IAS 37 provides guidance on accounting for provisions, contingent liabilities, and contingent assets. It requires recognition of a provision if there is a present obligation from a past event, an outflow of resources is probable, and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation. Contingent liabilities are not recognized but must be disclosed unless the possibility of an outflow is remote. Contingent assets are also not recognized but may be if income realization is virtually certain.

1. 2012
Technical Summary
IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and
Contingent Assets
as issued at 1 January 2012. Includes IFRSs with an effective date after 1 January 2012 but not the IFRSs they
will replace.
This extract has been prepared by IFRS Foundation staff and has not been approved by the IASB. For the requirements
reference must be made to International Financial Reporting Standards.
The objective of this Standard is to ensure that appropriate recognition criteria and measurement bases are
applied to provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets and that sufficient information is disclosed in
the notes to enable users to understand their nature, timing and amount.
IAS 37 prescribes the accounting and disclosure for all provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets,
except:
(a) those resulting from financial instruments that are carried at fair value;
(b) those resulting from executory contracts, except where the contract is onerous. Executory contracts are
contracts under which neither party has performed any of its obligations or both parties have partially
performed their obligations to an equal extent;
(c) those arising in insurance entities from contracts with policyholders; or
(d) those covered by another Standard.
Provisions
A provision is a liability of uncertain timing or amount.
Recognition
A provision should be recognised when:
(a) an entity has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event;
(b) it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the
obligation; and
(c) a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

2. If these conditions are not met, no provision shall be recognised.
In rare cases it is not clear whether there is a present obligation. In these cases, a past event is deemed to give
rise to a present obligation if, taking account of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that a present
obligation exists at the end of the reporting period.
Measurement
The amount recognised as a provision shall be the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present
obligation at the end of the reporting period. The best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present
obligation is the amount that an entity would rationally pay to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting
period or to transfer it to a third party at that time.
Where the provision being measured involves a large population of items, the obligation is estimated by
weighting all possible outcomes by their associated probabilities. Where a single obligation is being measured,
the individual most likely outcome may be the best estimate of the liability. However, even in such a case, the
entity considers other possible outcomes.
Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is:
(a) a possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the
occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the
entity; or
(b) a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognised because:
(i) it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle
the obligation; or
(ii) the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability.
An entity should not recognise a contingent liability. An entity should disclose a contingent liability, unless the
possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote.
Contingent assets
A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only
by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of
the entity.
An entity shall not recognise a contingent asset. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain,
then the related asset is not a contingent asset and its recognition is appropriate.