name, address, birthdate, ID number, party affiliation, and electronic signature. States would be responsible for creating secure online registration systems and inputting paper registrations into the online database. Non-compliant states could face fines up to $1 million.
The document provides an analysis of proposed amendments to Kenya's election laws contained in the Election Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2017 and the Election Offences (Amendment) Bill, 2017. Key proposed changes and comments include:
1) Expanding the definition of "Chairperson" of the electoral commission to allow anyone, not just a member, to act as chair in the absence of the chair and vice-chair.
2) Requiring the chair of the electoral commission to have 15 years of experience in relevant fields like governance instead of being qualified to be a Supreme Court judge.
3) Lowering the quorum for electoral commission meetings from 5 to 3 members, allowing a minority of members to make
The Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance establishes a council to implement an ethical code of practice for newspapers and journalists. The council, composed of 19 members including journalists, editors, and media experts, oversees complaints and ensures press freedom and standards. It can form inquiry commissions to investigate ethical violations and recommend actions like publishing apologies or suspending publications. The council aims to balance press freedom with professional responsibility.
The document discusses electoral reforms in Pakistan. It provides background on elections in Pakistan and outlines several recommendations to improve the electoral process, including establishing clear timelines for nomination procedures, ensuring impartial returning officers and election commission members, allowing overseas voting, using electronic voting machines cautiously, stopping discriminatory voter lists, providing a "none of the above" option, limiting candidates to one constituency, and strengthening monitoring of election expenses and results.
The document summarizes the four options for First Nations to hold elections in Canada: self-government agreements, the Indian Act, the First Nations Elections Act, and custom election codes. It then provides details on each option, including differences between them, benefits and criticisms. Key aspects of the Indian Act and First Nations Elections Act processes and requirements are outlined.
PLEASE NOTE THAT THE REGS TO THE LEGISLATION HAVE BEEN RELEASED SINCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PPP AND THE PPP IS OUT OF DATE. READERS SHOULD REFER TO THE LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS.
First Nations governments are formed by a chief and councillors who are responsible for making decisions on behalf of the First Nation and its members. A new option for conducting elections, The First Nations Election Act became law on April 2, 2015. As a result, First Nations are now able to hold elections in four different ways.
1. By following the Indian Act and the Indian Band Election Regulations;
2. Under the new First Nations Elections Act and the First Nations Elections Regulations;
3. Under a Custom Election Code as developed by the community in accordance with the traditional laws and customs of that particular Nation; or
4. Pursuant to a community's constitution contained in a self-government agreement.
In the fall of 2015, The Confederacy of Mainland Mi’kmaq, conduced public information sessions in five First Nations Communities and with the First Nations Lawyers and Law Students. Please click on the link below for the power point presentation and handouts from the education sessions. Please note that the information contained in links are for educational and information sharing purposes and is not intended to constitute legal advice and should not be relied upon in that respect.
Election Expenditure Regulation in IndiaNirmal Mathew
This document summarizes the problem of illegal election expenditures in Indian politics. It notes that candidates with large amounts of unaccounted cash stand a better chance of winning elections. While there are regulations and a monitoring system in place, illegal money from corporations, bureaucrats, criminals, and other sources still flows into elections. The system is ineffective at tackling this inflow of unaccounted money. Reforms are suggested, such as increasing transparency in political party financing, strengthening tax laws, and establishing an independent election expenditure monitoring body.
Salient Points of The Draft Charter by Atty. Rodolfo "RV" Vicerra. Presentation for HSF-PPI Seminar on Understanding Federalism for Media Practitioners
The Bangladesh Election Commission is established by the constitution to oversee elections. It consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and up to four other Commissioners appointed by the President. To be eligible to vote, one must be a Bangladeshi citizen over 18, of sound mind, a resident of the constituency, and not convicted of certain offenses.
The Commission's powers and functions include conducting free and fair elections, implementing the electoral code of conduct, preparing voter rolls, delimiting constituencies, resolving disputes, overseeing candidate and party finances, registering parties, and limiting campaign spending. However, it faces challenges like ensuring a level playing field for all parties and gaining the trust of major political parties.
Pakistan has been facing numerous key public sector challenges such as transformation of traditional public administration to new public management system leading towards public value management model in Pakistan electoral system. This is similar to what we have in other developed countries like UK, Canada and Australia.
Almost after 70 years of its independence, government yet failed to conduct a single fair election through unanimously accepted voting process by public and private organizations.
In fact, most of the times; final results of elections were challenged by losing parties based on the number of complaints of election rigging and bogus old fashioned voting system.
This situation was become more worsen during the last election held in 2013, when all parties blamed for ballot theft and voters were in streets for their protests against failure of this system.
Unlike Australia, Pakistani election is based on First-past-the-post voting method instead of Preferential Voting.
Further, separation of power is also similar to UK, Australia like separate legislatures, executive and judiciary. Under the constitutional frame of work, elections are to be held after each 5 years which in fact happened earlier before completing the tenure of government.
Some of the details are given here, important is to look into the comparison of %age voting between ruling party and the opposition parties.
On recent Pakistani election, observations of international organizations were important for the institutional improvement and revealing hindrances of public participation.
EU 2013 Pakistan Election Observation Mission (report)fatanews
ISLAMABAD: The European Union’s Election Observer Mission, in its final report, has said the May 11 polls were much more free and fair than previous elections in the country. It cautioned, however, that not implementing certain legal provisions has left future elections vulnerable to malpractice.
Released at a news conference on Wednesday, the findings of the EU observer mission concluded that despite escalating militant attacks and procedural shortcomings, the May 11 electoral process progressed with a high level of competition, a marked increase in voter participation and overall acceptance of the outcome.
Speaking to reporters, Chief Observer Michael Gahler, however, noted that fundamental problems remain with the legal framework and the implementation of certain provisions.
“Now is the time for the new Parliament, the Election Commission and other stakeholders to demonstrate their commitment to a democratic Pakistan. Legislation can be further developed and every by-election as well as local election is an opportunity for implementing improved practices,” he added.
The 140-member EU observer mission formulated 50 recommendations to help ensure better transparency in future elections. Of these seven require constitutional changes and 17 require changes in the primary legislation, according to Gahler.
The EU observer mission suggested the formation of a special parliamentary committee on elections to review related legislation within a framework of international law commitments. Key issues to address in this regard include candidacy criteria, transparency requirements and mechanisms for effective remedy.
It also recommended that the Election Commission of Pakistan should take full responsibility for the administration of the elections. The commission must fully implement its five-year strategic plan as well, the EU mission noted in its report.
It proposed that ECP should establish a clear regulatory framework for all aspects of the election, including results management, observation and scrutiny, and complaints. The commission should also review and develop procedures to increase checks in the polling and results process, and develop practices to improve the quality of the completed results forms, the report maintained.
The EU observer mission also asked ECP to introduce strong transparency measures, including making all notifications, decisions and election related information immediately and easily available to the public.
“All polling and results information should swiftly be made available to the public on the ECP website.”
It also suggested that the legal framework for media be revised so that it fully supports editorial independence and eliminates opportunities for censorship.
This document proposes electoral reforms in India to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in politics. It discusses several issues with the current system, such as criminal candidates winning elections, lack of transparency in political party funding, and booth capturing. Some proposed reforms include regulating political donations, introducing fingerprint electronic voting, permitting online voting, and imposing President's rule before elections. However, challenges to implementing reforms include corruption, ruling parties misusing power, and a slow political system. Overall, the document advocates for reforms to enhance free and fair elections in India.
The term of the current Chief Justice of South Africa ends in October 2021. President Ramaphosa is calling for nominations to fill this role. He aims to promote transparency through an open nomination process that allows for public participation. Nominations must be accompanied by endorsements and submitted by October 1st. A panel of eminent legal experts will then shortlist 3 to 5 candidates. The President will consult on this shortlist before appointing the next Chief Justice.
This document provides details of a team and discusses various issues related to elections in India such as illiteracy among voters, booth capturing, candidates exceeding spending limits, and the presence of criminals among elected representatives. It proposes solutions like conducting a computer-based test for candidates, introducing biometric voting, and establishing rules to keep criminals away from politics. Challenges to implementing these advanced technologies are the large budget required and getting existing politicians to agree to reforms.
The document outlines the terms of reference for a shortlisting panel that will recommend candidates for the position of Chief Justice of South Africa. The panel will be chaired by Judge Navi Pillay and include five other members. The panel must assess all nominations against criteria like constitutional qualifications and leadership abilities. They must then submit a report to the President with a shortlist of three to five recommended candidates by October 29th.
The document discusses the Election Commission of India as established by the Constitution. It outlines that the Election Commission consists of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Commissioners appointed by the President. The Chief Election Commissioner can only be removed by the same process as a Supreme Court judge. The Election Commission supervises all aspects of elections, including preparing electoral rolls, conducting elections, receiving election petitions, and recognizing political parties. It has wide-ranging powers to ensure free and fair elections in India.
The Election Commission of India is an independent constitutional body responsible for organizing free and fair elections. It was established on January 25, 1950 under Article 324 of the Indian Constitution. The Commission currently consists of the Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners appointed by the President of India. The Election Commission is fully independent and isolated from executive interference. It oversees electoral disputes and other electoral matters.
This document outlines the PEMRA Ordinance of 2002 which established the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). The ordinance aims to improve media standards and expand choice for citizens. It gives PEMRA the power to regulate electronic media including broadcast, cable, and distribution services in Pakistan. The ordinance establishes PEMRA as the governing body, outlines its functions and powers, and details the composition of its members including provisions for appointment and tenure.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: PHILIPPINE PARTY LIST SYSTEMjundumaug1
The document summarizes key aspects of the party-list system for electing representatives to the House of Representatives in the Philippines. It describes how the system aims to provide representation for marginalized groups. Registered national, regional, or sectoral parties and organizations can participate by fielding nominees who must meet certain qualifications. The number of seats allocated is 20% of the total House seats. Voters cast two votes, one for a district representative and one for a party-list. Seats are allocated based on the percentage of the nationwide vote each party receives. Party-list representatives have the same rights and terms as district representatives.
This bill proposes allowing online voter registration through the internet in addition to mail registration. It finds that many voter registration records contain errors due to outdated paper-based systems. The bill would require all 50 states to provide both mail and internet voter registration by January 2016. Online registration would include submitting name, address, birthdate, ID number, party affiliation, and electronic signature. States would be responsible for creating secure online registration systems and inputting paper registrations into the online database. Non-compliant states could face fines up to $1 million.
The document provides an analysis of proposed amendments to Kenya's election laws contained in the Election Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2017 and the Election Offences (Amendment) Bill, 2017. Key proposed changes and comments include:
1) Expanding the definition of "Chairperson" of the electoral commission to allow anyone, not just a member, to act as chair in the absence of the chair and vice-chair.
2) Requiring the chair of the electoral commission to have 15 years of experience in relevant fields like governance instead of being qualified to be a Supreme Court judge.
3) Lowering the quorum for electoral commission meetings from 5 to 3 members, allowing a minority of members to make
The Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance establishes a council to implement an ethical code of practice for newspapers and journalists. The council, composed of 19 members including journalists, editors, and media experts, oversees complaints and ensures press freedom and standards. It can form inquiry commissions to investigate ethical violations and recommend actions like publishing apologies or suspending publications. The council aims to balance press freedom with professional responsibility.
The document discusses electoral reforms in Pakistan. It provides background on elections in Pakistan and outlines several recommendations to improve the electoral process, including establishing clear timelines for nomination procedures, ensuring impartial returning officers and election commission members, allowing overseas voting, using electronic voting machines cautiously, stopping discriminatory voter lists, providing a "none of the above" option, limiting candidates to one constituency, and strengthening monitoring of election expenses and results.
The document summarizes the four options for First Nations to hold elections in Canada: self-government agreements, the Indian Act, the First Nations Elections Act, and custom election codes. It then provides details on each option, including differences between them, benefits and criticisms. Key aspects of the Indian Act and First Nations Elections Act processes and requirements are outlined.
PLEASE NOTE THAT THE REGS TO THE LEGISLATION HAVE BEEN RELEASED SINCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PPP AND THE PPP IS OUT OF DATE. READERS SHOULD REFER TO THE LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS.
First Nations governments are formed by a chief and councillors who are responsible for making decisions on behalf of the First Nation and its members. A new option for conducting elections, The First Nations Election Act became law on April 2, 2015. As a result, First Nations are now able to hold elections in four different ways.
1. By following the Indian Act and the Indian Band Election Regulations;
2. Under the new First Nations Elections Act and the First Nations Elections Regulations;
3. Under a Custom Election Code as developed by the community in accordance with the traditional laws and customs of that particular Nation; or
4. Pursuant to a community's constitution contained in a self-government agreement.
In the fall of 2015, The Confederacy of Mainland Mi’kmaq, conduced public information sessions in five First Nations Communities and with the First Nations Lawyers and Law Students. Please click on the link below for the power point presentation and handouts from the education sessions. Please note that the information contained in links are for educational and information sharing purposes and is not intended to constitute legal advice and should not be relied upon in that respect.
Election Expenditure Regulation in IndiaNirmal Mathew
This document summarizes the problem of illegal election expenditures in Indian politics. It notes that candidates with large amounts of unaccounted cash stand a better chance of winning elections. While there are regulations and a monitoring system in place, illegal money from corporations, bureaucrats, criminals, and other sources still flows into elections. The system is ineffective at tackling this inflow of unaccounted money. Reforms are suggested, such as increasing transparency in political party financing, strengthening tax laws, and establishing an independent election expenditure monitoring body.
Salient Points of The Draft Charter by Atty. Rodolfo "RV" Vicerra. Presentation for HSF-PPI Seminar on Understanding Federalism for Media Practitioners
The Bangladesh Election Commission is established by the constitution to oversee elections. It consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and up to four other Commissioners appointed by the President. To be eligible to vote, one must be a Bangladeshi citizen over 18, of sound mind, a resident of the constituency, and not convicted of certain offenses.
The Commission's powers and functions include conducting free and fair elections, implementing the electoral code of conduct, preparing voter rolls, delimiting constituencies, resolving disputes, overseeing candidate and party finances, registering parties, and limiting campaign spending. However, it faces challenges like ensuring a level playing field for all parties and gaining the trust of major political parties.
Pakistan has been facing numerous key public sector challenges such as transformation of traditional public administration to new public management system leading towards public value management model in Pakistan electoral system. This is similar to what we have in other developed countries like UK, Canada and Australia.
Almost after 70 years of its independence, government yet failed to conduct a single fair election through unanimously accepted voting process by public and private organizations.
In fact, most of the times; final results of elections were challenged by losing parties based on the number of complaints of election rigging and bogus old fashioned voting system.
This situation was become more worsen during the last election held in 2013, when all parties blamed for ballot theft and voters were in streets for their protests against failure of this system.
Unlike Australia, Pakistani election is based on First-past-the-post voting method instead of Preferential Voting.
Further, separation of power is also similar to UK, Australia like separate legislatures, executive and judiciary. Under the constitutional frame of work, elections are to be held after each 5 years which in fact happened earlier before completing the tenure of government.
Some of the details are given here, important is to look into the comparison of %age voting between ruling party and the opposition parties.
On recent Pakistani election, observations of international organizations were important for the institutional improvement and revealing hindrances of public participation.
EU 2013 Pakistan Election Observation Mission (report)fatanews
ISLAMABAD: The European Union’s Election Observer Mission, in its final report, has said the May 11 polls were much more free and fair than previous elections in the country. It cautioned, however, that not implementing certain legal provisions has left future elections vulnerable to malpractice.
Released at a news conference on Wednesday, the findings of the EU observer mission concluded that despite escalating militant attacks and procedural shortcomings, the May 11 electoral process progressed with a high level of competition, a marked increase in voter participation and overall acceptance of the outcome.
Speaking to reporters, Chief Observer Michael Gahler, however, noted that fundamental problems remain with the legal framework and the implementation of certain provisions.
“Now is the time for the new Parliament, the Election Commission and other stakeholders to demonstrate their commitment to a democratic Pakistan. Legislation can be further developed and every by-election as well as local election is an opportunity for implementing improved practices,” he added.
The 140-member EU observer mission formulated 50 recommendations to help ensure better transparency in future elections. Of these seven require constitutional changes and 17 require changes in the primary legislation, according to Gahler.
The EU observer mission suggested the formation of a special parliamentary committee on elections to review related legislation within a framework of international law commitments. Key issues to address in this regard include candidacy criteria, transparency requirements and mechanisms for effective remedy.
It also recommended that the Election Commission of Pakistan should take full responsibility for the administration of the elections. The commission must fully implement its five-year strategic plan as well, the EU mission noted in its report.
It proposed that ECP should establish a clear regulatory framework for all aspects of the election, including results management, observation and scrutiny, and complaints. The commission should also review and develop procedures to increase checks in the polling and results process, and develop practices to improve the quality of the completed results forms, the report maintained.
The EU observer mission also asked ECP to introduce strong transparency measures, including making all notifications, decisions and election related information immediately and easily available to the public.
“All polling and results information should swiftly be made available to the public on the ECP website.”
It also suggested that the legal framework for media be revised so that it fully supports editorial independence and eliminates opportunities for censorship.
This document proposes electoral reforms in India to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in politics. It discusses several issues with the current system, such as criminal candidates winning elections, lack of transparency in political party funding, and booth capturing. Some proposed reforms include regulating political donations, introducing fingerprint electronic voting, permitting online voting, and imposing President's rule before elections. However, challenges to implementing reforms include corruption, ruling parties misusing power, and a slow political system. Overall, the document advocates for reforms to enhance free and fair elections in India.
The term of the current Chief Justice of South Africa ends in October 2021. President Ramaphosa is calling for nominations to fill this role. He aims to promote transparency through an open nomination process that allows for public participation. Nominations must be accompanied by endorsements and submitted by October 1st. A panel of eminent legal experts will then shortlist 3 to 5 candidates. The President will consult on this shortlist before appointing the next Chief Justice.
This document provides details of a team and discusses various issues related to elections in India such as illiteracy among voters, booth capturing, candidates exceeding spending limits, and the presence of criminals among elected representatives. It proposes solutions like conducting a computer-based test for candidates, introducing biometric voting, and establishing rules to keep criminals away from politics. Challenges to implementing these advanced technologies are the large budget required and getting existing politicians to agree to reforms.
The document outlines the terms of reference for a shortlisting panel that will recommend candidates for the position of Chief Justice of South Africa. The panel will be chaired by Judge Navi Pillay and include five other members. The panel must assess all nominations against criteria like constitutional qualifications and leadership abilities. They must then submit a report to the President with a shortlist of three to five recommended candidates by October 29th.
The document discusses the Election Commission of India as established by the Constitution. It outlines that the Election Commission consists of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Commissioners appointed by the President. The Chief Election Commissioner can only be removed by the same process as a Supreme Court judge. The Election Commission supervises all aspects of elections, including preparing electoral rolls, conducting elections, receiving election petitions, and recognizing political parties. It has wide-ranging powers to ensure free and fair elections in India.
The Election Commission of India is an independent constitutional body responsible for organizing free and fair elections. It was established on January 25, 1950 under Article 324 of the Indian Constitution. The Commission currently consists of the Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners appointed by the President of India. The Election Commission is fully independent and isolated from executive interference. It oversees electoral disputes and other electoral matters.
The document discusses India's reservation policy, which aims to promote access to education and government jobs for historically disadvantaged groups. It provides a history of reservations from the late 19th century under British rule to their codification in the Indian Constitution in 1950. Key events include the Mandal Commission recommendations in 1980 to expand quotas to other backward classes, exceeding 50% in some states. Debate continues around the appropriate scope and implementation of reservations.
Elections are the foundation of democracy in India, allowing citizens to participate directly by electing their representatives. The Election Commission of India oversees free and fair elections according to detailed procedures, including preparing voter rolls, approving candidates, monitoring campaign spending, and ensuring proper voting and counting. Their independence from the government helps preserve democracy in India.
India holds regular elections to ensure peaceful transition of power and participation of citizens in the political process. The Election Commission of India is responsible for administering free and fair elections according to the Constitution. Any citizen over 18 can vote, while those deemed unsound of mind or convicted of certain crimes cannot. However, the electoral system faces weaknesses like misuse of money and power, criminalization of politics, voting along caste/religious lines, and low voter turnout. Reforms are needed like changing the electoral system, ensuring more women in politics, stricter rules on money in politics, and barring candidates with criminal cases.
This document provides an assessment of 61 years of affirmative action/reservation policies in India. It argues that reservation was intended to be a temporary measure but has become a permanent fixture. Reservation undermines merit and promotes reverse discrimination. It has strengthened caste divisions rather than removing inequalities. After 60+ years, officially there are still no communities that have crossed barriers of backwardness. True equality will be achieved by increasing merit for all rather than through illusory policies like reservation.
The document provides an overview of the Indian Constitution. It discusses that the Constitution is the supreme law of India, governing all other laws. The Constituent Assembly framed the Constitution over several sessions from 1946 to 1949. Key figures involved in drafting the Constitution included Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, and Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar. The Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950, becoming the Republic Day of India.
The document discusses reservations in the Indian education system. It provides background on when reservations were introduced and the types of reservations that exist. It outlines the current situation where reservations make up 45% of many state quotas. It also discusses the debate around reservations, with supporters arguing it promotes equality while opponents say it hampers merit. Potential consequences are discussed like some taking undue advantage. Suggested solutions include basing reservations on family income and limiting it to the first two children. The conclusion is that while reservations achieved their goal, continued revisions may be needed.
The Salient Features of "The Constitution of India".
This PPTX file is better viewed in Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 or above.
Office 2007 ver is not capable for viewing animations properly.
The document discusses the need for electoral reforms in India to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in politics. It outlines several issues with the current system such as rampant criminalization of politics and vote-buying. Various organizations like the Election Commission and Association for Democratic Reforms have proposed reforms such as banning candidates with criminal charges, regulating campaign financing and introducing a 'none of the above' option. The document also summarizes the Supreme Court's recent decision to remove protection for convicted politicians. Overall, the document argues that substantial electoral reforms are needed to strengthen democracy and empower citizens in India.
This document discusses various proposed electoral reforms in India to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in politics. It proposes solutions such as restricting the number of candidates with criminal backgrounds that parties can field, establishing state funding of elections to reduce donation influence, fast-tracking the trial of criminal cases against politicians, implementing negative voting options in EVMs, and requiring candidates to declare their assets publicly. The goal of these reforms is to promote fairer and more uniform elections where candidates are elected based on merit rather than money or criminal power.
This document discusses money and influence in Indian electoral politics. It notes that over 2 million elected representatives will be chosen to dispense trillions of rupees in public funds. Large sums of money, sometimes black money, are spent on campaigns, with an estimated over 50,000 crores spent on national, state, and local elections. This spending is fueled by desires for influence over business decisions and perks of office. Reforms proposed include state funding of elections, decentralization of power, reducing terms of office, and improving political education and accountability.
The document proposes several electoral reforms put forth by the Election Commission of India. It discusses proposed amendments to the Constitution of India to provide greater constitutional protection and safeguards to all members of the Election Commission, including Election Commissioners, similar to what is provided to the Chief Election Commissioner. It proposes making the budget of the Election Commission a "charged" expenditure to symbolize its independence. It also proposes establishing an independent secretariat for the Election Commission to insulate it from executive interference in matters like appointments and promotions of staff.
The document proposes several electoral reforms to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in Indian politics. It discusses causes like widespread poverty and lack of voter awareness that lead people to fall for unfair election tactics. Several proposed reforms are outlined, including fast track courts for electoral crimes, allowing voters to reject all candidates, auditing of political party accounts, and conducting knowledge tests for candidates. Implementing these reforms could help select more honest leaders, improve governance and law and order, lessen the role of money in politics and the circulation of black money.
The document discusses several proposed electoral reforms in India to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in politics. It identifies some key problem areas like increasing election costs leading to illegal funding and corruption. It suggests reforms such as improving electoral rolls and voter IDs to prevent rigging, strengthening laws against booth capturing, and establishing institutional mechanisms for political parties to discuss issues and educate members. Overall the document analyzes issues with the current system and proposes options for reforming the electoral process in India.
The document discusses the need for electoral reforms in India to address issues like money power, muscle power, criminalization, and corruption. It proposes several reforms such as giving voters more rights and transparency in the electoral process, reducing the role of money and muscle power, removing criminals from politics, and implementing measures to increase transparency in political funding. Some challenges around direct voting at large scales and preventing influence of moneyed interests are also mentioned. The overall goal of the reforms discussed is to strengthen democracy and empower voters in India.
- The document proposes reforms to Michigan's government and political system through a ballot initiative, including redistricting reform, reducing the sizes of the legislature and courts, and changing rules around lobbying, salaries, and elections.
- Polling shows strong public support for reforms like reducing salaries and benefits for legislators and judges. Voters also support redistricting reform and reducing the number of state boards and commissions.
- The proposal estimates a budget of $4.9 million for drafting the ballot initiative, gathering signatures, and campaigning for it in the fall, which is less than other political campaigns in Michigan.
The document discusses proposed solutions to improve free and fair elections in India. It notes several problems with the current system including that the winning candidate does not always receive an absolute majority of votes, encouraging money and muscle power, and making smaller parties negligible. It proposes solutions like making voting compulsory for some groups, increasing polling locations, educating voters, strengthening local governments, and decriminalizing politics by fast tracking cases against politicians and disqualifying those convicted of crimes. The overall goal is to empower voters and reduce the influence of money and corruption in politics.
The document discusses different voting systems used in elections in the UK, US and Belgium. For the UK, it describes the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system used for general elections and other proportional systems. For the US, it outlines the electoral college system for presidential elections and plurality voting for other elections. It also provides details on Belgian elections and voting systems. The document then analyzes the proposed alternative vote (AV) system that was considered in a 2011 UK referendum and debates around reforming the electoral college system in the US.
Analysis of the first past -the-post electoral systemKondwani Duwa
The document analyzes Malawi's first-past-the-post electoral system and discusses alternatives. It defines electoral systems and outlines Malawi's system, which uses single-member constituencies. While this provides clear winners, it can result in presidents elected by a minority and wasted votes. The document also discusses a two-round system as an alternative that could provide presidents with majority support and greater legitimacy. It suggests this system, combined with quotas, may better support women's representation and inclusion.
The document proposes several solutions to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in Indian elections. It suggests state funding of elections to help common people run for office without relying on black money. It also proposes establishing special courts and tribunals to more quickly dispose of election petitions. Other solutions include restricting government machinery misuse close to elections, strengthening laws against booth capturing, increasing penalties for criminal candidates, requiring detailed audits of political party finances, and reducing campaign periods. The conclusions states that while reforms may be initially uncomfortable, they will ultimately strengthen democracy.
Submission to the Committee for Institutional Reforms (Electoral Reforms in M...Danesh Prakash Chacko
On behalf of Projek Beres (a collaborative project of Tindak Malaysia volunteers and independent Malaysians across the world), I uploaded Tindak Malaysia presentation to the Committee on matters pertaining to the electoral reforms
Elections in India face significant issues related to money power, criminalization of politics, and a lack of transparency. Reforms are needed to address flaws in the electoral system such as disproportionate election spending, the influence of black money, and a lack of disclosure around candidates' criminal records and assets. Proposed reforms include strengthening anti-defection laws, instituting spending limits, conducting background checks of candidates, and increasing voter education and awareness. However, electoral reforms also face challenges in ensuring fair implementation and preventing workarounds.
The document discusses the electoral system of India, including how constituencies are defined, the nomination and campaign process, the model code of conduct, use of electronic voting machines with voter verifiable paper audit trails, and security measures like observers. It also mentions reservation of seats and the "None of the Above" option on voting machines. The Election Commission of India oversees the administration of elections in India according to the constitution.
Elections in India are influenced by money power, as large sums of money are required to campaign effectively. Criminal records and assets of candidates are also correlated with election outcomes. Several reforms are needed to improve the electoral system, such as stricter regulations on campaign financing, educating voters, imposing President's rule before elections, and introducing measures like online voting and electronic voting machines to increase transparency. Political parties also need internal reforms and greater accountability. Overall, electoral reforms aim to reduce the impact of money and criminality, and reflect the will of the people more accurately.
The document discusses the need for electoral reforms in India to address issues like the influence of black money and criminal candidates in elections as well as the lack of transparency in political funding. It proposes several reforms such as online voting, restrictions on candidates with criminal backgrounds, greater regulation of campaign donations, and making the Election Commission of India independent of government control. The challenges in implementing reforms and monitoring their impact are also examined.
The document proposes introducing electoral reforms such as conducting mandatory examinations for political candidates to reduce the influence of money, criminals, and dynastic politics in elections. It outlines a plan for an annual computer-based examination administered by the Election Commission to qualify candidates based on their knowledge of the region, constitution, and key issues. Introducing a voter-verifiable paper audit trail for electronic voting machines is also suggested to increase transparency in the voting process.
This document discusses several flaws in India's electoral system that allow undue influence of money and power. It notes that candidates often need money to bribe their way onto ballots or resist other candidates, and need power to threaten opponents. It also discusses how lack of money or power can prevent legitimate candidates from participating. The document then outlines several proposed reforms to address these issues, such as restricting candidates with criminal charges, implementing negative voting, increasing spending limits with enforcement, requiring disclosure of assets/finances, and restricting government advertising before elections. The goal of these reforms is to reduce corruption and intimidation in the electoral process.
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Communique issued at the national civil society organizations forumIDEGGhana
The National Civil Society Organizations Forum held in Accra from June 27-28, 2018 discussed amending Article 55 of Ghana's constitution to allow political parties to participate in local governance and elections. The forum resolved to support this strategic decision for the following reasons: 1) To widen Ghana's democracy and devolve more power and resources for local development; 2) To commit collective efforts to ensure successful implementation; 3) To engage in civic education and outreach to build support. The civil society organizations pledged to work together to see the reforms through and ensure peaceful participation.
Conference on building resilient industries and infrastructure for economic t...IDEGGhana
CONFERENCE ON BUILDING RESILIENT INDUSTRIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ECONOMIC TRANSFROMATION IN AFRICA: THE ROLE OF CHINA HOSTED BY INSTITUTE FOR DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE (IDEG)
(4TH AND 5TH JULY, 2017, ACCRA, GHANA)
OPENING SPEECH/GHANA’S ROLE IN INDUSTRIALISATION AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ECOWAS REGION
BY
HIS EXCELLENCY DR. MAHAMUDU BAWUMIA VICE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA
Ideg publication this week newsletter 5 editionIDEGGhana
Strengthening the Capacity of Alternative Parties for a Functional Multiparty Democratic System in Ghana . THE NATIONAL EXHIBITION OF THE
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WHAT WE NEED TO KNOW.
The document calls on all Ghanaians to work together to strengthen confidence and trust in the electoral process for the 2016 elections. It summarizes the Supreme Court's order for the EC to remove NHIS card users from the voter register. It urges the EC to be more transparent and accountable by informing the public about reforms implemented following past reports. It also encourages all registered voters to check their registration details during the upcoming voter exhibition period, in order to boost confidence in the accuracy of the voter register. Finally, it calls on all groups in society to help educate and mobilize citizens to participate in the important exhibition exercise.
Ideg publication this week newsletter issue 3IDEGGhana
The newsletter discusses upcoming events from the Institute for Democratic Governance (IDEG) aimed at strengthening Ghana's multiparty democracy and the role of small political parties, including a workshop to help small parties develop effective manifestos and programs to better engage voters ahead of the 2016 elections. It also includes a letter reflecting on Ghana's progress since independence from its first president, Kwame Nkrumah.
Ideg publication this week newsletter june 2016IDEGGhana
IDEG This Week will feature one major topical is-sue which could be considered as central to the current political discourse. This underlies the IDEG mandate, and should nourish whatever debate and discussions the article on the topical issue could generate.
Important Political Accountability and Citizen Building effort of IDEG GHANAIDEGGhana
Operation of the Institute of Democratic Governance, Ghana. www.ideg.org https://www.facebook.com/IDEGGhana https://twitter.com/IDEGGhana
Led by Commonwelath Eminent Person Dr. Emmanuel Akwetey.
Final draft ideg observation-report_voter-reg-ex 2008 1IDEGGhana
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Between 31st July and 12 August 2008 the Institute for Democratic Governance IDEG
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Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
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Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
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Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
1. INSTITUTE FOR DEMOCRACTIC GOVERNANCE
(IDEG)
INTERNAL SEMINAR
“REFORMING THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM:
TOWARD A BALANCED DISTRIBUTION OF
POWER AND EQUITABLE REPRESENTATION”
PRESENTATION BY
PROF. K. NINSIN
JULY 2010
2. Introduction
• The 1992 Constitution and the
‘Winner Takes All’ (WTA) electoral
system as the basis for legislative
(Article 50.1.a) and executive (Article
63.3) power.
3. Working the Constitution: The
Outcomes
• The WTA is exclusionary
• Undemocratic
• Denies the majority who did not vote for the
winning party equitable representation in
parliament and inter-election participation
• Small parties that command reasonable
electoral support the opportunity to represent
those who did not vote for the winning party
4. Proportion of parliamentary seats won by
NPP and NDC against other parties and
independent candidates (Fig 1 and 2)
5.
6. Proportion of votes won by winning
parliamentary candidate vrs other candidates
14. Working the Constitution: The Outcomes
cont’d
• Polarizes the nation into virtual two
party dominant system with
implications for perpetual inter-party
conflict
17. Alternative Electoral System
• Proportional Representation (PR) has the
potential to enhance democratic participation
by all
• Give all and sundry a stake in the governance
of the country
• Minimize inter-party conflict and ensure
political stability
18. Alternative Electoral System cont’d
• Mixed Member PR (MMPR) system equals
combination of the WTA and National Compensatory
Seats (NCS)
Details
• Constituency seats = 230
• National compensatory seats = 115 (or 50% of total
constituency seats)
Distribution of NCS
• Qualification for NCS: All Political Parties (PP) that win
40% or more of popular votes are not entitled to the
NCS.
• All other political parties that win a stipulated
minimum percentage of national votes cast will share
19. Alternative Electoral System cont’d
Gender representation in Parliament:
• compliment the MMPR with a virtual list PR
by which all political parties would nominate
one male, one female for every constituency
they contest
• Each PP will assign 40% of constituency seats
it wins in an election to the women on its
constituency list
20. Alternative Electoral System cont’d
Presidential elections
• Assumptions under the WTA system
• Risks under the 50% + 1 formula
i. Previous contests where successful
candidates won with majority votes in 6
regions
29. Alternative Electoral System cont’d
Proposals:
quasi-electoral college system of presidential
election.
Formula:
50% + 1 of the valid votes cast in not less than
6 regions plus 50% + 1 of the national votes
cast.
30. Alternative Electoral System cont’d
Decoupling of presidential and parliamentary
elections
• New dates
Mid June for parliamentary elections
Mid September for presidential elections
Justification:
The election of MPs would be independent of the
election of their presidential candidates.
Encourage peaceful and orderly transfer of power;
and more time for in-coming president to assume
office
31. Alternative Electoral System cont’d
Rebalancing Executive and Legislative power
Articles 78 (1), 79 (1), 70 and 71 vests excessive
power in the president to the disadvantage of
parliament.
Proposal:
1. Amend Articles 78 (1) and 79 (1) to separate
the personnel of the executive arm of
government from the personnel of parliament
32. 2. Amend Articles 70 and 71 to vest the power
of appointment in parliament acting on the
advice of a constitutionally mandated Public
Service Authority; and power to determine
salaries also in parliament acting on the advice
of the Public Service Authority (re-vests power
to authorize all public expenditures in
parliament)
3. All public bodies whose key officers are
appointed by the proposed PSA should submit
annual reports to parliament
33. Justification
1.Transferring powers of appointment from the
president to parliament and giving parliament
spending and oversight powers over the public
bodies would encourage the growth of
parliament into an autonomous body able to
restrain the president, and ensure
improvements in the governance of the
country.
34. Reforming the electoral system:
The current situation makes electoral
reforms difficult as they are tied to
constitutional reforms.
It is proposed that the constitution should
provide the basic principles to govern
elections in the country and empower the
electoral commission to formulate
appropriate electoral rules