ICT DBA3 03 0710 Design Program Logic.pptx

TTLM Code: ICT DBA3 05 0710
UC : Design A Database 1

1. Attendance (10%)
2. Quizzes:- (10%)
3. Theory exam (30%) 5/5/2015
4. Lab Assessment (50%) 8/5/2015

LO1: Select the Program Design Approach
LO2: Document the program logic or design
LO3: Validate the Design

1.1 Obtaining Design Documentation and
Requirement for the Program Clarification
1.1.1Pseudo code
 Pseudocode is an informal high-level
description of the operating principle of a
computer program or other algorithm.
UC : Design A Database
4

 Pseudocode
English-like representation of a program
It could be viewed as the outline of a program
It can’t be compiled or executed.
The focus is on solving the problem, not
worrying about the specifics of a
programming Language.

 It uses the structural conventions of a
programming language, but is intended for
human reading rather than machine reading.
 Pseudocode typically omits details that are not
essential for human understanding of the
algorithm, such as variable declarations,
system-specific code and some subroutines.

 The programming language is augmented with
natural language description details, where
convenient, or with compact mathematical
notation.
 The purpose of using pseudocode is that it is
easier for people to understand than conventional
programming language code, and that it is an
efficient and environment-independent
description of the key principles of an algorithm.

 It is commonly used in textbooks and scientific
publications that are documenting various
algorithms, and also in planning of computer
program development, for sketching out the
structure of the program before the actual coding
takes place

 When we write programs, we assume that the
computer executes the program starting at the
beginning and working its way to the end. We call
this sequence
 SEQUENCE is a linear progression where one
task is performed sequentially after another.
In pseudo code it look like this

Statement 1;
Statement 2;
Statement 3;
Statement 4;
Statement 5 ;
Example, for making a cup of tea:
Organize everything together;
Plug in kettle;
Put teabag in cup;
Put water into kettle;
Wait for bottle to boil;
Add water to cup;
Remove teabag with spoon/fork/;
Add milk and /or sugar;
Serve;

 What if we need to tell the computer to keep
doing something until some condition occurs?
Let’s say we wish to indicate that you need to
keep filling the kettle with water until it is full.
We call this a loop.
 WHILE is a loop (repetition) with a simple
conditional test at its beginning Or, in general

While (<condition>)
Do <Statements>;
Endwhile;
As we could state this as:
While (Kettle is not
full)
Do keep filling Kettle;
EndWhile;
Example, above:
Organize everything together;
Plug in kettle;
Put teabag in cup;
While (Kettle is not full)
Do keep filling Kettle;
EndWhile;
Wait for bottle to boil;
Add water to cup;
Remove teabag with spoon/fork/;
Add milk and /or sugar;
Serve;

 What if we want to make a choice, for example,
do we want add sugar or not to the tea? We call
this selection.
 IF-THEN-ELSE is a decision (selection) in
which a choice is made between two alternative
courses of action.

 A flow chart is a graphical or symbolic
representation of a process.
 Each step in the process is represented by a
different symbol and contains a short
description of the process step.
 The flow chart symbols are linked together with
arrows showing the process flow direction.

• Pictorial representation of a program
• Can be created with pencil and paper,
Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Visio (a copy
of this is in the back of the Farrell book), etc.
• For this class, all flowcharts must be done in
Visio

1) Sequence
2) Selection
3) Repetition

1) Sequence

2) Selection

1) Sequence:
These is the types of control structure in
which program flows from top to bottom
sequentially without changing the flow of
program execution.
None of the program statements are
skipped or repeated. Every statements are
executed one after another.

#include
int main ( )
{
int a=5,b=3,c;
c=a+b;
printf(“Value is
%d”, c);
return 0;
}
Here, in this above
program example, every
statements are executed
line by line from top left
to right bottom.
None of the statements
are skipped and repeated.

3) Repetition

 A program is required to read three numbers, add
them together and print their total.
 Pseudo code
Add_three_numbers
Read number1, number2, number3
Total = number1 + number2 + number3
Print total
END

Input Processing Output
Number1
Number2
Number3
Read three numbers
Add number together
Print total number
total
Defining diagram

#include
int main ( )
{
int a=5,b=3,c;
c=a+b;
printf(“Value is %d”, c);
return 0;
}

 The following flow
chart example
presents a very simple
flow chart for the
process of getting out
of bed in the morning.

 A program is required to prompt the terminal
operator for the maximum and minimum
temperature readings on a particular day,
accept those readings as integers, and calculate
and display to the screen the average
temperature, calculated by (maximum
temperature + minimum temperature)/2.

Input Processing Output
Max_temp
Min_temp
Prompt for temperatures
Get temperatures
Calculate average temperature
Display average temperature
total
Defining diagram

Pseudo code
Find average_temperature
Prompt operator for max_temp, min_temp
Get max_temp, min_temp
Avg_temp= (max_Temp + min_temp)/2
Output avg_temp to the screen
END

Flow Chart

 https://www.filehorse.com/download-visual-
paradigm-community-edition/

ICT DBA3 03 0710 Design Program Logic.pptx

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