Slides for ICWSM tutorial MP1: EVIDENCED-BASED SOCIAL DESIGN OF ONLINE COMMUNITIES: GETTING TO CRITICAL MASS AND ENCOURAGING CONTRIBUTIONS. http://icwsm.org/2012/program/tutorial/
A 90 minute workshop on how to build a stronger professional profile that will help you get more business. This presentation was customized for a group of independent qualitative research professionals, but can be customized for your group.
There is an accompanying worksheet that goes with the presentation, which attendees use to create an individual ONE PAGE plan of action. This has been our most requested material, and audiences find it entertaining and inspiring!
Professor Paul Resnick at Vircomm14 – 'Motivating Contribution: 5 theories an...FeverBee Limited
This document discusses theories and design claims related to motivating contribution in online communities. It begins by outlining some of the challenges faced by online communities in starting up and maintaining engagement. It then discusses an evidence-based approach to social design where theoretical literature is mined to generate design claims about the effects of different social design decisions. Several theories are outlined, including social impact theory, social proof, goal setting theory, and theories of intrinsic motivation. The roles of theory are identified as helping to identify challenges, guide solutions, and predict effects. Specific design claims are then presented related to encouraging contributions through requests, goal setting, and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation.
This document discusses social software and IBM solutions for social collaboration. It begins with an introduction and overview of social software, noting how it has enabled interaction and information sharing through sites like Facebook and YouTube. It then discusses IBM solutions for social collaboration, including Lotus Connections for on-premise deployment and LotusLive as a software-as-a-service offering. Both provide features like profiles, blogs, files sharing, and activities. The document concludes by highlighting benefits experienced by IBM through increased productivity, knowledge sharing, and skills development using social software.
Social Media for the Public Sector presentation - Connected Nottingham - 3 De...simonwakeman
This document discusses best practices for using social media for public sector communications and reputation management. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring social media conversations, assessing their scale and ability to respond, and having clear protocols, roles, and response channels in place. Effective social media relations requires investing time in interactions, offering value to online communities, and being ready to engage and respond when issues arise in order to influence reputation through two-way communications.
How to use content curation to build an audience placeholderSocialmatica
VIEW THIS WORKSHOP:
http://training.socialmatica.com/how-to-use-content-curation-to-build-an-audience-gate/
LEAVE THIS WORKSHOP KNOWING:
What content is your AUDIENCE interested in?
How to curate in 10 minutes a day
What tools are available to help curate?
The document outlines a workshop presentation on making presentations more engaging by following principles of "Presentation Zen." It discusses common mistakes in PowerPoint presentations like relying too heavily on bullet points and text-heavy slides. The presentation introduces concepts like keeping visuals simple with minimal text and test to focus audience attention on the presenter rather than the slides.
Gave this talk at SSSW'13; The 10th Summer School on Ontology Engineering and the Semantic Web
7 - 13 July, 2013. Cercedilla, Spain. http://sssw.org/2013/
A 90 minute workshop on how to build a stronger professional profile that will help you get more business. This presentation was customized for a group of independent qualitative research professionals, but can be customized for your group.
There is an accompanying worksheet that goes with the presentation, which attendees use to create an individual ONE PAGE plan of action. This has been our most requested material, and audiences find it entertaining and inspiring!
Professor Paul Resnick at Vircomm14 – 'Motivating Contribution: 5 theories an...FeverBee Limited
This document discusses theories and design claims related to motivating contribution in online communities. It begins by outlining some of the challenges faced by online communities in starting up and maintaining engagement. It then discusses an evidence-based approach to social design where theoretical literature is mined to generate design claims about the effects of different social design decisions. Several theories are outlined, including social impact theory, social proof, goal setting theory, and theories of intrinsic motivation. The roles of theory are identified as helping to identify challenges, guide solutions, and predict effects. Specific design claims are then presented related to encouraging contributions through requests, goal setting, and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation.
This document discusses social software and IBM solutions for social collaboration. It begins with an introduction and overview of social software, noting how it has enabled interaction and information sharing through sites like Facebook and YouTube. It then discusses IBM solutions for social collaboration, including Lotus Connections for on-premise deployment and LotusLive as a software-as-a-service offering. Both provide features like profiles, blogs, files sharing, and activities. The document concludes by highlighting benefits experienced by IBM through increased productivity, knowledge sharing, and skills development using social software.
Social Media for the Public Sector presentation - Connected Nottingham - 3 De...simonwakeman
This document discusses best practices for using social media for public sector communications and reputation management. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring social media conversations, assessing their scale and ability to respond, and having clear protocols, roles, and response channels in place. Effective social media relations requires investing time in interactions, offering value to online communities, and being ready to engage and respond when issues arise in order to influence reputation through two-way communications.
How to use content curation to build an audience placeholderSocialmatica
VIEW THIS WORKSHOP:
http://training.socialmatica.com/how-to-use-content-curation-to-build-an-audience-gate/
LEAVE THIS WORKSHOP KNOWING:
What content is your AUDIENCE interested in?
How to curate in 10 minutes a day
What tools are available to help curate?
The document outlines a workshop presentation on making presentations more engaging by following principles of "Presentation Zen." It discusses common mistakes in PowerPoint presentations like relying too heavily on bullet points and text-heavy slides. The presentation introduces concepts like keeping visuals simple with minimal text and test to focus audience attention on the presenter rather than the slides.
Gave this talk at SSSW'13; The 10th Summer School on Ontology Engineering and the Semantic Web
7 - 13 July, 2013. Cercedilla, Spain. http://sssw.org/2013/
This is the full presentation for the Service 2.0 workshop organized at ServDes 2012 in Espoo, Finland. The actual workshop was shorter for the limited time.
This document discusses social media and provides tips for non-profits on engaging with social media. It begins by defining social media and listing popular sites. It then addresses common myths and misconceptions about social media. The document provides examples of statistics for major social media platforms. It offers guidance on setting goals, tracking metrics, and getting started with social media. Finally, it addresses common fears and provides resources for non-profits.
Social Media - Waste of Time or Winning Ticket?Susan Price
Makes the business case for organizations to invest at least some time and effort in a social media strategy, development of policies, and discusses best practices for beginning to engage with customers, employees, prospects and the community.
Presented by Firecat Studio's CEO and Chief Web Strategist Susan Price to New Braunfels Chamber of Commerce, October 2009.
Social Media & Financial Services WorkshopRichard Sedley
The document summarizes key points from a Barclays social media workshop. It discusses understanding audiences through social profiling tools, monitoring social conversations to support customers and reputation, and ways to engage through social networks like joining discussions and crowdsourcing ideas. The workshop covered listening to customers, building partnerships through social platforms, and maintaining an open and authentic social presence.
Advisory groups across large geographic areas face opportunities and challenges in effectively engaging communities. Key considerations include establishing clear terms of reference, building capacity through predictable meeting cycles and using the right online engagement tools. Lessons from experienced advisory groups emphasize recruiting a diversity of members, selecting the right size and meeting frequency, and securing organizational champions to ensure the group can influence decisions.
Daniel Burka's Design Workshop Slides: FOWD NYC 2009Daniel Burka
The document discusses iterative design strategies for improving a website's comment system. It outlines the steps taken to improve Digg comments, including: releasing an initial version, adding more sophistication, gathering feedback, setting new goals, creating prototype designs, user testing, refining designs, and implementing changes. The process involved multiple iterations of gathering feedback, testing designs, and making incremental improvements to address issues and better meet user needs.
How social media can make or break your job search.-Fall 2012Cher Jones
These are the slides from the 2012 PAYE (Partnership Advancing Youth Employment) Learning Forum. This session moderated by Socially Active's Cher Jones was designed to be an interactive training experience featuring a panel of employers to discuss the different ways social media can make or break your job search.
This document outlines a meeting agenda for Rails for Charity, an organization that builds open source web applications to help improve society. The agenda discusses the mission to use technology skills to address social problems, potential areas of contribution like healthcare and education, benefits like experience and collaboration, and plans to incubate ideas, form project teams, and iteratively develop and deploy applications using open source tools. The overall goal is to engage a diverse group of volunteers across technical and non-technical roles to create social impact through open source software.
Congratulations, you have an online community! Odds are, you also have an offline community. Are you using one to strengthen the other?
Most of the organizations I work with in my practice already have all the ingredients in place for a real, vibrant community that lives on and off line. Too often though, on- and offline are treated as separate worlds, with little effort made to bridge the gap. Communities thrive when there is varied and ongoing interaction. Merging physical and non-physical conversations, events, and activities is one of the strongest tactics for building community in the real world.
In this session, we'll talk about how communities form, the ingredients for engagement, the importance of culture, and tactics for bridging the gap.
Takeaways:
- An understanding of the different types and benefits of online and offline communities
- Tactics to kickstart their online and offline communities
- Ways to engage their communities both online and offline
Social Media for Nonprofits Conference 2016 - Assessing & Aligning Resources ...ConnectVA
This interactive session will help you take a step back and determine what’s working and assess your online presence. From interpreting channel analytics to making effective decisions on what content is truly post-worthy, learn how to optimize to make your institution’s social media life easier and more effective.
My presentation from the KMP Seminar on 6th May 2010.
It was a stab at explaining some of why I think blogs are the beating heart of a social media strategy.
It's also got some good cases of how brands build up their social media presences from blogs out to other social networks.
Enjoy and download...and please link/quote if quoted/cited.
Thx, Paul
The webinar discussed driving long term engagement in talent communities. It explored how social technologies are changing talent management practices and the workforce. Online communities play a role by connecting people with similar interests and allowing them to share information. The webinar covered best practices for getting started, maintaining engagement, and measuring community efforts. Questions from participants were encouraged throughout the presentation.
SilverStripe Developer Community: A RetrospectiveCam Findlay
Covers the concept of Communities of Practice that underpins most open-source software communities: specifically applying this to the SilverStripe Content Management System Community.
Sustainability of the OpenSim Community: A Research AgendaRobin Teigland
The following is a presentation on the Sustainability of the OpenSim Community. It outlines a research agenda currently being conducted by researchers in Sweden and the United States on the use of private-collective communities for value creation.
NWEN and Founder Institute Ideation Bootcamp - Week 2 - Venture Ready Researc...Dave Parker
The document summarizes Week 2 of an Ideation Bootcamp. It includes details about the weekly format which involves food/beverages, introductions, presentations from two mentors on research and models, Q&A, break, and working groups. Biographies are provided for the two mentors, David Bluhm and Dave Parker. Various business models are then discussed including B2B, B2C, pricing, and the B2B sales process. 13 consumer business models are listed. Attendees are asked to explain their ideas and pick a proxy business model. Homework involves gathering total addressable market, serviceable addressable market, and share of market data plus a competitive analysis and defining key assumptions benchmarked
This document discusses how libraries can transition to an "Organization 2.0" model to better utilize social software and Web 2.0 technologies. It identifies common reasons why libraries' early adoption of these tools fails, including treating them as peripheral rather than strategic. The document advocates developing a risk-tolerant culture, understanding users, encouraging staff learning and participation, and integrating 2.0 philosophies into planning. It emphasizes assessing initiatives and involving staff at all levels to build an agile organization that meets changing user needs.
This document discusses strengthening leadership development by focusing on collective impact. It argues current models are insufficient to achieve large-scale results or tackle complex problems. Instead, programs should commit to population-level results by focusing on groups, networks, and systems change. Examples provided recruit key leaders to work collaboratively on public priorities and measure concrete results. Lessons emphasize getting clear on social purpose, recruiting based on desired outcomes, building relationships and networks, and designing action learning to align with existing work and catalyze collaboration across sectors.
Sustainability of the OpenSim Community: A Research AgendaPaul Di Gangi
The following is a presentation on the Sustainability of the OpenSim Community. It outlines a research agenda currently being conducted by researchers in Sweden and the United States on the use of private-collective communities for value creation.
This document discusses encouraging community development for open source projects. It defines community development as others contributing code, documentation, tutorials, bug reports and testing to a project. The author recommends asking for contributions and making the process easy. Project maintainers should be polite, responsive, maintain quality standards, accept criticism constructively and help first-time contributors. While maintaining standards, subpar contributions should be politely addressed by identifying issues and helping the contributor improve rather than being rude. Tools like GitHub, forums and giving credit can further encourage community development.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
This is the full presentation for the Service 2.0 workshop organized at ServDes 2012 in Espoo, Finland. The actual workshop was shorter for the limited time.
This document discusses social media and provides tips for non-profits on engaging with social media. It begins by defining social media and listing popular sites. It then addresses common myths and misconceptions about social media. The document provides examples of statistics for major social media platforms. It offers guidance on setting goals, tracking metrics, and getting started with social media. Finally, it addresses common fears and provides resources for non-profits.
Social Media - Waste of Time or Winning Ticket?Susan Price
Makes the business case for organizations to invest at least some time and effort in a social media strategy, development of policies, and discusses best practices for beginning to engage with customers, employees, prospects and the community.
Presented by Firecat Studio's CEO and Chief Web Strategist Susan Price to New Braunfels Chamber of Commerce, October 2009.
Social Media & Financial Services WorkshopRichard Sedley
The document summarizes key points from a Barclays social media workshop. It discusses understanding audiences through social profiling tools, monitoring social conversations to support customers and reputation, and ways to engage through social networks like joining discussions and crowdsourcing ideas. The workshop covered listening to customers, building partnerships through social platforms, and maintaining an open and authentic social presence.
Advisory groups across large geographic areas face opportunities and challenges in effectively engaging communities. Key considerations include establishing clear terms of reference, building capacity through predictable meeting cycles and using the right online engagement tools. Lessons from experienced advisory groups emphasize recruiting a diversity of members, selecting the right size and meeting frequency, and securing organizational champions to ensure the group can influence decisions.
Daniel Burka's Design Workshop Slides: FOWD NYC 2009Daniel Burka
The document discusses iterative design strategies for improving a website's comment system. It outlines the steps taken to improve Digg comments, including: releasing an initial version, adding more sophistication, gathering feedback, setting new goals, creating prototype designs, user testing, refining designs, and implementing changes. The process involved multiple iterations of gathering feedback, testing designs, and making incremental improvements to address issues and better meet user needs.
How social media can make or break your job search.-Fall 2012Cher Jones
These are the slides from the 2012 PAYE (Partnership Advancing Youth Employment) Learning Forum. This session moderated by Socially Active's Cher Jones was designed to be an interactive training experience featuring a panel of employers to discuss the different ways social media can make or break your job search.
This document outlines a meeting agenda for Rails for Charity, an organization that builds open source web applications to help improve society. The agenda discusses the mission to use technology skills to address social problems, potential areas of contribution like healthcare and education, benefits like experience and collaboration, and plans to incubate ideas, form project teams, and iteratively develop and deploy applications using open source tools. The overall goal is to engage a diverse group of volunteers across technical and non-technical roles to create social impact through open source software.
Congratulations, you have an online community! Odds are, you also have an offline community. Are you using one to strengthen the other?
Most of the organizations I work with in my practice already have all the ingredients in place for a real, vibrant community that lives on and off line. Too often though, on- and offline are treated as separate worlds, with little effort made to bridge the gap. Communities thrive when there is varied and ongoing interaction. Merging physical and non-physical conversations, events, and activities is one of the strongest tactics for building community in the real world.
In this session, we'll talk about how communities form, the ingredients for engagement, the importance of culture, and tactics for bridging the gap.
Takeaways:
- An understanding of the different types and benefits of online and offline communities
- Tactics to kickstart their online and offline communities
- Ways to engage their communities both online and offline
Social Media for Nonprofits Conference 2016 - Assessing & Aligning Resources ...ConnectVA
This interactive session will help you take a step back and determine what’s working and assess your online presence. From interpreting channel analytics to making effective decisions on what content is truly post-worthy, learn how to optimize to make your institution’s social media life easier and more effective.
My presentation from the KMP Seminar on 6th May 2010.
It was a stab at explaining some of why I think blogs are the beating heart of a social media strategy.
It's also got some good cases of how brands build up their social media presences from blogs out to other social networks.
Enjoy and download...and please link/quote if quoted/cited.
Thx, Paul
The webinar discussed driving long term engagement in talent communities. It explored how social technologies are changing talent management practices and the workforce. Online communities play a role by connecting people with similar interests and allowing them to share information. The webinar covered best practices for getting started, maintaining engagement, and measuring community efforts. Questions from participants were encouraged throughout the presentation.
SilverStripe Developer Community: A RetrospectiveCam Findlay
Covers the concept of Communities of Practice that underpins most open-source software communities: specifically applying this to the SilverStripe Content Management System Community.
Sustainability of the OpenSim Community: A Research AgendaRobin Teigland
The following is a presentation on the Sustainability of the OpenSim Community. It outlines a research agenda currently being conducted by researchers in Sweden and the United States on the use of private-collective communities for value creation.
NWEN and Founder Institute Ideation Bootcamp - Week 2 - Venture Ready Researc...Dave Parker
The document summarizes Week 2 of an Ideation Bootcamp. It includes details about the weekly format which involves food/beverages, introductions, presentations from two mentors on research and models, Q&A, break, and working groups. Biographies are provided for the two mentors, David Bluhm and Dave Parker. Various business models are then discussed including B2B, B2C, pricing, and the B2B sales process. 13 consumer business models are listed. Attendees are asked to explain their ideas and pick a proxy business model. Homework involves gathering total addressable market, serviceable addressable market, and share of market data plus a competitive analysis and defining key assumptions benchmarked
This document discusses how libraries can transition to an "Organization 2.0" model to better utilize social software and Web 2.0 technologies. It identifies common reasons why libraries' early adoption of these tools fails, including treating them as peripheral rather than strategic. The document advocates developing a risk-tolerant culture, understanding users, encouraging staff learning and participation, and integrating 2.0 philosophies into planning. It emphasizes assessing initiatives and involving staff at all levels to build an agile organization that meets changing user needs.
This document discusses strengthening leadership development by focusing on collective impact. It argues current models are insufficient to achieve large-scale results or tackle complex problems. Instead, programs should commit to population-level results by focusing on groups, networks, and systems change. Examples provided recruit key leaders to work collaboratively on public priorities and measure concrete results. Lessons emphasize getting clear on social purpose, recruiting based on desired outcomes, building relationships and networks, and designing action learning to align with existing work and catalyze collaboration across sectors.
Sustainability of the OpenSim Community: A Research AgendaPaul Di Gangi
The following is a presentation on the Sustainability of the OpenSim Community. It outlines a research agenda currently being conducted by researchers in Sweden and the United States on the use of private-collective communities for value creation.
This document discusses encouraging community development for open source projects. It defines community development as others contributing code, documentation, tutorials, bug reports and testing to a project. The author recommends asking for contributions and making the process easy. Project maintainers should be polite, responsive, maintain quality standards, accept criticism constructively and help first-time contributors. While maintaining standards, subpar contributions should be politely addressed by identifying issues and helping the contributor improve rather than being rude. Tools like GitHub, forums and giving credit can further encourage community development.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
1. Evidenced-Based Social Design of
Online Communities
Robert E. Kraut
Carnegie Mellon University
Paul Resnick
University of Michigan
http://slidesha.re/ResnickICWSM12
2. Agenda
• Our approach & nature of design claims (10 minutes)
• The challenge of contribution (90 min)
– Requests, goals & motivation (55 minutes)
– Design challenge (15 minutes)
– Break
– Debrief (20 minutes)
• Starting a community (80 minutes)
– Network externalities & getting to critical mass (45 minutes)
– Design challenge (15 minutes)
– Debrief (20 minutes)
3. Today’s goals
• Introduction to view of social design based on social
science theory and empirical results
• Application to
– Challenges of encouraging contribution to online groups
– Challenges of starting a community from scratch
• Format: Lecture combined with break-out groups for
design exercises
4. Instructors
• Paul Resnick
– Professor, School of Information,
University of Michigan
– Computer scientist by training
• Economics orientation
– 2 years in industry at AT&T
• Robert Kraut
– Herbert A. Simon Professor of HCI
at Carnegie Mellon
– Social psychologist by training
– 12 years in industry at Bell Labs
and Bellcore
– Emphasis on social computing
5.
6. Online communities face challenges
typical of off-line groups
• Community start-up
• Recruit, select and socialize members
• Encourage commitment
• Elicit contribution
• Regulate behavior
• Coordinate activity
But anonymity, weak ties, high turnover, & lack of
institutionalization make challenges more daunting online
7. Evidence-based Social Design
• Mine the rich empirical and theoretical literatures in
psychology and economics
• Develop design claims
– Hypotheses about the effects of social design decisions
• Sometimes directly tested in the online context and
sometimes only extensions of empirically tested
theories developed in offline settings
8. Inspiration
―There is nothing so
practical as a good theory‖
―If you want to understand Kurt Lewin
something, try to change it‖
9. The Roles of Theory and Evidence
• Identify Challenges
• Generate Solution Ideas
• Predict Consequences
10. Design Claims
• Our approach is to translate relevant social science
theory and empirical research to design claims
• Alternative X helps/hinders achievement of goal Y
under conditions Z
• E.g.,
– Coupling goals with specific deadlines leads to increases in
contributions as the deadlines approach
– Group goals elicit contribution most among people who
identify with the group
11. Design Claims Differ from Pattern
Languages
• Design pattern: a formal way of documenting a
solution to a design problem in a particular field of
expertise.
• May or may not document the reasons why a problem
exists and why the solution is a good one
• Captures the common solutions, but not necessarily
the effective ones
12. Design Levers
• Community structure
• Content, tasks & activities
• Selection, sorting & highlighting
• External communication
• Feedback & rewards
• Roles, rules, policies and procedures
• Access controls
• Presentation and framing
14. Online Communities Face Challenges
Typical of Off-line Groups
• Community start-up
• Recruit, select and socialize members
• Encourage commitment
• Elicit contribution
• Regulate behavior
• Coordinate activity
But anonymity, weak ties, high turnover, & lack of institutionalization make
challenges more daunting online
15. Reasons To Care
• Overall goal. Creating sufficient volume of contribution of the
resources the group values to provide benefits to group members
and others who rely upon the online community
• Different communities require different types of contribution
– Social support forums: Conversational acts, empathy, offers of help
– Recommender systems: Votes, opinions, comments
– Facebook: Invites, accepts, wall posts, pictures
– WoW guild: Time, particular skills
– Threadless: T-shirt designs
– OSS: Patches, code, translations, documentation
– Wikipedia: New articles, facts, copy-editing, administration work,
cash (& recently, letters to congressmen)
16. Under Contribution Is Rampant
• Across many Internet domains, a small fraction of
participants contribute the majority of material
– Code in open source projects
– Edits in Wikipedia
– Illegal music in Gnutella
– Answers in technical support groups
• Often leads to a power-law/Zipf curve distribution
• In many cases uneven contribution leads to an under
supply of needed content. E.g.,
– Assessments and content in Wikipedia
– Reviews of art movies in MovieLens
17. Wikipedia Stubs & Unassessed Articles
• Many Wikipedia articles haven‘t been assessed for
quality or importance
• 58% of important ones are of low quality
19. APS/WI Reviewing Goal
• Subgoal: Get psychologists & grad students to review
Wikipedia articles by adding comments to article talk
pages describing problems with an article
• ~300 have signed up for the APSWPI, improving >
700 articles
• But fewer than 15 have reviewed
• How you can apply any of the design claims
presented here to increase these reviews from APS
members?
21. Second attempt
• Simplifying the task
– Direct link to where the action is needed
• Highlighting ―social identity‖ in the invitation message
• Personalizing the message
– Specifying users‘ expertise
• Phrasing the task as ―rating‖ instead of ―reviewing‖
23. Naïve Task Analysis of Online
Contribution
To get people to contribute
needed content :
1. They need to understand
what is wanted
2. They have to be
competent to provide it
3. They have to be
motivated to provide it
24. Naïve Task Analysis of Online
Contribution
To get people to contribute
needed content :
1. They need to understand
what is wanted Requests, matching,
2. They have to be and goal setting
competent to provide it
3. They have to be theories of motivation
motivated to provide it • Extrinsic
• Intrinsic
• Effects of
social
situations
26. Requests Focus Attention on Needed
Contributions
• Make the list of needed contributions easily visible to
increase the likelihood that the community will provide
them
27. Identify Who Should Make The Contribution
• Request help in a chat room
• ―Can you tell me how to see someone‘s profile‖
– 400 Chat rooms
– DV=Time to response
• People are slower to respond when others are present
• Diffusion of responsibility is reduced when people are called by name
80 80
No name Name
70 70
Time to respond (seconds)
Time to respond (seconds)
60 No name
60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10
10
0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Others present
Others present
Markey(2000)
28. Email Request to Contribute to Movielens
Quadruples Ratings
• In week after email reminder, contributes quadrupled, to ~ 20 ratings/person from
~5.4
• Is this sustainable?
29. Ask: Explicitly Asking for Needed Contributions
Increases Likelihood of Getting Them
• News site with a ―Leave a
comment‖ form at the end of
each article
• Fewer than 0.1% leave Comments by Type of Request
comments
No ask
• Experiment to estimate the Immediate
value of explicit requests Delayed
– No ask: ―Leave a comment‖ 0 20 40 60 80
Number of comments
100 120
form at end of article
(Wash & Lampe, 2012)
– Immediate: Pop-up ―Leave
a comment‖ when user
opens article
– Delayed: Pop-up ―Leave a
comment‖ on closing article
30. Ask Someone Who Is Willing & Able to
Help: Intelligent Task Routing (Cosley, 2007)
33. Goal Setting Theory
• Goals motivate effort, perseverance & performance
– Trigger for both self-reward (e.g., self-efficacy) & external reward
(e.g., money, reputation, promotion)
• Goals are more effective if
– Specific & challenging rather than easy goals or vague ‗do your
best‘
– Immediate, with feedback
– People commit selves to the goals – because of
importance, incentives, self-esteem, …
– People envision the specific circumstance & method they will
use to achieve them
• Design claim: Providing members with specific and
highly challenging goals, whether self-set or system-
suggested, increases contribution.
34. Experiment Showing that Goals
Work:
• Send email to ~900 MovieLens subscribers
– Gave non-specific, do your best goal or specific, numerical
contribution goals
– Assigned goal to individual subscribers or a nominal group
of 10 subscribers (the ―Explorers‖)
36. In-game Goals in WoW
Weekly minutes playing World of Warcraft, by level
• In WoW players receive extra powers each 10-
levels implicit goals setting
• Ducheneaut, N., et al.(2007). The life and death of online gaming communities: A look
at guilds in world of warcraft. in SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing
systems. San Jose, California, USA.
37. Featured Status in Wikipedia as a
Challenge
Wikipedia edits before and after reaching featured status
38. WikiProjects Use Collaborations of the Week
(COTW) as Time-Delimited Goals
Get designated to good status in a defined
period (e.g., a week or a month)
A COTW announcement in a project page
An example template identifying an article as a COTW
39
39. Goal doubles contribution
Edits per person on the
collaboration articles Self-identified group members
Non self-identified members
Pre-Collaboration Collaboration Post-Collaboration
40
40. Goal has much larger effect on group
members
Edits per person on the
collaboration articles Self-identified group members
Non self-identified members
Pre-Collaboration Collaboration Post-Collaboration
41
41. Goals and Identity
• Design claim: Goals have a more powerful effects
when achieving them benefits a group the target
identifies with
• Association for Psychological Science Wikipedia
Initiative appeals to PhD psychologists with this
technique
42. Design Claims Re: Goals
• Providing members with specific and highly
challenging goals will increase their contributions.
• Goals have larger effects when people receive
frequent feedback about their performance with
respect to the goals.
• Externally imposed goals can be as effective as self-
imposed ones, as long as the goals are important to
community members
• Time-delimited challenges enhance the effects of
goals
• Combining goals with appeals to social identity
enhances their effects
44. What Motivates Contributors?
• Intrinsic value of task
(e.g., fun, curiosity, challenge)
• External personal value
– Reinforcement
– Pay
– Privilege
…
• Social utility
– Reputation
– Identification with the group
– Reciprocity
– Altruism
…
These are leverage points for interventions to
increase motivation
45. Value-Expectancy Model Provides Leverage
Points for Reducing Social Loafing
3
individual individual
performance outcome
5
3, 4
individual 4 individual individual
effort utility motivation
6 6
group group
performance outcome
46. Value-Expectancy Model Provides Leverage
Points for Reducing Social Loafing
Frame request consistent with user’s
values
Create incentives user values
3 Extrinsic
individual individual Intrinsic
performance outcome
5
3, 4
individual 4 individual individual
effort utility motivation
6 6
group group
performance outcome Liking for group members
Identification with group
History of interaction with group
Number of others
Own competence
Own unique skills
Group’s
incompetence
48. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivations
• Individual motivation influences behavior through external
motivators (e.g., rewards, incentives, reputation) and intrinsic
motivators (e.g., fun & curiosity)
Increase contributions by manipulating extrinsic incentives & intrinsic
motivations
– Extrinsic motivators: Offer rewards as incentive
(e.g., money, reputation, perks, grades)
• Larger rewards induce more contribution than smaller rewards.
• Luxury goods create better incentives than money as rewards for
more difficult tasks.
• Rewards of status, privileges, money, or prizes that are task-
contingent but not performance-contingent will lead to gaming by
performing the tasks with low effort.
• People won't game the system for private verbal reward
– Intrinsic motivators: Make the task fun or intrinsically interesting
52. Incentives vs. Reinforcements
• Incentives are promises given before the behavior
to cause people to produce it
• Reinforcements are rewards given after a
behavior that make it persist
55. Design Claims Re: Incentives &
Reinforcement
• Incentive Effects
– People do more of the behaviors that they anticipate will be
rewarded.
– Task non-contingent rewards will not create incentive to do more of
a task or exert more effort in doing it
– Larger rewards induce more contribution than smaller rewards
– Small gifts create more effective incentives than small payments
• Reinforcement effects
– Rewards delivered in response to behaviors cause people to do
more of those behaviors
– Rewards work better as reinforces if they are delivered right after
the desired behavior
– Rewards generate more consistent performance over time if they
are unpredictable
56. Intrinsic Motivators
• Intrinsic motivation is the process of working to
achieve the rewards that that come from carrying out
an activity rather from as a result of the activity.
• Comes from the pleasure one gets from the task itself
or from the sense of satisfaction in completing or
working on a task.
Redesign the task to make it more fun or interesting
57. ESP Game To Label Images
Truck
Red school bus
Red
Red school bus
• Example of playing the game
• Taboo words
59. What Makes a Contribution Fun?
Lessons from game design
Flow Criteria Principles of game design
Concentration Games should require concentration and the player should be able to concentrate
on the game
Challenge Be sufficiently challenging and match the player’s skill level
Skills Support player skill development and mastery
Control Support players sense of control over their actions
Clear Goals Provide the player with clear goals at appropriate time
Feedback Provide appropriate feedback at appropriate times
Immersion Players should experience deep but effortless involvement in the game
Social Interaction Games should support and create opportunities for social interaction
Mapping flow to principles of game design (from Sweetser & Wyeth, 2005)
61. Gamification
• Applying game-design thinking to non-game
applications
• Is the effect via fun (internal motivation) or
incentives (external motivations)?
62. Design Claims Re: Trade-offs Btw Intrinsic
& Extrinsic Motivation
• Adding a reward to an already interesting task will
cause people to be less interested in the task and to
perform it less often.
• While tangible rewards reduce intrinsic motivations for
interesting activities, verbal rewards enhance intrinsic
motivation.
• Verbal rewards will not enhance intrinsic motivation
and may undermine it while they are judged as
controlling.
• Verbal rewards enhance intrinsic motivations most
when they enhance the target‘s perceptions of
competence
63. Design Jam
• Groups of 4
• Task
– Redesign of one thing of
• request for review,
• reviewing page on APS/WI site
– Sample Interface for reviewing page:
http://hciresearch2.hcii.cs.cmu.edu/~rfarzan/wikipedia/tool/re
view/review.php?&cond=1 (also on next slide)
– Say which slides justify your proposal.
– Mockup your proposal.
– 15 minutes for Jam
– Readout
• Show your mockup and narrate it: 1 minute!
67. Externalities
• Alice's adoption or production decisions have direct
or indirect effects on Bob's adoption or production
decisions
• Alice's decisions create costs and benefits external to her
• e.g., Size of telephone, email, and fax networks
• e.g., Complementary products—hardware & software
• e.g., Second hand smoke & other pollution
68. Positive Externalities in Napster
• Probability of a song appearing on Napster increased
with the number of users, at a declining rate
69. Negative Externalities in Napster
• Measures of congestion in Napster increased with the
number of users, at an increasing rate
70. Network Externalities in OLCs
• Negative externalities
– Server congestion; competition for attention
• Positive externalities
– People to interact with
– Content they produce
– Identity value
71. Implications of Positive Network
Externalities
• Winner-take-all competition between networks
• Need for critical mass
– minimum number of users that makes others want to join (or
not quit)
74. Getting to Critical Mass
• Leveraging Early Members
• Attracting Early Members
75. Getting to Critical Mass
• Leveraging Early Members
• Attracting Early Members
76. Join Now or Wait?
• Early members especially important
• Model provides insights into how to attract
utility (join now) =
participation_benefitstage1
- startup_cost
+ success_probability * (participation_benefitstage2 + early_adopter_benefit)
utility(wait) =
success_probability * (participation_benefitstage2 - startup_cost)
• Join now if utility(join_now) > utility(wait)
utility(join now) - utility(wait) =
participation_benefitstage1
– startup_cost * (1 – success_probability)
+ early_adopter_benefit * success_probability
77. Implications: Where to Look for Solutions
• Increase immediate benefits
util(join now) - util(wait) =
participation_benefitstage1
– startup_cost
* (1 – success_probability)
+ (early_adopter_benefit *
success_probability)
78. Implications: Where to Look for Solutions
• Increase immediate benefits
• Reduce effort to join
util(join now) - util(wait) =
participation_benefitstage1
– startup_cost
* (1 – success_probability)
+ (early_adopter_benefit *
success_probability)
79. Implications: Where to Look for Solutions
• Increase immediate benefits
• Reduce effort to join
• Promise future benefits to util(join now) - util(wait) =
early adopters participation_benefitstage1
– startup_cost
* (1 – success_probability)
+ (early_adopter_benefit *
success_probability)
80. Implications: Where to Look for Solutions
• Increase immediate benefits
• Reduce effort to join
• Promise future benefits to util(join now) - util(wait) =
early adopters participation_benefitstage1
– startup_cost
• Set expectations: probability * (1 – success_probability)
of success + (early_adopter_benefit *
success_probability)
81. Implications: Where to Look for Solutions
• Increase immediate benefits
• Reduce effort to join
• Promise future benefits to util(join now) - util(wait) =
early adopters participation_benefitstage1
– startup_cost
• Set expectations: probability * (1 – success_probability)
of success + (early_adopter_benefit *
success_probability)
• Conditional commitments
82. Implications: Where to Look for Solutions
• Increase immediate benefits
• Reduce effort to join
• Promise future benefits to util(join now) - util(wait) =
early adopters participation_benefitstage1
– startup_cost
• Set expectations: probability * (1 – success_probability)
of success + (early_adopter_benefit *
success_probability)
• Conditional commitments
• What's not worth focusing
on
– Expectation setting: stage 2
value if successful
83. Implications: Where to Look for Solutions
• Increase immediate
benefits
• Reduce effort to join util(join now) - util(wait) =
• Promise future benefits to participation_benefitstage1
– startup_cost
early adopters * (1 – success_probability)
• Set expectations: + (early_adopter_benefit *
success_probability)
probability of success
• Conditional commitments
• What's not worth focusing
on
– Expectation setting: stage 2
value if successful
84. Increase Immediate Benefits
• DC25: Productivity, Entertainment or Commerce
– E.g., Flickr offers picture storage and
management, services that are useful to the user even
if nobody else is using Flickr.
• DC26: Professionaly generated content
• DC27: Syndicated content
• DC28: Professional staff contributions
85. 45 300
Staff posts
40
Member posts
250
35 Active members
Current member count
30 Key Dates 200
Messages posted
25
150
20
15 100
10
50
5
0 0
Contest 1
Contest 2
Contest 5
Fishtanks
Contest 6
Feb 15
Thread 1
Thread 2
Contests 3, 4
Resnick, Paul, Janney, Adrienne, Buis, Lorriane R, and Caroline R Richardson, ―Adding
an online community to an Internet-mediated walking program. Part 2: Strategies for
encouraging community participation‖. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2010.
12(4):e72.
86. Increase Immediate Benefits
• DC25: Productivity, Entertainment or Commerce
• DC26: Professionally generated content
• DC27: Syndicated content
• DC28: Professional Staff contributions
• DC30: (as a last resort)
• DC31: Bots
87. Promise future benefits to early adopters
• DC 32: Future discounts to the early adopters
– E.g., lower rates for life
• DC 35: Limited resources that tempt users to join early
– E.g., status & recognition with being an early adopter
– E.g., users sign up first to claim their username
• DC 36: Privileges
– E.g., administrator status
• Identity rewards
– "Won't you be proud that you helped this get off the ground?"
88. Expectation Setting:
Presenting Success at Different Stages
• DC43: Small and slow growing
– Display new members and content
• DC44: Small and fast growing
– Display percentage growth
• DC45: Big
– Display absolute numbers
91. Summary
• The Challenges
– Identifying a Niche
– Defending the Niche
– Getting to Critical Mass
• Leveraging Early Members
• Attracting Early Members
92. Attracting Early Members
• Increase immediate
benefits
• Reduce effort to join
• Promise future benefits util(join now) - util(wait) =
to early adopters participation_benefitstage1
– startup_cost *
• Set expectations: (1 – success_probability)
probability of success + (early_adopter_benefit *
• Conditional success_probability)
commitments
• What's not worth focusing
on
– Expectation setting: stage 2
value if successful
93. Challenge: Make Design Suggestions for
Getting a Specific Community to Critical
Mass
• SuccessfulOnlineCom • Increase immediate
munities.com benefits
• Or a community that • Promise future
someone in your benefits to early
group is trying to adopters
launch • Set expectations:
probability of
success
• Conditional
commitments
95. More information
Robert Kraut Paul Resnick
robert.kraut@cmu.edu presnick@umich.edu
www.cs.cmu.edu/~kraut presnick.people.si.umich.edu
Editor's Notes
In the first attempt, the link in the email was to the “Find Article” page and they had to first search for an article that would interest them with no pre-selection of relevant articles and then they had to click on “Review Now” button to view the review form and submit their reviews. Here is an example message we sent:Dear Hetz3486,The APS Wikipedia initiative has attracted a lot of enthusiasm so far, with more than 300 psychologists editing over 1000 Wikipedia articles. Psychology articles on Wikipedia are important, the typical article was visited more than 10,000 times over last six months. To ensure that the public will see high quality information, it is important for expert psychologists to evaluate the degree to which Wikipedia articles are comprehensive, accurate, well-written, and unbiased. You can help by assessing an article in your area of expertise and answering the following questions about it:Is the article accurate?Does this article provide enough detail about its topic?Does this article represent recent research in this area?Does this article provide adequate references to key research in the field?Is this article well-written and well structured?To submit your assessment of the article:Use the Find Articles section to browse articles in your area of interest or search for articles by keyword.Click on an article title to see its preview and information about its current status.Click on Review now button on the right side of the page to open the reviewing or form and enter the responses to the above questions in the comment box.
This is an example template on article’s talk page, identifying this particular article as the COTW target
During collaboration periods, non-self-identifiededitors increased their contributions.
The interaction effect is highly significant. p < 0.001Support our hypothesis that self-identified group members will voluntarily follow group directions and perform goal-related tasks.