I.C. External and Internal Criticism; Repositories of Primary Sources, and Different Kinds of Primary Sources.pptx

External and Internal Criticism;
Repositories of Primary Sources, &
Different Kinds of Primary Sources
G E 2 R E A D I N G S I N P H I L I P P I N E H I S T O R Y
I . D e f i n i t i o n , S o u r c e s a n d M e t h o d o l o g y
Pangasinan State University
U r d a n e t a C i t y C a m p u s

Learning Objectives:
• Students will learn to differentiate between external and
internal criticism techniques, enabling them to critically
assess the reliability and context of primary sources.
• Students will develop the skill to navigate repositories of
primary sources effectively.
• Through exposure to various types of primary sources,
students will broaden their understanding of historical
events, perspectives, and interpretations.

3. The quality of being trusted and believed in
2. Account of the past of a person, or a group of people
through written documents and historical evidence.
1. Considered as the raw materials of history
4. It includes examining the source’s physical appearance
5. A person who has the job of collecting and
storing the materials in an archive
Pretest: Fix Me
MIRRYPA SSCOERU
YORTSHI
IIIRBDECYLT
SCIIRAVTH
LEEARXTN TIIICCSRM
Direction: Arrange the scrambled letters to form the word that is being described.

7. Deals with the credibility and reliability of the content of
a source
6. Refers to the proven fact that something is legitimate or
real
10. A building or room containing collections
of books, periodicals, and sometimes films
and recorded music for people to read,
borrow, or refer to
8. A place, building, or receptacle where things are or may
be stored
9. An object made by a human being, typically an item of
cultural or historical interest.
HIAEIUTTTNYC
EAITNLR CSTIIICRM
TITAAFRC
YTRROIOSEP
IRRLBYA

Pretest: Fix Me
Key Answers
1. PRIMARY SOURCES
2. HISTORY
3. CREDIBILITY
4. EXTERNAL CRITICISM
5. ARCHIVIST
6. AUTHENTICITY
7. INTERNAL CRITICISM
8. REPOSITORY
9. ARTIFACT
10.LIBRARY

External and Internal
Criticism

Historical Method
process of probing primary sources
that will be used in writing history
Importance of Internal
& External Criticism
• Use of unverified, falsified, and
untruthful historical sources can lead
to equally false conclusions.
• Without thorough criticisms of
historical evidences, historical
deception and lies will be highly
probable

Evaluation of Historical
Sources
• Credibility – defined as the quality or
power of inspiring belief
• Authenticity – refers to the proven
fact that something is legitimate or real
• Provenance – refers to the source of
information such as entities and
procession involved in producing or
delivering artifacts
Historical Sources
are original sources that contain
important historical information

IT DETERMINES THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE SOURCE
OR DOCUMENT BY EXAMINING ITS PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS, CONSISTENCY WITH THE
HISTORICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TIME WHEN IT
WAS PRODUCED, AND THE MATERIAL USED OR THE
EVIDENCE.
External Criticism
LOWER CRITICISM

Internal Criticism
HIGHER CRITICISM
FOCUSES ON UNDERSTANDING THE SUBSTANCES
AND MESSAGE THAT THE HISTORICAL MATERIAL
WANTS TO CONVEY BY EXAMINING HOW THE
AUTHOR FRAMED THE INTENT AND MEANING OF A
COMPOSED MATERIAL.

Repositories of Primary
Sources

1 National Library
N AT I O N A L L I B R A R Y O F T H E P H I L I P P I N E S
• Iestablished as the Museo-Biblioteca de Filipinas through
the royal decree of August 12, 1887.
• repository of the printed and recorded cultural heritage
of the country and other intellectual, literary resources
and information sources.

2National Archives
N AT I O N A L A R C H I V E S O F T H E P H I L I P P I N E S
• Its main responsibility is to preserve the primary sources of
information on Philippine history, the basic components of
cultural heritage and collective memory.
• Treaty of Paris (December 10, 1898) established the Office of
Archives, formerly Spanish Division of Archives.
• National Archives of the Philippines Act of 2007 (R.A. 9470)

3
• ·Asian Institute of Management
• ·Ateneo de Manila University
• ·De La Salle University
• ·University of Asia and the Pacific
• ·University of the Philippines Diliman
• ·University of the Philippines Los Banos
• ·University of the Philippines Manila
• University of Santo Tomas Espana, Manila
Academic Institutions

4Religious Congregations
5Privately owned museums and archives
·

personal letters, autobiographies, diaries,
journals, wills, books, government
documents, literature of all kinds, laws,
and court decisions.

these capture moments in time and can
provide evidence of changes over time.
death march. first republic day

painting, sculpture, print, or any original
artistic piece
human-made or human-designed objects.
spoliarium sandugo

include religious sermons, theatrical
performances, songs and music,
interviews, as well as oral story telling
traditions

Summary
• In studying history, evaluating the credibility, authenticity, and origin of
historical sources is crucial. External and internal criticism are two methods used
for this purpose. External criticism focuses on the physical characteristics and
origin of the source, while internal criticism assesses the reliability of the
content.
• Repositories play a vital role in preserving and providing access to primary
sources. These institutions include national libraries, national archives,
universities, religious organizations, and private museums and archives.
• Primary sources come in various forms, including texts, images, artifacts or
artwork, and audiovisual materials. These diverse types of sources provide
valuable insights into the past and allow researchers to gain a comprehensive
understanding of history.

1.Which of the following best defines external criticism?
a. Analyzing the source's intentions of the author.
b. Examining the source's physical condition and authenticity.
c. Assessing the source's impact on historical events.
2.Which of the following is an example of internal criticism?
a. Analyzing the biases of the source's author.
b. Investigating the secondary sources.
c. Assessing the source's physical condition.
Post Test: Choose Me
A. Direction: Choose the correct option for each multiple-choice question below.

3.Why are repositories significant in studying history?
a. They provide coffee shops for researchers.
b. They house primary source materials for preservation and access.
c. They publish historical research papers.
4.What is the historical value of a personal diary as a primary source?
a. It provides a comprehensive overview of the country’s historical events.
b. It offers insights into the thoughts and experiences of an individual
during a specific period.
c. It offers a critical evaluation of secondary sources.

5.How does a photograph typically contribute to our understanding of the past?
a. It provides a detailed written account of historical events.
b. It captures visual representations of people, places, and events.
c. It serves as a reliable source of statistical data.
6.What is the primary goal of internal criticism in historical research?
a. To identify the author of a primary source.
b. To evaluate the reliability and credibility of a primary source.
c. To analyze the physical condition of a primary source.

7.Which of the following is a common method of external criticism?
a. Examining the source's historical context.
b. Comparing multiple primary sources on the same topic.
c. Assessing the source's internal consistency.
8.Why is it important for historians to apply both internal and external criticism
to primary sources?
a. To increase the length of research papers.
b. Ensure that sources are written in a foreign language.
c. To provide a comprehensive evaluation of a source's
trustworthiness.

9. Which of the following is NOT a typical role of repositories or archives?
a. Preserving primary source materials.
b. Organizing reenactments
c. Offering research assistance to scholars.
10. What is the historical value of a government document, such as a treaty or
constitution?
a. It reflects the personal opinions of the author.
b. It provides a firsthand account of a historical event.
c. It offers insights into government policies and decisions

11. Negative Internal Criticism is about questioning critically the good faith,
motive, competence, accuracy, and even the author’s knowledge of the topic
covered.
a.LEGIT b. Life c. Thing
12. Primary Sources are stored, preserved, accessed from institutions and sites
tasked and dedicated to giving an accurate and clear perspective of the future.
a.LEGIT b. Past c. Present
Direction: Choose LEGIT if the underlined word is true, and if false, select the correct
word or words to make the statement true.

13. National Archives of the Philippines Act of 2005 (R.A. 9470) is an act to
strengthen the system of management and administration of archival records,
establishing for the purpose the national archives of the Philippines, and other
purposes.
a.LEGIT
b.National Archives of the Philippines Act of 2005 (R.A. 9450)
c.National Archives of the Philippines Act of 2007 (R.A. 9470)
14. The National Library of the Philippines was established as the
Museo-Biblioteca de Filipinas through the royal
decree of August 22, 1887.
a.LEGIT b. August 12, 1887 c. August 2, 1878

15. The National Archives of the Philippines is notable for being the home of the
original copies of the defining works of José Rizal: Noli Me Tangere, El
Filibusterismo, and Mi último adiós, and so more.
a.LEGIT
b.National Museum of the Philippines
c.National Library of the Philippines
16. Provenanse refers to the source of information such as entities and
procession involved in producing or delivering artifacts.
a.LEGIT b. Proneness c. Provenance

17. Artifacts are human-made or human-designed objects.
a.LEGIT b. Human-design c. Human remains
18. On December 10, 1898, the Threats of Paris established the Office of
Archives, formerly the Spanish Division of Archives, under the American
Authority.
a.LEGIT b. Treat of Paris c. Treaty of Paris

19. The historical method is the process of proving primary sources that will be
used in writing history.
a.LEGIT b. Probing c. Proofing
20. Religious Congress are groups of men or women who have chosen to express
their Christian commitment by living in the community and taking lifelong vows -
usually vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
a.LEGIT
b. Religiose Congregation
c. Religious Congregation

1. B
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. B
10. C
Key Answers
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. B
15. C
16. C
17. A
18. C
19. B
20. C

Homework: Complete Me
Direction: Complete the crossword puzzle by filling in the correct words using the provided clues.
Across Down

Homework: Complete Me
Key Answers
Across Down

https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper_06.pdf
https://www.mn.catholic.org.au/church-mission/catholic-
life/religious-congregations/
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E56917_01/cs9pbr4/eng/cs/lsfn/task_
DefiningAcademicInstitutions-ab5850.html#topofpage
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/National_library

Miscka Adelle Alagano Saint Cris Cabadin Erich Garcia Arjay Mendez
P A N G A S I N A N S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y
U r d a n e t a C i t y C a m p u s
Bachelor of Secondary Education
Major in Filipino

I.C. External and Internal Criticism; Repositories of Primary Sources, and Different Kinds of Primary Sources.pptx

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