Presented at IBM Systems Technical University in Orlando

1. © Copyright IBM Corporation 2015. Technical University/Symposia materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
cIS4107
IBM Spectrum Scale for File and Object storage
Tony Pearson
Master Inventor and Senior IT Specialist
IBM Corporation

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IBM.
Abstract
IBM is ranked #1 in Software Defined Storage, and the
latest release of IBM Spectrum Scale now offers additional
support for connecting files and objects with the rest of your
data center. Come learn how Spectrum Scale and Elastic
Storage Server can help you.

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This week with Tony Pearson
Day Time Topic
Monday 10:15am Opening Session – Storage
01:45pm IBM's Cloud Storage Options
Tuesday 11:30am Software Defined Storage -- Why? What? How?
03:15pm The Pendulum Swings Back –
Understanding Converged and Hyperconverged Environments
04:30pm New Generation of Storage Tiering:
Less Management Lower Cost and Increased Performance
Wednesday 09:00am What Is Big Data? Architectures and Practical Use Cases
01:45pm Data Footprint Reduction – Understanding IBM Storage Efficiency Options
03:15pm IBM Spectrum Virtualize – SVC, Storwize and FlashSystem V9000 (repeats Friday)
Thursday 10:15am IBM Spectrum Scale and Elastic Storage Offerings
01:45pm IBM Spectrum Scale for File and Object storage
03:15pm IBM Storage Integration with OpenStack
05:45pm Storage -- Meet the Experts
Friday 10:15am IBM Spectrum Virtualize – SVC, Storwize and FlashSystem V9000

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The Problem:
Islands of Block, File and Object level data
Volume-level Storage
OS-specific file systems on
block-based devices
Sharing requires file transfers
Provides “Context” for
Analytics of Social and Mobile
transactions
File-level Storage
NAS encourages sharing
across social networks
Desire for file sync-and-
share across desktops and
mobile
HDFS requires transfer
(ingest) from other sourcesJFS2
EXT4
NTFS
SMB
HDFS
NFS
Object-level Storage
New Web and Mobile apps
prefer Object-level access
Amazon S3
OpenStack
Swift

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Volume vs. File vs. Object level access
POSIX
Read record
Write record
Volume
Read block
Write block
SAN
or
LAN
LAN
or
WAN
File
Read record
Write record
LAN
or
WAN
Object
Get, Put,
Delete
NAS
Read record
Write record
HTTP
Get, Put
Delete

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IBM.
Why use IBM Spectrum Scale™
Extreme Scalability
Add or Remove nodes and
storage, without disruption or
performance impact to
applications
Universal Access to Data
All servers and clients have access to
data through a variety of file and object
protocols
High Performance
Parallel access with no hot spots
Proven Reliability
Used by over 200 of the top 500 Supercomputers
Survive any node or storage failure with Distributed
RAID and redundant components

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IBM.
IBM Spectrum Scale™ –
Software, Systems or Cloud Services
Software
• Install software on your
own choice of Industry
standard x86 or
POWER servers
Pre-built Systems
• Elastic Storage Server with
Erasure Coding
• Storwize V7000 Unified
Cloud Services
• Spectrum Scale can be
deployed on any Cloud
Scale

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IBM.
Spectrum Scale – Flexible File and Object Storage
FS1 FS256. . .Exabyte-Scale,
Global Namespace
for files and objects
One big file system or divide into as
many as 256 smaller file/object
systems
Each file system can
be further divided into
fileset containers
Flash and Disk LUNs
are called Network
Shared Disks (NSD) Metadata can be separated to
its own Pool or intermixed with
data
Files and objects
can be
migrated to Tape

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IBM.
IBM Spectrum Scale™ – Supported Topologies
Twin-tailed
SAN
Internal, Direct-Attach
Shared PoolsFPO Pools
NSD Servers
Access files on direct,
twin-tailed or SAN
attached disk
Can export files to
application nodes
File Placement
Optimization (FPO)
Servers
Access files on direct
attached disk
Exports files to other
FPO servers
External Clients
Access files via file and object
protocols over IP network
TCP/IP
NSD Clients
For Linux, AIX,
and Windows
Access files via
SAN, TCP/IP or
RDMA
TCP/IP or RDMA network

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IBM.
IBM Spectrum Scale™ replaces
other POSIX file systems
SAN
Direct-Attach
SAN-level Storage
JFS2
EXT4
NTFS
• Works like OS-specific file systems
• No file transfers required between OS
• Linux on x86, POWER and z Systems
TCP/IP or RDMA Network
Twin-tailed

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IBM.
IBM Spectrum Scale™ – More than just a file system!
ROBO
Other NFS
Other
Datacenters
Scale
Active File
Management
(AFM) caches
data to where it is
needed, can be
used to migrate
from other NFS
Hierarchical Storage
Management (HSM)
migrates infrequently
accessed files to tape,
automatically recalls back
when accessed
Local Read-Only Cache
(LROC) and Highly Available
Write Cache (HAWC) caches
the busiest blocks of files on
local flash
Disaster Recovery
(DR) asynchronously
mirrors data to remote
locations
Migrate/Recall Tape
NSD Client
Information Lifecycle
Management (ILM) moves
data across tiers of flash
and disk

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IBM.
IBM Spectrum Scale™ – Local Read-only Cache
NSD Client
Local Flash on NSD Clients
Automatically handles the flash cache so data is
transparently available to your application with very
low latency and no code changes
Accelerates I/O performance up to 6x by reducing
the amount of time CPUs wait for data
Improves application performance while keeping all
the manageability benefits of shared storage
Data is never stale
• Cache consistency ensured by standard tokens
• Data is protected by checksum and verified on read
• Write cache on two separate client nodes, or shared
fast storage device
Reduces Network Load
• Decreases the overall load on the IP network,
benefitting performance for others
Local Read-Only Cache
(LROC) and Highly-Available
Write Cache (HAWC) caches
the busiest blocks of files on
local flash

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IBM.
IBM Spectrum Scale™ – Policy Management
Migrate/Recall Tape
File Placement
When new files are created, the active
policy assigns it to the right pool – Flash,
15K, 10K or Nearline disk
Files can be marked for having
2 or 3 replicas
Files can be encrypted with
specific keys
File Expiration
Delete files automatically
after they are no longer
needed
File Movement (ILM)
Move files between pools
Based on age, size, heat, access
frequently or other criteria
File Movement (HSM)
Migrate files to an external pool
of tapes
Accessed files are automatically
recalled back to internal pool of
flash or disk
Hierarchical Storage
Management (HSM)
Information Lifecycle
Management (ILM)

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IBM.
IBM Spectrum Scale™ – Active File Management (AFM)
ROBO
Other
Datacenters
Scale
Cloud
Global Namespace
Shows entire file system, on flash, disk and
tape, across all locations
Pre-fetch or Pull on demand
Files can be periodically
pre-fetched in advance, or pulled on
demand when needed
WAN Caching
Files you use most often are cached to
your location for faster access and
availability to avoid WAN delays
NFS Data Migration
Use AFM to cache or migrate data
from other NFS filers
Active File
Management
(AFM)
Other NFS

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IBM Spectrum Scale on any Cloud
Active File
Management
Private VLAN
Scale
Scale
NSD Clients and Servers
can be deployed within a
Private VLAN on any Cloud

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IBM Spectrum Scale™ – Backup and Disaster Recovery
Disaster Recovery
(DR) asynchronously
mirrors data to remote
locations
Backup/Recover
FS1
snap1 snap2
Backup to External Media
• Files can be backed up to
IBM Spectrum Protect, or
third-party backup software
Asynchronous Mirror
• Use Active File Manager
across data center locations
• Specify appropriate RPO
Snapshots
• Up to 256 Snapshots of entire file system, and 256
Snapshots of each file set
• Read-Only, Space-Efficient
• Microsoft VSS Interface
• Writeable File Clones

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Native Encryption and Secure Erase
Application
Remote Key
Manager (RKM)
TCP/IP or
RDMA
Node-to-Node Encryption
Complies with NIST SP 800-131A
Data-at-Rest Encryption
• Files are encrypted by application node
• Each file assigned random File-key
• Master-key granularity by file or fileset, determined by
policies
• RKM stores Master-keys, and nodes must have
appropriate RKM credentials
• Data is encrypted from application node all the way to
NSD (flash or disk) media
• FIPS 140-2 certified
Secure Erase
• Files are cryptographically erased by deleting their
Master-key
• Files that “stay” are re-Mastered to new key

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SAN
Twin-tailed
Protocol Servers
NFS v3/v4
SMB2 / SMB3
AIX, Linux, Mac OS,
Windows, VMware,
z/OS, etc.
Feature of IBM Spectrum Scale on
Linux nodes
Share files with clients using NFS,
SMB and Object protocols
All nodes can share the same data
If Protocol Server Node fails client
connections are moved to another
server
Protocol Server Node(s) need “NSD
Server” License
External Clients need no Spectrum
Scale License
Clustered Protocol Servers for File and Object access
TCP/IP
OpenStack
Swift / S3

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No single-server performance
and bottleneck scaling limits
- NAS filers can be a bottleneck and
significantly impacts system
performance
No centralized metadata server
- Centralized metadata server can
be a performance bottleneck for
metadata intensive operations
TCP/IP Network
Network
File Server
Client
Nodes
Storage
Metadata
Data Data
Network
data
metadata
data
Centralized
Metadata
Server
) (
) (
IBM Spectrum Scale™ is different than
other clustered/distributed storage solutions

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IBM.
NFS v3 versus NFS v4
Feature NFS v3 NFS v4
Exports Each export mounted
separately
Pseudo File System
combines all exports
State Stateless, no tracking of
what clients open file
Stateful, server tracks
which clients open/close
Firewall Multiple ports required
for locking, status, etc.
Single port makes
NFS v4 “firewall-friendly”
Security 32-bit integers for user
and group identifiers
Strings@Domain
enables Kerberos
Character set ASCII-7 requires all
locales match
UTF-8 universal access
NFS v2 and v3 were originally developed by Sun Microsystems,
which later turned over control to IETF for NFS v4

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CIFS, SMB 2 and SMB 3
Feature SMB1, SMB2, SMB2.1 SMB 3
Availability Stateful retry Transparent Failover
SMB Scale-out
Connectivity TCP/IP, single channel TCP/IP or RDMA,
SMB Multichannel
Performance Client reads directory
metadata as needed
Client caches directory
metadata with Leasing
Encryption None Data In-flight AES-128
between client / server
Snapshot Interface None Volume Shadow Copy
Services (VSS)
CIFS – Part of Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 in 1996. SMB1 supersedes this version.
SMB1 – Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 and 2003 R2
SMB2 – Windows Vista (SP1 or later) and Windows Server 2008
SMB2.1 – Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2
SMB3 – Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012

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IBM Spectrum Scale™ solves “Dropbox problem”
for File Sync-and-Share
SAN
Internal,
Direct-Attach
No IT Control:
• Servers and storage
• Security
• Access control
• User provisioning
• Sensitive data
TCP/IP or RFMA Network
Twin-tailed

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HDFS
Namenode
Secondary
Namenode
IBM Spectrum Scale™ – File Placement Optimization
SAN
Internal, Direct-Attach
• Spectrum Scale avoids the need for a central namenode, a
common failure point in HDFS
• Avoid long recovery times in the event of namenode
failure
• Spectrum Scale can consist of a mix of FPO and standard
NSD servers, NSD client nodes, and Elastic Storage
Servers (ESS) in the same cluster
File Placement Optimization
(FPO)
Creates a “share nothing”
cluster similar to HDFS in
Hadoop environments
TCP/IP or RDMA

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Hadoop Analytics – HDFS vs IBM Spectrum Scale™
HDFS Save
Results
Discard
rest
IBM Hadoop
Connector allows
Map/Reduce
programs to process
data without
application changes
IBM Spectrum Scale
Application data
stored on IBM
Spectrum Scale
is readily available
for analytics
Save
Results
JFS2
NTFS
EXT4
Data Sources
mashup of structured and unstructured data
from a variety of sources
Actionable Insights
Provides answers to the
Who, What, Where, When,
Why and How
Business Intelligence
& Predictive Analytics
> Competitive Advantages
> New Threats and Fraud
> Changing Needs
and Forecasting
> And More!

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Share-Nothing versus Shared-Disk Deployments
Data
Data
Data Parity
Data
Data
Data
Copy
Copy
Copy
Copy
Copy
Copy
TCP/IP
or RDMA
Need more compute? Add
another node!
Spectrum Scale and Elastic Storage
Server reduce storage to one
RAID-protected copy of the data
Scale compute and storage
capacity separately
Spectrum Scale FPO
can keep 1,2 or 3
replicas of the data
Need more
storage capacity?
Add another
node!
3x versus 1.3x
TCP/IP
or RDMA

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SAN
Twin-tailed
Protocol Servers
NFS v3/v4
SMB2 / SMB3
AIX, Linux, Mac OS,
Windows, VMware,
z/OS, etc.
Feature of IBM Spectrum Scale on
Linux nodes
Share files with clients using NFS,
SMB and Object protocols
All nodes can share the same data
If Protocol Server Node fails client
connections are moved to another
server
Protocol Server Node(s) need “NSD
Server” License
External Clients need no Spectrum
Scale License
Clustered Protocol Servers for File and Object access
TCP/IP
OpenStack
Swift / S3

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IBM.
One Dashboard – One Cloud
Compute
• Hypervisors
• Virtual Machines
• VM images
Storage
• Volumes
• Objects
• File Systems
Shared Services
• Identity management
for users/passwords
• Usage Statistics
Metering
Network
• Focused on
TCP/IP based
networks
Users,
Developers,
Administrators
OpenStack software controls large pools of
compute, storage and networking resources
throughout a datacenter, managed through a
dashboard or via the OpenStack API
Dashboard
• GUI and CLI interfaces
• Orchestration • Private Cloud
• Public Cloud

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OpenStack terminology
Compute Storage Shared Services Network
Nova
• Hypervisors
• VM instances
Glance
• VM images
• Disk images
Cinder
• Volumes
Swift
• Objects
Manila
• File systems
Keystone
• Policy and authentication
services, users and passwords
Ceilometer
• Usage Statistics
Metering
Neutron
• VPN
• Firewall
• Load
Balancing
Heat
• Orchestration,
coordinate the
deployment of
resources for
an application
Horizon
• OpenStack
dashboard, a
web application
that runs on
Apache

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Spectrum Scale supports OpenStack environments
Glance
• VM images
• Disk images
Cinder
• Volumes
Swift
• Objects
Manila
• File systems
Global Name Space
Volume-on-file Object-on-file
• Create, Delete and Extend volumes
• Take snapshots (FlashCopy) and clones
• Volumes Images, Images Volumes
• Attach and Detach to/from VM instances
• Create and Delete containers in account
• Upload, Download and Delete objects
• List containers or objects in a container
• Display and update metadata
Keystone
• Access control

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OpenStack terminology – Storage
Cinder
• Volumes
Swift
• Objects
Manila
• File systems Provides coordinated access to shared or distributed file
systems. The primary consumption of file shares would be
across OpenStack Compute instances.
Block
LUN
Volume-
on-file
Volume-
on-object
Create, Delete and Extend volumes; take snapshots, images
and clones; attach/detach from VM instances
Create and Delete containers and
objects – Storing an object is like
“valet parking” your data
Object-
on-file
Object-on-
database

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Account / Container / Object architecture
Comparable
to a mount
point or root
directory
Comparable
to individual
files
Comparable
to a top level
directory

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Using OpenStack Swift

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TCP/IP or RDMA
IBM Spectrum Scale™ for file and object clients
SAN
Protocol Nodes
Twin-tailed
Elastic
Storage
Server
TCP/IP Network
Network load balancer
Combined
Proxy and
Storage
nodes
Storage nodes
Proxy nodes
OpenStack zones configured as
Spectrum Scale Failure Groups
Object:
OpenStack Swift
Swift S3

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Enables hybrid cloud data
protection, without gateway
appliances
New storage pool options within
IBM Spectrum Protect hierarchy
– On IBM SoftLayer cloud*
– On-premises native object
stores, such as IBM Spectrum
Scale
Uses OpenStack Swift interfaces
Data Center
On-premises
Storage Pools
Cloud Storage
Pools
IBM Spectrum
Protect Servers
Spectrum Protect -- New cloud and native object storage pools
* Other cloud services to be supported in future

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The Solution:
IBM Spectrum Scale™ brings it all together
Global Name Space
IBM Spectrum
Scale™ replaces
SAN-based file
systems
Replaces NTFS, EXT4,
JFS2 and other POSIX
file systems
Used by over 200 of the
top 500 supercomputers
No file transfers
required between
different OS
Can be used with
everything from
databases to video
streaming
For x86, POWER and
z System servers
Secure with
Data-at-rest encryption
IBM Spectrum Scale™ replaces HDFS and NAS file storage
Full Hadoop interfaces for Map/Reduce analytics processing
No transfer or ingest required as the data is already there
Fully protected with Backup Software
File-level access support for NFS, SMB, FTP, SCP and HTTPS
Supports File Sync-and-Share
via OwnCloud or Funambol
IBM Spectrum
Scale™ offers
Object access
Object-level access
based on OpenStack
Swift and Swift S3
interfaces
IBM Spectrum Scale™
supports all media
Spans flash, disk and tape
media

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IBM Software Defined Storage
Data Plane
IBM Software Defined Storage
Control Plane
IBM for Software Defined Storage
Control Protect
IBM ranked #1 in Software
Defined Storage with
40% market share in 2014
Accelerate Virtualize Scale Archive
Universal access to data
• Global Namespace with over 10
billion files
Proven Reliability
• Introduced as GPFS in 1998
• Over 1,000 production systems
High performance
• Over 400 GB/sec throughput on
single system
Extreme scalability
• Clusters with over 10,000 nodes
• File systems with over 30 PB of data

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Session Evaluations
YOUR OPINION MATTERS!
Submit four or more session
evaluations by 5:30pm Wednesday
to be eligible for drawings!
*Winners will be notified Thursday morning. Prizes must be picked up at
registration desk, during operating hours, by the conclusion of the event.
1 2 3 4

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Many Features are Common to Swift and Spectrum
Scale
Multi-tenant data
access and
management
ACLs
Role-based
Authentication
SSL/encryption
Multi-Region Geo-
replication
High-Availability
Flat namespace
Storage automation
Simplified
management
REST/HTTP
Mac/Windows/Linux
Swift/S3 API support
SDKs
User-defined metadata
and search capabilities Extensible Swift
Middleware
Versioning
Quotas
Expiration
Rate Limiting
Rolling upgrades

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IBM Tucson Executive Briefing Center
Tucson, Arizona is home for
storage hardware and software
design and development
IBM Tucson Executive
Briefing Center offers:
–Technology briefings
–Product demonstrations
–Solution workshops
Take a video tour!
– http://youtu.be/CXrpoCZAazg

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About the Speaker
Tony Pearson is a Master Inventor and Senior managing consultant for the IBM System Storage™ product line. Tony joined
IBM Corporation in 1986 in Tucson, Arizona, USA, and has lived there ever since. In his current role, Tony presents briefings
on storage topics covering the entire System Storage product line, Tivoli storage software products, and topics related to Cloud
Computing. He interacts with clients, speaks at conferences and events, and leads client workshops to help clients with
strategic planning for IBM’s integrated set of storage management software, hardware, and virtualization products.
Tony writes the “Inside System Storage” blog, which is read by hundreds of clients, IBM sales reps and IBM Business Partners
every week. This blog was rated one of the top 10 blogs for the IT storage industry by “Networking World” magazine, and #1
most read IBM blog on IBM’s developerWorks. The blog has been published in series of books, Inside System Storage:
Volume I through V.
Over the past years, Tony has worked in development, marketing and customer care positions for various storage hardware
and software products. Tony has a Bachelor of Science degree in Software Engineering, and a Master of Science degree in
Electrical Engineering, both from the University of Arizona. Tony holds 19 IBM patents for inventions on storage hardware and
software products.
9000 S. Rita Road
Bldg 9032 Floor 1
Tucson, AZ 85744
+1 520-799-4309 (Office)
tpearson@us.ibm.com
Tony Pearson
Master Inventor,
Senior IT Specialist
IBM System Storage™

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Email:
tpearson@us.ibm.com
Twitter:
twitter.com/az99Øtony
Blog:
ibm.co/Pearson
Books:
www.lulu.com/spotlight/99Ø_tony
IBM Expert Network on Slideshare:
www.slideshare.net/az99Øtony
Facebook:
www.facebook.com/tony.pearson.16121
Linkedin:
www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=103718598
Additional Resources from Tony Pearson

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