about the history of the Philippines

2. ATTENTION! Open this link for the video discussion I made
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1b-QU_SP-
wcg8L0z_hTRGl2h2FHZw1fvx?usp=sharing

3. Module 1:
Learning History

4. Meaning of History

5. WHAT IS HISTORY?

6. The term "history" came from the Greek verb "historia,"
which meaning "to know" (P. Durkin). Historia, which
initially signified inquiry, the process of seeking
information, and the knowledge gained via
investigation.

7. History is all that is remembered from the past and
became a body of knowledge. A history book is a
narrative account of past events. The study of past
human events and how they were recorded and
interpreted.

8. A story of past events, traces of past
conditions arranged in chronological
order.

9. It is the continuous process of interaction
between the historian and his facts.

10. A guide for action in the present and for
plans in the future.

11. Nature of History

12. History is interpretive

13. History is revisionist in
scope

14. History is a constant process
of questioning

15. History is integrative

16. History is inclusive

17. History is relevant

18. Relevanceof
History

19. 1.To learn about the past.
History enables people to discover
and learn about the challenges of people
around the world in different periods of
time.

20. 2.To understand the present.
The more knowledge we gain of the
past the more insights we have into the
present.

21. 3.To appreciate your heritage.
It helps us to value these
contributions that are foundation of our
culture and tradition, and is the
foundation of our future generation.

22. 4.To broaden your
perspectives.

23. 5.To acquire background for
critical thinking and
analysis.

24. Module 2:
Understanding Sources

25. Sources of
History

26. Primary Source

27. Primary sources are materials
produced by people or groups
directly involved in the event or
topic being studied.
They are either participants or
witness.

28. Types of Primary Sources:
1.Autobiographies and memoirs
2.Diaries, personal letters, and correspondence
3.Interviews, surveys, and fieldwork
4.Photographs
6.Speeches and oral histories

29. Secondary Source

30. Testimony of anyone who is not an
eyewitness – that is of one who was not
present at the event of which he tells.
Secondary information is filtered through
someone else’s perspective.
These are books, articles and scholarly
journals that had interpreted primary sources
or had used them to discuss certain subjects
of history.

31. Types of Secondary Sources
1.Bibliographies
2.Biographical works
3.Periodicals (Newspaper, magazine and journal)
4.Literature reviews and review articles

32. Tertiary Source

33. These are sources that index, abstract,
organize, compile, or digest other sources. Some
reference materials and textbooks are considered
tertiary sources when their chief purpose is to
list, summarize or simply repackage ideas or
other information. Tertiary sources are usually
not credited to a particular author.

34. Examples of Tertiary Sources:
• Dictionaries/encyclopedias (may also be secondary),
• almanacs,
• fact books,
• Wikipedia,
• bibliographies (may also be secondary), directories,
• guidebooks, manuals, handbooks, and textbooks (may be secondary),
• indexing and abstracting sources.

35. Criticisms in
History

36. Historical data has to be
examined to verify its
authenticity and truthfulness
through external and internal
criticism.

37. •External Criticism

38. External criticism refers to the
genuineness of the documents. It is
looking into the authenticity of
evidence by examining the physical
characteristics and historical
characteristics of the documents.

39. The following are series of questions to establish the genuineness of a
document or relic according to Key (1997).
a.Does the language and writing style conform to the period in question and is it
typical of other work done by the author?
b.Is there evidence that the author exhibits ignorance of things or events that man of
his training and time should have known?
c.Did he report about things, events, or places that could have been known during the
period?
d.Has the original manuscript been altered either intentionally or unintentionally by
copying?
e.Is the document an original draft or a copy?

40. •Internal Criticism

41. Internal criticism refers to the
meaning and truthfulness of the
documents. It talks about the value
and worth of its contents.

42. The following are series of questions to establish
the meaning and truthfulness according to Key
(1997.
a.What was meant by the author by each word and statement?
b.How much credibility can the author’s statements be given?

43. THANK YOUUU!
Prepared by:
Kayvett Azryll D. Andres, LPT
Instructor, GEC 2 (Readings Philippine History)
Isabela State University-City of Ilagan Campus