S016389 ibm-cos-brazil-v1708b

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Introduction to IBM Cloud Object Storage
(powered by Cleversafe)
Tony Pearson
Master Inventor and Senior IT Architect
IBM Corporation

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Abstract
This session explains object
storage and how it differs
from block or file-level
storage.
The speaker will provide an
overview of IBM's acquisition
of Cleversafe, and its clever,
highly scalable, highly reliable
use of Erasure Coding to
reduce storage costs by up to
70 percent, which IBM has
named the IBM Cloud Object
Storage System.

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This week with Tony Pearson
Day Time Topic
Tuesday 13:45
Introduction to IBM Cloud Object Storage System and
its Applications (powered by Cleversafe)
Wednesday
9:00 IBM Hybrid Cloud Storage Solutions
10:15
Data optimization: How to verify your storage is being
used efficiently
15:00 Managing Risks with Data Footprint Reduction

What is Object Store?
IBM Cloud Object
Storage System
Applications and
Use Cases
Agenda

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Clients are facing explosive growth in Unstructured Data,
which is exactly why Object Storage is so critical
*Exabytes
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Unstructured Data
Structured Data
Source: IDC
Unstructured
data growth of
60–80%
per year
creates
Web-scale
storage needs
*1 exabyte = 1,000 petabytes =1 million terabytes = 1 billion gigabytes
Problem - Traditional and Legacy Storage Designed for
Transactional, Not Unstructured Data

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How is Object Storage Different?
Block and File Storage
– Decide where to put it
• For block, which array/volume/LUN
• For file, which filer/subdirectory
– Remember where it is to get it back
– Read/Write records, append data
– Limits on LUN size, number of files
Object Storage
– Provide data over to the Object storage
• Get “claim stub” reference locator
– Use or share “claim stub” to access
data HTTP, Openstack Swift, S3
– Get/Put/Delete object in its entirety
– Effectively “unlimited” scalability

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Object Store for Unstructured data
Hot Data
High-IOPS and Low-Latency
All-Flash and Hybrid Flash/Disk
Information Lifecycle Management
(ILM)
Structured data / Random-Access
Active logs and traces
Virtual Machines and VDI
Single-Tenancy
Static and Stable data
Backups, Files, Archives
Seismic, Research, Telemetry, HPC
Video, Animation, Body Cams
Photos, Images, CAD/CAM, GIS
Music, Audio
Genomic, Medical Images
Multi-tenancy
Object Store provides a
• Secure
• Reliable
• Scalable
• Cost Effective
Platform For Unstructured data
Object Store
is not designed for
• High IOPS workflows
• Transaction
Processing
• Inherent ILM

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Volume vs. File vs. Object level access
POSIX
Read record
Write record
Volume
Read block
Write block
SAN
or
LAN
LAN
File
Read record
Write record
LAN
or
WAN
Object
Get, Put,
Delete
NFS, SMB
Read record
Write record
REST
Get, Put
Delete
SAN Zoning,
LUN Masking
• Device
• LUN / Volser
• Block ID
Access
Control
List (ACL)
Access
Control
List (ACL)
• Mount point
or Drive Letter
• Path (subdirs)
• File name
• Vault
• Container
• Object
SCSI
Reserve
File
Locking
Eventual
Consistency

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Object Store Hierarchy – Vault, Container and Object
Vault 1 Vault 3Vault 2
A1
D4
C3
B2
Photo123 Video789Doc456
Vault
• Object store can have up to 1000 vaults
• Each vault could have separate
administrators to manage ACLs
• Separate quotas per vault
• Provides Multi-tenancy, Secure isolation
Container (aka “Bucket”)
• Vault can have millions of containers
• Container can have one or more objects
• Unique Container name within the vault
Object
• A string of bits, similar to a file
• Unique identifier within the container
• No sub-containers, “flat namespace”, but
can mimic subdirs with slashes a/b/c
• Unique URI based on account, container
and object id:
Server-URL/Vaultt2/C3/Doc456

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Object Storage is Simpler for Application Development
POSIX – over 60 commands NFS – over 30 commands
HEAD
• Read metadata
GET
• Read content and
metadata
PUT
• Write content and
metadata
DELETE
• Remove object or
empty container
POST
• Update metadata
Object – 5 commands
SMB – over 80 commands

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Data Protection Schemes
Tolerate 1 drive failure Tolerate 2 drive failures Tolerate “M” failures
RAID-1 / RAID-10
K pieces 2 x K slices
RAID-5
K pieces K + 1 slices
2.0X
1.2X
3.0X
1.5X
1.7XTriplication
K pieces 3 x K slices
RAID-6
K pieces K + 2 slices
Erasure Coding
K pieces K+M = N
slices

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The Math Behind Reed-Solomon Erasure Coding
“K” variables of input data: a, b, c, d, e
Example: K=5 M=3 K+M= 8
Here we create “K+M”
equations, adding and
subtracting by different
co-factors
Results in “K+M” slices that
can be geographically
dispersed
We can tolerate losing up to
“M” slices of data, and still
solve for the original
“K” pieces of data.

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Storage Positioning – Filling a Gap
Unified file and
object storage.
Optimized for high
performance, across
flash and disk
Flash 15K
Unified file and object
storage on tape
Information Lifecycle
Management (ILM) across tiers
HighestPerformance
Lowest cost
Tape
IBM was looking to offer easy to
manage, scalable disk-based object
storage for unstructured data
• Moderate performance
• Moderate cost
10K 7200 rpm

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Data Growth at Petabyte (PB) Scale
PB of data
3 to 5x
Data Protection
RAID, Mirrors,
Replication, Tape
Data Protection
High Availability & Disaster Recovery
Geo-Distribution & Erasure Coding
Infrastructure
Proprietary, specialized
hardware, multiple systems
Operations
More than 1 FTE per PB
Maintenance outages
Infrastructure
Software Defined,
Commodity Hardware,
Single System
Operations
Less than 1 FTE per 6 PB
Single system, Secure
Self-healing
1.7 x 60% Less
Hardware &
Rack space
Traditional
Approach
IBM Cloud
Object Storage
Approach
70%
Lower
TCO

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IBM Cloud Object Storage System economics beat
legacy NAS storage and Amazon Web Services (AWS)
$8,400
$4,210
$1,613
$1,053
Legacy NAS DR protected
Legacy NAS single copy
IBM Cloud Object + NAS
gateway
dsNet object protectedIBM Cloud Object
IBM Cloud Object vs NAS
Cost: 80% lower
$0
$2,000,000
$4,000,000
$6,000,000
$8,000,000
$10,000,000
480 TB 960 TB 1920 TB 3840 TB
S3
dsNet
Cost: 10 to 60% lower
IBM Cloud Object vs AWS S3
IBM Cloud Object
Amazon S3

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IBM Cloud Object Storage System – Terminology
HTTP
Application
Server
IBM COS
Manger
Accesser
Slicestor
Storage
Pool
Accesser PoolVault
Load
Balancer
Site A Site B Site C
End user
Global Namespace
IBM Cloud Object Storage
System organizes objects into
“Vaults” and “Containers”
Multiple vaults can share
storage pools
Vaults can have millions of
containers
OpenStack Swift
S3 Protocol

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CONTENT
TRANSFORMATION
IBM Cloud software
encrypts, slices and
applies Information
Dispersal Algorithms
otherwise known as
erasure coding
policies to the data.
Data Ingest
Accesser
Software
Storage Nodes
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3
Physical Distribution
Slices are distributed to
separate disks and industry
standard x86 hardware
across geographic locations.
Data Retrieval
Storage Nodes
Reliable Retrieval
An operator defined subset of
slices is needed to retrieve
data bit perfectly in real time.
BENEFITS
The level of
resiliency is fully
customizable
resulting in a
massively reliable
and efficient way to
store data at scale
as opposed to RAID
and replication
techniques.
Accesser
Software
Slicestor
Software
How the IBM Cloud Object Storage System Works

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Original Data
Encrypted, Erasure
Coded Slices
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
1
2
Slicestor®
Appliances
Accesser® Appliance, Application,
VM, Docker Container or Embedded
Accesser®
$ 7
6
5
4
3
1
2
Original object is
encrypted then
cut into pieces
Each slice is written to a
separate storage node. In
this example, the storage
nodes are geographically
dispersed across 3 sites.
Information Dispersal
Algorithm (IDA)
Erasure coding is used to
transform the data into a
customizable number of
slices (7/12 in this example)
Writing Data to IBM Cloud Object Storage System

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“Zero Touch” Provider-Side Encryption Data-at-Rest
Introducing the All-or-Nothing (AONT) package

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IBM Cloud Object Storage System – SmartWrite and Rebuild
Once write threshold is met, returns success
response to client
– Example: 7/9/12 (7 pieces 12 slices)
– Minimum 7 slices required to read back
– Once 9 slices are written, write is considered
complete for application
Best effort to write remaining slices
– If time-out occurs, unwritten slices dropped
Entire namespace scanned on
ongoing basis
– Slice integrity check
– Missing slice check
– Slicestors work together to
rebuild missing or corrupted
slice(s)
Rebuilder is “always on” at moderate
rate for I/O rate predictability
Optimistically attempts to write all slices in parallel
X ?

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7
6
5
4
3
1
2
$
With erasure coding “k” pieces are turned into “n” slices:
Reads can be performed using any k of the n slices
• This example is a “7 of 12” Information Dispersal Algorithm (IDA) means
only 7 slices are needed to reconstruct the original object
With this IDA, a read can
still be executed with any
five storage nodes being
unavailable out of 12.
With 3 sites, even
an entire site
outage (plus one
additional storage
node outage) can
be tolerated.
Reading Data from IBM Cloud Object Storage System

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Dedicated
(Private)
IBM Cloud Object Storage System – Single vs. Multi-Site
Single Site
Better performance,
when site-tolerance
not a factor, better
than traditional
RAID-5 / RAID-6
Two Site / Vault Mirroring
Allows customers to leverage existing two-site
infrastructure. Provides concurrent reads and
writes despite communication disruption
between locations. Local data better than
traditional RAID-5 / RAID-6
Geographically Dispersed
Three to Nine Sites
Consider adding IBM SoftLayer or leverage existing
datacenter locations to provide a broader distribution
of data for higher availability, site-tolerance and
scalability

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Scalability
S3 Compatible API Openstack Swift
Compatible API
Simple Object API
Slicestor
Software
Accesser
Software
Scalability – Scale performance
and/or capacity at any time with no
downtime to operations
Need more Performance?
Add more Accesser nodes
Need more Capacity?
Add more disks to existing Slicestor
nodes, or add more storage pools
– All pools must have the same
number of nodes
– Difference storage pools can
have different amounts of storage
– All nodes in each storage pool
must have same amount of
storage
Storage
Pool 1
Storage
Pool 2
Storage
Pool 3

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IBM Cloud Object Storage System –
Software, Pre-Built Systems or Cloud Services
Software
• ClevOS – IBM Cloud
Object Storage System
software packaged with
Debian Linux OS
• Software-defined,
hardware-aware model for
flexibility of x86 platform
choice
• Can be deployed on
qualified vendor hardware
Pre-built Systems
• Fully integrated appliance
models for easy deployment
and support
• On-premises object storage
solution
Cloud Services
• IBM SoftLayer hardware
infrastructure running
IBM Cloud Object
Storage System software
• Off-premise offering for
customers that want
security and controlled
performance

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IBM Spectrum Storage Suite
Bundle license for
flash, disk, tape and
storage-rich servers
Per TiB
IBM Spectrum
Storage Suite
Control Protect
Archive
Virtualize Accelerate
Scale
I’ve deployed Spectrum Storage Suite. Now
what?
1. Well, since you already own entitlement to
all capabilities in the Spectrum Storage
suite, you are free to download any of the
software you like, including IBM Cloud
Object Storage!
2. To help facilitate quick adoption of
additional use cases, Spectrum Storage
Suite licensing offers the ability to
perform extended tests in an evaluation
sandbox proving ground without
additional charge. Tebibytes (TiB) in this
sandbox are not counted.
So go ahead, experiment with your next use
case. Prove it, become familiar with it, pay for
it only when it’s deployed for productive use.

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IBM Cloud Object Storage System – Deployment Options
Infrastructure
Dedicated
(Private)
Public
Local
(Private)
On-premises
Off-premises
Cloud
Infrastructure
Off-premises
(IBM SoftLayer)
Public
• Standard regional
• Nearline regional
• Nearline geo-
dispersed
Consumed
pricing
Dedicated
• IBM Managed
• Client managed
• Hybrid / Mixed
Allocated
pricing
Client
infrastructure
On-premises
(Recommend:
300TB or more)
Locally managed
• Software
• Pre-built systems

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Pre-Built Systems for IBM Cloud Object Storage System
IBM COS Manager 2105 / 3105
Accesser 2100 / 3105 / 4105
Slicestor 2212
Slicestor 2448
Health and performance monitoring
GUI and API access
Configuration and security
Zero downtime upgrades
12 drives @ 4, 6 or 8 TB
48 to 96 TB Nearline HDD
in 2U rack space
16, 32 or 48 drives @ 4, 6 or 8 TB
64 to 384 TB Nearline HDD
in 4U rack space
Slices, Disperses and Retrieves data

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IBM Cloud Object Storage public cloud services
IBM Cloud Object Storage Flex
DataAccessPattern
Standard
IBM Cloud Object
Storage
Vault
Variable data access
pattern / Mixed
workloads
Predictable
data access
pattern /
workload
Frequent
data access
Less frequent
data access
Minimal
data access
IBM Cloud Object
Storage
Cold Vault
New
New
New ( public portal)
• High Availability – Cross Regional USA
• Low Latency – Regional (Dallas)

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A broad spectrum of strategies to build, buy, or assemble an end to end solution
Integrations, Connectors, Gateways Ready to RunCustom Applications
Off-PremHybridOn-Prem
and/or and/or
How to Consume IBM Cloud Object Storage

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Large
multimedia files
Video, Audio,
Images
Store
telemetric,
instrumentation
and sensor
data
Web generated
and social
media data
Backup, Active
archive, DR,
inactive and
compliance
data
Security audits,
Log files and
Analytics
Collaboration
and content
distribution
Global file
services,
mobile access,
and StaaS
Genomics,
HPC, Geo-
spatiial
8
7
6
5
4
1
2
3
Object Storage Typical Use Cases Storage Services

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Market Industry Verticals
Secure
customer
trust and
business
compliance.
Financial
Services &
Insurance
Incorporate
into IoT
processes,
analytics
Industrial,
Distribution
Manage the
data essential
to serving the
good of the
public.
Public Sector,
Government
Scale your
market
offering
without
worry.
Telco &
Service
Providers
Create and
Deliver
Content on
demand.
Media &
Entertainment
Heath Care &
Life Sciences
Put medical
progress
before
everything
else.
Every industry does backup, all have some
amount of static-and-stable unstructured data,
most need file or content archive…

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Secure archive
and
synch/share.
Repository for
new creative
Critical data
archive for public
safety
Storage as a
service for
subscribers
Global on-
demand content
hub
Financial
Services &
Insurance
Media &
Entertainment
Production
GovernmentService
Providers
Media &
Entertainment
Distribution
Shared genomics
research
Health Care
& Life
Sciences
Hybrid Cloud Object Storage adoption across multiple industries

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Client Reference– Web Based Photo Sharing
Users upload photo
and video content via
web based application
Photo and video objects are sent to
Cleversafe via REST based protocols
Metadata is
captured and
stored
• Scale – 150 petabytes and growing: more than 50 Billion images stored
• Manageability – 3 Administrators manage entire environment
• Security – 50,000+ uploads per minute with zero touch security
• Always-on availability – SLA of 100% download on demand – even during
California to Nevada datacenter move
• Economics – Operating costs reduced by more than 70%
• Key decision makers – Technical team backed by financial cost cutting
mandates

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IBM Spectrum Protect supports IBM SoftLayer and Amazon S3
Client nodes
• IBM Cloud Object Storage System
(using S3-compatible API)
Off-premises:
• IBM Bluemix
• Amazon Web Services
On-premises
IBM Spectrum
Protect Server

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IBM Spectrum Storage combined with IBM Cloud Object Storage
storage. Optimized for
high performance, across
flash, disk and object
store
Flash
Object
Store
15K
Object storage on disk
( File, backup and archive interfaces
available through variety of options )
IBM Bluemix
OpenStack Swift
Amazon Web Services S3
Swift S3 emulation
storage on tape
Transparent Cloud Tiering
Information Lifecycle
Management (ILM) across tiers
HighestPerformance
Lowest cost
Tape10K 7200

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No need for 3rd party encryption
solution or key management
Not a post process. Data is fully
protected upon write commit
No need to install and manage a
separate OS
Base price includes all interfaces
Predict drive failures and take
appropriate action
No need to repurchase licenses
when refreshing hardware
ENCRYPTION IS INHERENT ERASURE CODING IS INLINE
SOFTWARE PACKAGED WITH OS
ALL FEATURES INCLUDED
DISK LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT
PERPETUAL LICENSING MODE
Competitive Differentiators

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Your feedback about this session is very important to us.
Submit a survey at:
ibmtechu.com

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COSFREE in IBM Cloud: https://www.ibm.com/cloud-
computing/bluemix/cloud-object-storage/
Visit IBM Cloud Object Storage at: https://www.ibm.com/cloud-
computing/products/storage/object-storage/
Follow IBM Cloud Object Storage at:
https://www.linkedin.com/company-beta/54753/
https://twitter.com/IBMcloud
Watch us on:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6LX8c5vuI4
Learn More about IBM Cloud Object Storage

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Address your challenges with IBM Cloud Object Storage
Backup Archive
Enterprise
collaboration
Storage as
a service
Content
repository
Backup target
• IBM Spectrum
Protect
• CTERA
• z/OS Tape
Connector
• z/OS
Advanced
Archive
• NetApp
AltaVault
• Rman
• Commvault
• NetBackup
• Actifio
• Rubrik
Archive data
• IBM Spectrum
Scale
• Apache Spark
• Apache
Hadoop
• Analytics
• NetApp
AltaVault
• Avere
• Tiger Bridge
Connector
• Interica PARs
• Ostar
(Healthcare)
Secure sharing
• IBM
Enterprise
Content
Management
• SME
• CTERA
Networks
Provide service
• Cloud service
• Service
Provider
cloud
• Analytics
service
• Video
production
• Video
surveillance
• Picture data
service
Live content data
• IBM Spectrum
Scale
• CTERA
• Apache Spark
• Apache Hadoop
• IBM FileNet
• SME
• Panzura
• Avere
• Nasumi
IBM solutions and partner enabled solutions

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IBM acquires Cleversafe, Inc.
IBM Cloud
Object
Storage
System
Object Store
Over 350 Patents Awarded
Object Storage Leader
2 years in a row
Multiple Exabytes in
Production
Notable Milestones
Acquired by IBM 2015
Software Company
• Founded in 2004 in Chicago
• Shipping product since 2008
Software Defined
Object Storage
• Over 100 people dedicated to
software development
Runs on Industry
Standard x86 servers
• Certified platforms to provide
enterprise grade experience,
predictable performance and
support
Product Renamed
• IBM Cloud Object Storage
System

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Cross Region USA
(high availability)
Regional (Dallas)
(low latency)
• Storage in multiple data centers in three
regions, 1000+ Km. apart.
• Data is accessible via Geo and Regional
end points for business continuity and
availability.
• One price, no separate charge for multiple
data centers within Cross Region, or
bandwidth used across data centers.
• Storage in multiple data center facilities
within a single region.
• Data is accessible via end points within a
single region for business continuity and
availability.
• One price, no separate charge for multiple
data centers with in Region, or for
bandwidth used across data centers.
* coming soon - in 2Q
Resiliency options to meet your business needs
IBM Cloud Object Storage on IBM Bluemix

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IBM COS Manager
• Fault management
• Performance monitoring
• Storage configuration
• Reporting
• Provisioning
Accesser®
• Slices data
• Disperses data
• Retrieves data
• Use Load Balancer
across accesser pools
• Stateless
• No cache
• No metadata
Slicestor®
• Storage for slices
• Single or multi-site
• Capacity based pricing
• Rebuilds slices
Supported on Certified industry standard platforms
Software Defined &
Hardware Aware
Qualified for predictable performance
Faster time to production
Choice of drive technology
Single Pane Management of HW & SW
IBM Cloud Object Storage System – Components

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Encryption Data-in-Flight
HTTP
IBM COS
protocol
Application
Server
All data-in-flight secured by TLS/SSL
IBM COS
Manger
Accesser
Slicestor
In all cases, monitoring and
event management secured by
AES in SNMP v3
Rogue devices cannot become
part of the system
End user

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IBM Cloud Object Storage System – SmartRead

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IBM Cloud Object Storage System – Partner Comparison
Vendor Product Protocols Features Use Cases
Avere
FXT series
• NFS
• SMB
Global namespace
Encryption, Compression,
Snapshots, Clustering
• Analytics
• Media rendering
Ctera Networks
CX0 series
• NFS, SMB
• AFP, FTP
• WebDAV
• iSCSI
Encryption, Snapshots,
Replication, Enterprise File Sync
and Share (EFSS)
• Backup
• RO/BO storage
IBM Spectrum
Scale
• NFS, SMB
• OpenStack
• Amazon S3
• Hadoop
• POSIX
Global namespace & file locking,
Compression, Replication
• Analytics / HPC
• Media rendering
• VMs and Databases
• Collaboration
• NAS Consolidation
• Backup / Archiving
Nasuni NF series • NFS, SMB
• FTP, SFTP
• HTTPS
• iSCSI
Compression, Dedupe, EFSS
• Collaboration
• File sharing
• Archiving
Panzura Global File
System
• NFS
• SMB
Encryption, Compression,
Dedupe
• Collaboration
• NAS consolidation

49
http://www.ibm.com/training/events
https://www.ibm.com/cloud-computing/products/storage/
https://www.ibm.com/cloud-computing/products/storage/object-
storage/cloud/
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/
https://www-03.ibm.com/systems/storage/
https://www-03.ibm.com/systems/storage/cloud-storage/
Session reference links

50
IBM Tucson Executive Briefing Center
Tucson, Arizona is home for
storage hardware and software
design and development
IBM Tucson Executive
Briefing Center offers:
–Technology briefings
–Product demonstrations
–Solution workshops
Take a video tour!
– http://youtu.be/CXrpoCZAazg

51
About the Speaker
Tony Pearson is a Master Inventor and Senior IT Architect for the IBM Storage product line. Tony joined IBM Corporation in
1986 in Tucson, Arizona, USA, and has lived there ever since. In his current role, Tony presents briefings on storage topics
covering the entire IBM Storage product line, IBM Spectrum Storage software products, and topics related to Cloud Computing,
Analytics and Cognitive Solutions. He interacts with clients, speaks at conferences and events, and leads client workshops to
help clients with strategic planning for IBM’s integrated set of storage management software, hardware, and virtualization
solutions.
Tony writes the “Inside System Storage” blog, which is read by thousands of clients, IBM sales reps and IBM Business Partners
every week. This blog was rated one of the top 10 blogs for the IT storage industry by “Networking World” magazine, and #1
most read IBM blog on IBM’s developerWorks. The blog has been published in series of books, Inside System Storage: Volume
I through V.
Over the past years, Tony has worked in development, marketing and consulting for various storage hardware and software
products. Tony has a Bachelor of Science degree in Software Engineering, and a Master of Science degree in Electrical
Engineering, both from the University of Arizona. . Tony is an inventor or co-inventor of 19 patents in the field of electronic data
storage.
9000 S. Rita Road
Bldg 9032 Floor 1
Tucson, AZ 85744
+1 520-799-4309 (Office)
tpearson@us.ibm.com
Tony Pearson
Master Inventor
Senior IT Architect
IBM Storage

52
Email:
tpearson@us.ibm.com
Twitter:
twitter.com/az990tony
Blog:
ibm.co/Pearson
Books:
www.lulu.com/spotlight/990_tony
IBM Expert Network on Slideshare:
www.slideshare.net/az990tony
Facebook:
www.facebook.com/tony.pearson.16121
Linkedin:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/az990tony
Additional Resources from Tony Pearson

53
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Engine is a trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both and is used under license therefrom. Linear Tape-Open, LTO, the LTO
Logo, Ultrium, and the Ultrium logo are trademarks of HP, IBM Corp. and Quantum in the U.S. and other countries.
Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies. Information is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind.
The customer examples described are presented as illustrations of how those customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental
costs and performance characteristics may vary by customer.
Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from a supplier of these products, published announcement material, or other publicly available sources and does not
constitute an endorsement of such products by IBM. Sources for non-IBM list prices and performance numbers are taken from publicly available information, including vendor
announcements and vendor worldwide homepages. IBM has not tested these products and cannot confirm the accuracy of performance, capability, or any other claims related to
non-IBM products. Questions on the capability of non-IBM products should be addressed to the supplier of those products.
All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.
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current investment and development activities as a good faith effort to help with our customers' future planning.
Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will
experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the
workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput or performance improvements equivalent to the ratios stated here.
Prices are suggested U.S. list prices and are subject to change without notice. Starting price may not include a hard drive, operating system or other features. Contact your IBM
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Photographs shown may be engineering prototypes. Changes may be incorporated in production models.
© IBM Corporation 2017. All rights reserved.
References in this document to IBM products or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in every country.
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World Wide Web at http://www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml.
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