Iceland harnesses geothermal energy for electricity generation, heating homes and buildings, aquaculture, and greenhouse agriculture. Iceland's geothermal resources have enabled it to become nearly 100% independent for electricity and heating. Recent projects like the Iceland Deep Drilling Project are tapping into high-pressure steam from magma to generate electricity. Icelandic companies are also conducting genetic research on the population to identify genes associated with diseases and develop new treatments.

1. ICELAND

2. Recent Technological
Advancements
1. Introduction
2. Geothermal Energy
3. Its Applications
 Electricity generation
 Snow melting
 Aquaculture
 Green house agriculture.
4. Present status of geothermal energy
5. Scope of geothermal energy in other
countries.

4.  Iceland is a Nordic island country located between the north
Atlantic and the Arctic ocean.
 Geologically, Iceland was created by rifting and
accumulation through volcanism along the ridge. Due to this
there is widespread availability of geothermal power &
hydro power which is responsible for various technological
advancements in the country.
 The country has also invested in a few genetic engineering
projects, in an attempt to discover the root causes and
potential cures for the world’s worst diseases.
 Compact society

5. • Iceland : Energy
 Iceland is 99.99% electicity Independent
-All this electricity comes from Renewable sources .
 Iceland is 90% heating power Independent
-All this heating comes from geothermal sources .
 Iceland is 99% transport fuel Dependent
-All this fuel are imported oil products .

6. 2) Geothermal Energy
Definition
Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and
stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is the energy that
determines the temperature of matter. The geothermal
energy of the Earth's crust originates from the original
formation of the planet (20%) and from radioactive
decay of materials (80%).

7. • Utilization of Geothermal Energy
2014 In Iceland

8. Applications
Electricity
Generation
Snow Melting
&
House Heating
Aquaculture
Green House
Cultivation

9. a) Electricity Generation
 Generating electricity with geothermal energy has
increased significantly in recent years. As a result of a
rapid expansion in Iceland's energy intensive industry,
the demand for electricity has increased considerably.
 figure shows the development from 1970-2013. The
installed generation capacity of geothermal power
plants totalled 665 MWe in 2013 and the production
was 4,600 GWh, or 24.5% of the country's total
electricity production.

10. • Iceland Deep Drilling
Project(IDDP)
 Initiated in the year 2000 by a group of three
Icelandic companies,HS orka,Landsvirkjun(LV) and
Orkuveita Reykkjavikur(OR)
 Aim : To investigate the economic feasibility of
producing electricity from supercritical geothermal
reservoirs.
 The Icelandic Deep Drilling Project is drilling shafts
into volcanic bedrock up to 5 km (3.1 miles) deep
and capturing the intense heat .
 IDDP-1, became the first of many wells drilled in
Iceland to explore geothermal sources of energy for
a power plant called Krafla
.

11.  This new method of using magma to generate high-
pressure steam over 450 degrees celsius (842
degrees Fahrenheit) sets a world record for highest
geothermal heat and it was the first time heat from
molten magma was used to produce electricity .
 The IDDP-1 well generated about 36 megawatts of
electricity, enough to power about 36,000 homes.It's
more than the average wind turbine, which generate
about 1 to 3 megawatts each.
 Green Technology : Geothermal power is both
renewable and sustainable.Geothermal plants emit
about 5% carbondioxide , 1% sulfurdioxide , and less
than 1% of nitrous oxide and certain types of
geothermal plants produce near-zero emissions.

13. Iceland : IDDP plants

14. b) Snow Melting & House
Heating
 The total area covered by snow melting systems in
Iceland is estimated to be about 740,000 m2 , of
which about 460,000 m2 are in Reykjavik.
 Geothermal hot water is used for heating houses
 Geothermal water, after being used for heating
houses, was released into the drain system of the
city. The return water, at 32/C, contains a lot of
energy.
 The total geothermal energy used for snow melting
is estimated to be 320 GWh per year.

15. c) Aquaculture
 Aquaculture in Iceland was initially practiced in land-
based plants using geothermal water at 20-50°C to heat
fresh water by heat exchangers, typically from 5°C to
12°C.
 To elevate temperatures in the hatching and early
development stages of all farmed species.
 Fish farming accounts for 4% of Iceland’s total
geothermal energy use
 Cod and salmon salty or brackish moved to cold water
when they reach a certain size
 Arctic char and algae are raised at elevated temperatures
in land-based plants until harvested.

16. d) Green House Agriculture
 Iceland's geothermal energy resources make it the
perfect location for greenhouse production.
 Icelandic greenhouses offer opportunities to produce
high-quality crops that are based on:
 Zero carbon footprint
 Pesticide-free growth
 Low cost production
 Plentiful land
 Main Crops
potatoes, turnips, carrots, cabbage, kale, cauliflower,
green peppers, tomatoes (fruit not vegetable)

17. Current greenhouse projects
ORF Genetics
Geogreenhouse.inc
Advantages to country
1. Natural resources can be better used, and above
all, in a sustainable and eco-compatible way, in order
to obtain agricultural production even in harsh and
difficult geographical contexts.
2. Exports

18. • CarbFix project
-turning co2 into solid rock
 Scientists had injected hundreds of tons of water
and carbon dioxide gas1,500 feet down into layers
of porous basaltic rock, the product of ancient lava
flows from the nearby Hengill volcano.
 Sandra Snaebjornsdottir, a doctoral professor was
looking for signs that the CO2 had combined with
elements in the basalt and become calcite, a solid
crystalline mineral.
 Economical at large scale storage
 A solution to the increased Global Warming

19. 4. Present Status of
Geothermal Energy

20. 5.Scope of Geothermal
Energy

23.  most genetically homogeneous countries on earth.
 Iceland's great genetic experiment, an attempt to mine
the gene pool of an entire country in search of the root
causes of--and potential cures for--some of the world's
worst diseases.
 Last month, deCODE announced that it had found a
gene that boosts the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
Genetic Innovation

24.  deCODE Genetics, the company Stefansson co-
founded in his home city of Reykjavík, has discovered
more than a dozen genes linked to diseases ranging
from stroke to schizophrenia.
 modern Reykjavík headquarters now holds blood
samples from about 100,000 individuals, roughly half
of Iceland's adult population.
 Using those samples, scientists at the company were
able to zero in on their new anti-heart-attack
compound. It's based on a gene known as LTA4H, first
seen in mice, which governs the production of an
enzyme called leukotriene A4 hydrolase. The enzyme
plays a role in inflammation, a key factor in heart
disease, and also encourages the buildup of
cholesterol.

25.  Icelanders with a particular variant of the LTA4H gene
turn out to be 40% more likely than average to have
heart attacks. Looking outside the country, deCODE
scientists found the variant gene in other populations--
and discovered that in African Americans the increased
risk is not 40% but a whopping 250%.That suggests
the company's prospective drug could have a
correspondingly large lifesaving
 within a few weeks, the company started the final
phase of trials for a drug based on a newly identified
heart-attack gene that appears to be
especially dangerous in African Americans.

26. Generation
Of
Electricity

27.  most genetically homogeneous countries on earth.
 Iceland's great genetic experiment, an attempt to mine
the gene pool of an entire country in search of the root
causes of--and potential cures for--some of the world's
worst diseases.
 Last month, deCODE announced that it had found a
gene that boosts the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
Genetic Innovation

28.  deCODE Genetics, the company Stefansson co-
founded in his home city of Reykjavík, has discovered
more than a dozen genes linked to diseases ranging
from stroke to schizophrenia.
 modern Reykjavík headquarters now holds blood
samples from about 100,000 individuals, roughly half
of Iceland's adult population.
 Using those samples, scientists at the company were
able to zero in on their new anti-heart-attack
compound. It's based on a gene known as LTA4H, first
seen in mice, which governs the production of an
enzyme called leukotriene A4 hydrolase. The enzyme
plays a role in inflammation, a key factor in heart
disease, and also encourages the buildup of
cholesterol.

29.  Icelanders with a particular variant of the LTA4H gene
turn out to be 40% more likely than average to have
heart attacks. Looking outside the country, deCODE
scientists found the variant gene in other populations--
and discovered that in African Americans the increased
risk is not 40% but a whopping 250%.That suggests
the company's prospective drug could have a
correspondingly large lifesaving
 within a few weeks, the company started the final
phase of trials for a drug based on a newly identified
heart-attack gene that appears to be
especially dangerous in African Americans.