The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Whole Plant of Pulicaria W...IOSRJPBS
ย
Natural remedies from medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for liver injury. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana in wistar rats. The studies were conducted using the two popular inducing agents Paracetamol (2 g/kg, p.o.) in 1% NaCMC and Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference drug in the respective models. The effect was estimated by measuring the enzymatic levels and histo- pathological studies. The methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana has shown very significant hepatoprotection against both Paracetamol and CCl4 - induced hepatotoxicity study models in wistar rats. This was evidenced by marked reduction in marker enzymes in serum. Histopathological studies also confirmed the hepatoprotective nature of the extract
Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Some Medicinal Plant Mixtures ...IOSRJPBS
ย
The rhizomes of Ginger (Zingiberofficinale), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Licorice (Glycyrrhizaglabra), the bark of Cinnamon tree,(Cinnamomumzeylanicum) and the calyces of red Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)are herbs used in thishepatoprotective studies. This study evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of water extract mixtures using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in rats.In vitroantioxidant activity of plant water extracts was determined using DPPH. The water extractmixtures wereadministered for 10 days; on the 10thday all rats were challenged with CCl4 except control group animals. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and albumin levels were determined to prove the hepatoprotectiveeffect.The enzyme activities were significantly increased in CCl4 treated rats. The four water extract mixtures exhibited significant (P<0.05)><0.05) increased in all the water extract mixtures used.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Chara Parpam in Ccl4 Induced RatsIOSR Journals
ย
Siddha system of medicine provides most frequently and to the extent possible and promising therapy for the relief of signs and symptoms of liver disorder over the generations. Their high therapeutic quality and lack of toxicity are exceptional. The present experimental work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of Siddha herbo-mineral formulation Chara Parpam by CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Two doses of Chara Parpam (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) were administered to rats. Protection of hepatocytes was evaluated by estimate the level of ALT, AST, ALP, serum bilirubin, total protein, serum albumin, sodium and potassium during the exposure of CCL4 on wistar albino rats and to evaluate the effect of different doses of Chara Parpam against hepatotoxicity induced by CCL4. Liver histology was performed 24 hours after the administration of trial drug Chara Parpam. The result indicated that the concentration of ALT, AST, and ALP, released by hepatocytes were significantly reduced in the presence of Chara Parpam. The cytoprotective effects of the Chara Parpam are dose-dependent. Through this work, we demonstrate for the first time the direct protection of liver cells by administration of Chara Parpam confirming its hepatoprotective properties.
Whey protein products and their combination with L-methionine prevent liver f...iosrphr_editor
ย
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa on alcoho...Bhavana Gundavarapu
ย
The aim of present study was to investigate the Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceace) leaves in albino rats on alcohol induced hepatotoxic activity. .
Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Whole Plant of Pulicaria W...IOSRJPBS
ย
Natural remedies from medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for liver injury. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana in wistar rats. The studies were conducted using the two popular inducing agents Paracetamol (2 g/kg, p.o.) in 1% NaCMC and Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference drug in the respective models. The effect was estimated by measuring the enzymatic levels and histo- pathological studies. The methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana has shown very significant hepatoprotection against both Paracetamol and CCl4 - induced hepatotoxicity study models in wistar rats. This was evidenced by marked reduction in marker enzymes in serum. Histopathological studies also confirmed the hepatoprotective nature of the extract
Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Some Medicinal Plant Mixtures ...IOSRJPBS
ย
The rhizomes of Ginger (Zingiberofficinale), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Licorice (Glycyrrhizaglabra), the bark of Cinnamon tree,(Cinnamomumzeylanicum) and the calyces of red Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)are herbs used in thishepatoprotective studies. This study evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of water extract mixtures using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in rats.In vitroantioxidant activity of plant water extracts was determined using DPPH. The water extractmixtures wereadministered for 10 days; on the 10thday all rats were challenged with CCl4 except control group animals. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and albumin levels were determined to prove the hepatoprotectiveeffect.The enzyme activities were significantly increased in CCl4 treated rats. The four water extract mixtures exhibited significant (P<0.05)><0.05) increased in all the water extract mixtures used.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Chara Parpam in Ccl4 Induced RatsIOSR Journals
ย
Siddha system of medicine provides most frequently and to the extent possible and promising therapy for the relief of signs and symptoms of liver disorder over the generations. Their high therapeutic quality and lack of toxicity are exceptional. The present experimental work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of Siddha herbo-mineral formulation Chara Parpam by CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Two doses of Chara Parpam (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) were administered to rats. Protection of hepatocytes was evaluated by estimate the level of ALT, AST, ALP, serum bilirubin, total protein, serum albumin, sodium and potassium during the exposure of CCL4 on wistar albino rats and to evaluate the effect of different doses of Chara Parpam against hepatotoxicity induced by CCL4. Liver histology was performed 24 hours after the administration of trial drug Chara Parpam. The result indicated that the concentration of ALT, AST, and ALP, released by hepatocytes were significantly reduced in the presence of Chara Parpam. The cytoprotective effects of the Chara Parpam are dose-dependent. Through this work, we demonstrate for the first time the direct protection of liver cells by administration of Chara Parpam confirming its hepatoprotective properties.
Whey protein products and their combination with L-methionine prevent liver f...iosrphr_editor
ย
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa on alcoho...Bhavana Gundavarapu
ย
The aim of present study was to investigate the Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceace) leaves in albino rats on alcohol induced hepatotoxic activity. .
Biochemical effect of Aqueous Carica papaya Seed and Leaf Extracts on Serum B...iosrjce
ย
The cost of administering modern anti diabetic drugs is usually beyond the reach of most people in
the low income group especially those in the developing world where the disease is on the increase. This has led
to the current shift to the use of preparations from various parts of plants because of the current increase in the
knowledge of their toxicity, side effects, active constituents and doses. This study was conducted to compare the
effects of the aqueous Carica papaya seed and leaf extracts on serum biochemistry of alloxan induced diabetic
rats especially glucose level. Male Wister rats weighing 150-200g were induced with single freshly prepared
alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight).Diabetes was confirmed after seven days in alloxan-induced rats
showing fasting blood glucose levels โฅ 200mg/dl. The diabetic rats were randomly allocated into three
experimental groups which received Seed extract, leaf extract or normal saline depending on the group. The
extracts were administered orally for twenty-eight days after which the animals were sacrificed and blood
samples were collected for Biochemical analyses. The results showed that both extracts have significant
hypoglycaemic, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects although extract of the seed proved to be more
potent than that of the leaf
Introduction to Screening Models of Hepatoprotective Drugs
Liver toxicity, Drugs causing DILI, Markers of hepatotoxicity
List of hepatoprotectives, Functions of liver
Screening models of hepatoprotective drugs
Presented by
I. Sai Reddemma
Department of Pharmacology
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Hepatoprotective activity and sub acute toxicity study of whole part of the p...Cรขy thuแปc Viแปt
ย
Objective: The present investigation aimed at phytochemical screening of the whole plant of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata (Orchidaceae) after successive extraction followed by hepatoprotective activity of its aqueous extract. The research work also focused on the sub acute toxicity study of
aqueous extract of the same plant. Methods: Successive extraction was carried out with petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water respectively. Hepatoprotective activity of its aqueous extract was investigated in carbon tetrachloride, ethanol and paracetamol induced hepatotoxic rat models and compared with silymarin (20 mg/kg) as reference standard. Sub acute toxicity study was elicited by studying the effect of Anoectochilus formosanus on the lipid profile, biochemical parameters and hematological parameters in rats and compared with standard silymarin (20 mg/kg). Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of anthraquinone glycosides, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids and saponins in the aqueous extract of the plant under investigation. Two way analysis of variance study of the
estimated biochemical parameters for instance, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase were revealed that there is significant difference (p-value < 0.0001) exists between the different treatment groups supported by least significant difference test of various biochemical parameters, which was also evident from the histopathological study of liver sections. Sub acute toxicity study revealed no significant toxic effects. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus (200 mg/kg) had shown significant hepatoprotective activity as compared to standard silymarin. Sub acute toxicity studies had concluded that it might be considered safe for a longer duration of time
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
ย
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Comparative Study of The Antioxidant Activities of Monodora Myristica And A. ...iosrjce
ย
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
Efficacy Studies of Hepatoprotective Drug Isolated from Eclipta prostrata. L.IOSR Journals
ย
In the commercial market, medicinal herbs are used as raw drugs, extracts or tinctures. Isolated
active constituents are used for applied research. Medicinal herbs are significant source of hepatoprotective
drugs, Eclipta prostrata. L. with active principle Wedelolactone is the prime focus. In the present study to derive
hepatoprotective drug, the herb E. prostrata was grown in the Periyar Maniammai College Campus, Vallam
and 1kg of the plant leaves were collected and shade dried. Dried and powdered maetria l of E. prostrata was
extracted with 80% ethanol. The active principle was isolated and identified by chromatographic technique. The
protective effect of E. prostrata on Carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver damage was also studied with male
wistar albino rats (180-230g). The protective effect was also undergone for histological studies.
Present study deals with the investigation of hepatoprotective activity of Tephrosia purpurea Linn stem. Powdered stem was extracted with methanol and subjected for the preliminary phytochemical screening. Acute toxicity study of the extract was carried out following OECD guidelines 423 and found safe upto the dose 2000 mg/kg, p.o. Hepatoprotective activity of extract was evaluated against CCl induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Rats were divided into five groups containing 4 6 mice per group. Group 1 animals were administered with vehicle only, Group II animals were administered with CCl (1.4 ml/kg p.o.) to induced hepatotoxicity, 4 group III animals were administered with silymarin (25 mg/kg) for 7 days and CCl (1.4 ml/kg p.o.) on fifth day, group IV and V animals were administered with 4 methanol extract of T. purpurea stem at 75 and 150 mg/kg, po respectively for 7 days and CCl (1.4 ml/kg p.o.) on fifth day of treatment schedule. Biochemical 4 parameters (SGPT, SGOT, ALP, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin) were assessed in all the experimental animals. Phytochemical investigation of methanol extract of T. purpurea stem revealed the presence of flavanoids, phytosterols, alkaloids and proteins. Methanol extract of T. purpurea stem was exhibited dose dependant hepatoprotective activity comparable to that of silymarin.
Evaluation of hepatoprotective agents - Hemant KanaseHemant Kanase
ย
1. Introduction
2. Hepatotoxicity: Mechanism
3. Therapeutic strategies available โ their limitations
4. In vivo models of liver damage
- Non-invasive model
a. Chemically induced hepatotoxicity
b. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity
c. Radiation-induced hepatotoxicity
d. Metal-induced hepatotoxicity
e. Diet-induced hepatotoxicity
๏ Models of Acute Hepatitis
๏ Models of chronic hepatitis
๏ Models of fibrosis
๏ Models of cholestasis
๏ Models of steatosis
4. Problems faced with animal studies
5. In vitro models of liver damage
6. Advantages and disadvantages of in vitro models
7. Parameters of evaluation
8. Clinical Assessment
The results of this study revealed that the use of natural beesโ honey has the ability to protect the liver of rats against the toxic effects of melamine.
Melamine contains 66% nitrogen by mass, so it is sometimes illegally added to food products in order to increase the apparent protein content that has recently become a serious concern. The illegal use of melamine as a food ingredient has led to many poisoning incidents of cats and dogs in the United States, as well as renal function failure of Chinese infants.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Biochemical effect of Aqueous Carica papaya Seed and Leaf Extracts on Serum B...iosrjce
ย
The cost of administering modern anti diabetic drugs is usually beyond the reach of most people in
the low income group especially those in the developing world where the disease is on the increase. This has led
to the current shift to the use of preparations from various parts of plants because of the current increase in the
knowledge of their toxicity, side effects, active constituents and doses. This study was conducted to compare the
effects of the aqueous Carica papaya seed and leaf extracts on serum biochemistry of alloxan induced diabetic
rats especially glucose level. Male Wister rats weighing 150-200g were induced with single freshly prepared
alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight).Diabetes was confirmed after seven days in alloxan-induced rats
showing fasting blood glucose levels โฅ 200mg/dl. The diabetic rats were randomly allocated into three
experimental groups which received Seed extract, leaf extract or normal saline depending on the group. The
extracts were administered orally for twenty-eight days after which the animals were sacrificed and blood
samples were collected for Biochemical analyses. The results showed that both extracts have significant
hypoglycaemic, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects although extract of the seed proved to be more
potent than that of the leaf
Introduction to Screening Models of Hepatoprotective Drugs
Liver toxicity, Drugs causing DILI, Markers of hepatotoxicity
List of hepatoprotectives, Functions of liver
Screening models of hepatoprotective drugs
Presented by
I. Sai Reddemma
Department of Pharmacology
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Hepatoprotective activity and sub acute toxicity study of whole part of the p...Cรขy thuแปc Viแปt
ย
Objective: The present investigation aimed at phytochemical screening of the whole plant of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata (Orchidaceae) after successive extraction followed by hepatoprotective activity of its aqueous extract. The research work also focused on the sub acute toxicity study of
aqueous extract of the same plant. Methods: Successive extraction was carried out with petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water respectively. Hepatoprotective activity of its aqueous extract was investigated in carbon tetrachloride, ethanol and paracetamol induced hepatotoxic rat models and compared with silymarin (20 mg/kg) as reference standard. Sub acute toxicity study was elicited by studying the effect of Anoectochilus formosanus on the lipid profile, biochemical parameters and hematological parameters in rats and compared with standard silymarin (20 mg/kg). Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of anthraquinone glycosides, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids and saponins in the aqueous extract of the plant under investigation. Two way analysis of variance study of the
estimated biochemical parameters for instance, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase were revealed that there is significant difference (p-value < 0.0001) exists between the different treatment groups supported by least significant difference test of various biochemical parameters, which was also evident from the histopathological study of liver sections. Sub acute toxicity study revealed no significant toxic effects. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus (200 mg/kg) had shown significant hepatoprotective activity as compared to standard silymarin. Sub acute toxicity studies had concluded that it might be considered safe for a longer duration of time
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
ย
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Comparative Study of The Antioxidant Activities of Monodora Myristica And A. ...iosrjce
ย
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
Efficacy Studies of Hepatoprotective Drug Isolated from Eclipta prostrata. L.IOSR Journals
ย
In the commercial market, medicinal herbs are used as raw drugs, extracts or tinctures. Isolated
active constituents are used for applied research. Medicinal herbs are significant source of hepatoprotective
drugs, Eclipta prostrata. L. with active principle Wedelolactone is the prime focus. In the present study to derive
hepatoprotective drug, the herb E. prostrata was grown in the Periyar Maniammai College Campus, Vallam
and 1kg of the plant leaves were collected and shade dried. Dried and powdered maetria l of E. prostrata was
extracted with 80% ethanol. The active principle was isolated and identified by chromatographic technique. The
protective effect of E. prostrata on Carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver damage was also studied with male
wistar albino rats (180-230g). The protective effect was also undergone for histological studies.
Present study deals with the investigation of hepatoprotective activity of Tephrosia purpurea Linn stem. Powdered stem was extracted with methanol and subjected for the preliminary phytochemical screening. Acute toxicity study of the extract was carried out following OECD guidelines 423 and found safe upto the dose 2000 mg/kg, p.o. Hepatoprotective activity of extract was evaluated against CCl induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Rats were divided into five groups containing 4 6 mice per group. Group 1 animals were administered with vehicle only, Group II animals were administered with CCl (1.4 ml/kg p.o.) to induced hepatotoxicity, 4 group III animals were administered with silymarin (25 mg/kg) for 7 days and CCl (1.4 ml/kg p.o.) on fifth day, group IV and V animals were administered with 4 methanol extract of T. purpurea stem at 75 and 150 mg/kg, po respectively for 7 days and CCl (1.4 ml/kg p.o.) on fifth day of treatment schedule. Biochemical 4 parameters (SGPT, SGOT, ALP, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin) were assessed in all the experimental animals. Phytochemical investigation of methanol extract of T. purpurea stem revealed the presence of flavanoids, phytosterols, alkaloids and proteins. Methanol extract of T. purpurea stem was exhibited dose dependant hepatoprotective activity comparable to that of silymarin.
Evaluation of hepatoprotective agents - Hemant KanaseHemant Kanase
ย
1. Introduction
2. Hepatotoxicity: Mechanism
3. Therapeutic strategies available โ their limitations
4. In vivo models of liver damage
- Non-invasive model
a. Chemically induced hepatotoxicity
b. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity
c. Radiation-induced hepatotoxicity
d. Metal-induced hepatotoxicity
e. Diet-induced hepatotoxicity
๏ Models of Acute Hepatitis
๏ Models of chronic hepatitis
๏ Models of fibrosis
๏ Models of cholestasis
๏ Models of steatosis
4. Problems faced with animal studies
5. In vitro models of liver damage
6. Advantages and disadvantages of in vitro models
7. Parameters of evaluation
8. Clinical Assessment
The results of this study revealed that the use of natural beesโ honey has the ability to protect the liver of rats against the toxic effects of melamine.
Melamine contains 66% nitrogen by mass, so it is sometimes illegally added to food products in order to increase the apparent protein content that has recently become a serious concern. The illegal use of melamine as a food ingredient has led to many poisoning incidents of cats and dogs in the United States, as well as renal function failure of Chinese infants.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This study investigated some Liver Markers and Lipid Peroxidation of Triton-X100-Fat-Induced Albino Rats Exposed to Water Extract of Desmodium velutinum Stem. A total of thirty (30) male albino rats weighing between 180g and 200g were obtained and randomized into six (6) groups of five (5) rats each. Group A was the negative control group and the rats were fed with growerโs mash and water for 3 days, groups B-F were fed with triton-X100 solution only on the first day to make them hyperlipidemic. Then, group B rats were also fed with growerโs mash and water for 3 days, but, without treatment. Group C rats were fed with growerโs mash and water and were orally administered simvastatin drug for 3 days. Group D rats were fed with growerโs mash and water and were orally administered 50mg/kg of aqueous extract of D. velutinum for 3 days. Group E rats were fed with growerโs mash and water and were orally administered 100mg/kg of aqueous extract of D. velutinum for 3 days and Group F rats were fed with growerโs mash and water and were orally administered 200mg/kg of aqueous extract of D. velutinum for 3 days. At the end of the 3 days feeding period, the blood was collected by cardiac puncture after mild anaesthesia with chloroform, and the biochemical parameters were evaluated using standard methods. Statistical analysis of the results obtained were performed by using ANOVA tests to determine if significant difference exists between the mean of the test and the control group. The limit of significance was set at p<0.05. The results showed that in liver function test, D. velutinum did not increase the liver enzymes. Hence, its consumption could not have adverse effect on the liver. This result showed that there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in liver markers in hyperlipidemic untreated groups compared to normal control. Also, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) of hyperlipidemic treated with 200mg of D.velutinum compared to hyperlipidemic untreated.
Keywords: Liver Markers, Lipid Peroxidation, Triton-X100, Albino rats and Desmodium velutinum Stem.
Protective effects of commelina benghalensis linn (root) extract on ethanol i...IJSIT Editor
ย
The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of
alcoholic (AlE) and aqueous extract (AqE) from Commelina benghalensis root (CB) on EtOH-induced hepatic
injury in Wistar rat. Hepatotoxic parameters studied in vivo include serum transaminases (AST, and ALT),
ALP, bilirubin, protein, lipid profile (Cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and HDL) and level of antioxidants
together with histopathological examination. Liv 52ยฎ was used as a reference hepatoprotective agent
(5ml/kg-1b.w.). AlE and AqE (200 mg/kg-1b.w.) on oral administration decreased the level of AST, ALP, ALT,
bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, MDA and increased the level of protein, HDL and antioxidants (SOD,
GSH and CAT) in rats being treated with ethanol (EtOH). Pentobarbitone -induced sleeping time study was
carried out to verify the effect on microsomal enzymes Histopathological observations confirmed the
beneficial roles of MF against EtOH-induced liver injury in rats. Possible mechanism may involve their
antioxidant activity
The Effects of Rauwolfia Vomitoria Extract on the Liver Enzymes of Carbon Tet...IOSR Journals
ย
Rauwolfia vomitoria is a natural medicinal plant which has been used over the years for the treatment of various ailments. The effects of extract of rauwolfia vomitoria on liver enzymes of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity were observed in adult wistar rats weighing between 120g and 190g. They were divided into four groups A,B, C and D of six rats each. Group A served as the control and received 0.41ml of distilled water. The experimental groups B, C and D received different doses of drugs as follows : group B received 0.50ml of rauwolfia vomitoria extract, group C received 0.5ml of carbon tetrachloride and group D received 0.41ml of carbon tetrachloride + 0.4ml of rauwolfia vomitoria extract. The drugs were administered once in a day using intubation method for a period of twenty one days. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were anaesthetized under chloroform vapour and dissected . liver tissues were removed and weighed. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and Serum samples were separated from clot by centrifugation using bench top centrifuge. Activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined using randox kit method. The relative liver weight for carbon tetrachloride treated group were significantly higher (p<0.001)><0.001) than the control. The extract exhibited a liver protective effect against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of bauhinia purpurea linn.pdfgynomark
ย
Present study was carried out to investigate different extracts of Bauhinia purpurea (B.P) for its
hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. Mature leaves of Bauhinia purpurea were
collected, authenticated and was subjected to extraction using different solvents like chloroform, alcohol and
water. Healthy wistar albino rats (150-200g) of male sex were used for the in-vivo investigations. Liver damage
was induced by administration of 30% CCl4 suspended in olive oil (1ml/kg body weight). Activities of liver
marker enzymes, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT),
acid phosphatase (AP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP),total albumin(TA), total bilirubin(TB), Total protein(TP),
direct bilirubin (DB) at a dose of aqueous extract of leaves (100 mg/kg) chloroform extract of leaf of B.P
(100mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) and ethanol extract of leaf of B.P (100mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) showed a significant
hepatoprotective effect in comparison with the standard (sylimarin). It is also confirmed by liver
histopathology of treated animals. The present study demonstrated the extracts of B.P have hepatoprotective
effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity.
The present study revealed a significant decrease in
the serum enzyme levels which can be attributed to
hepatoprotection. BP extract was found to decrease
the levels of ALP, ACP significantly and there is a
dose dependent decrease in the elevated SGOT and
SGPT levels of the extracts when compared to CCl4
group.
CCl4 treated Liver showed perivenular necrosis,
steatosis with degree of steatosis being variable
from ballooning degeneration to necrosis. Central
lobular vacuoles, frequently dilated and congested
central veins were seen with dilatation of
surrounding sinusoids, which contradicted to the
observations of standard sylmarin, the aqueous,
chloroform and alcoholic extracts showed a clear
portal tract and central vein with normal lobular
architecture and decreased cell degeneration
indicating the hepatoprotective action of extracts of
B.purpurea. The histopathological studies further
confirmed the above results presented in fig 1-8.
Therefore, from the above study the extracts of
Bauhinia purpurea exhibited potent
hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced liver
toxicity which can be ascribed to its ability to
decrease the oxidative damage.
Polygonum Persicaria (Linn.) and its Active Principle have a hepatoprotective...AI Publications
ย
The aim of this analysis was to see whether the aqueous extract of the roots of Polygonum persicaria (PP) and its active principle, Tannic Acid (TA), had a hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect in rats provided Carbon tetrachloride (1.5 ml/kg, i.p). Twenty albino wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, hepatotoxicity with Polygonum persicaria and Tannic acid, and a normal group given 100 mg/kg silymarin. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed. Toxicity testing was carried out on 12 rats. They were randomly allocated to one of three groups: control, Polygonum persicaria 200 mg/kg (B.wt), and Tannic acid 200 mg/kg (B.wt). The amounts of liver homogenate enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase enzymes) were greatly restored by extracts of PP and TA at the tested concentrations, supporting the biochemical results. Tannic acid, in contrast to Polygonum persicaria, tends to have a greater liver defensive role toward carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, as well as antioxidant properties and mild anticancer activity against cell viability at higher concentrations. The histological alterations in the liver indicated the injury. Polygonum persicaria & its active principle Tannic acid has strong antioxidant properties as well as hepatoprotective effects against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, as demonstrated by these observations.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
ย
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Protective Effects of Ethanol Leaf-Extract of Cajanus Cajan (Linn) in Alcohol...CrimsonpublishersTTEH
ย
Protective Effects of Ethanol Leaf-Extract of Cajanus Cajan (Linn) in Alcohol Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Rats by NN Ezeani* in Crimson Publishers: Telemedicine and e-Health
The protective effects of ethanol leaf-extract of Cajanus cajan in alcohol induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats were investigated. Thirty-six albino rats were assigned into six (6) experimental groups (A, B, C, D, E, F) with six rats in each group. Group A (Normal control) was administered normal saline only. Group B (standard control) was administered 5mg/kg body weight of standard drug (Silymarin); group C (positive control) was administered 3.7g/kg body weight of 99.7% ethanol while rats in groups D,E and F (test groups) were administered graded doses of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg body weights of ethanol leaf-extract of Cajanus cajan respectively. Rats in standard control and test groups were administered 3.7g/kg body weight of 99.7% ethanol, once a day, 3 hours after administration of standard drug and ethanol leaf-extract of Cajanus cajan respectively. The administration lasted for 14 days through oral intubation. The result of our investigation showed that creatinine, uric acid and urea were significantly (P<0.05) increased in positive control group compared to the levels observed in the normal and standard control groups. However, groups administered ethanol leaf-extract of Cajanus cajan at the doses of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg body weight all showed a significant (P<0.05) reversal in the trends of these parameters to concentrations comparable to those observed in the positive and normal control groups. The findings of this study suggest that ethanol leaf-extract of Cajanus cajan may have potentials that could be exploited for development of chemotherapies against renal toxicity.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteh/fulltext/TTEH.000528.php
For more Open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more Articles on Telemedicine and e-Health
please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteh/index.php
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Evaluation of Antiurolithiatic Activity of Canthium dicoccum Ethanolic Extrac...gynomark
ย
Objective:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Canthium dicoccum on
Gentamicin and Caliculi Producing Diet (CPD) induced urolithasis in rats.
Methods:
Thirty male albino wistarrats were divided randomly into six groups. Group I were treated with normal
saline, Group II were treated with Gentamicin for a period of 7 days, Group III treated with Cystone
(p.o), Group IV,V,VI was treated with plant extract 150, 300,600 mg/kg respectively for 14 days with
gentamicin treatment from day 7 to 14. All the animals were fed with caliculi Producing diet for entire
study period. Later, urine samples were collected at the end of the studyand analysed for renal function
parameters like Creatiinine, BUN, Serum Urea etc. The kidneys of the sacrificed animals were isolated
and sectioned for histopathological studies.
Results:
The rats treated with ethanolic extract of canthiumdicoccum at doses 150,300,600 mg/kg significantly
showed improved effect and prevented urolithasis in rats which is evident in the reduction of creatinine,
Urea and BUN levels when compared to gentamicin treated group. The histopathological studies also
showed less degenerative changes.It also decreased crystal deposition markedly into the renal tubules
in number as well as size and prevented damage to the renal tubules.
Conclusion:
The results demonstrated that the ethanolic extract had significantly reduced the urolithiasis that was
caused by an CPD diet combined with gentamicine injection in rats.
Keywords: Gentamicin, Anti-Urolithiatic activity, Canthiumdicoccum, ethanol.
Effect of astaxanthin on ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasisIOSR Journals
ย
Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common and painful of urological disorders with a high prevalence rate. The role of calcium oxalate crystals, which are the predominant component of kidney stones in generating oxidative stress, have been clearly demonstrated in previous studies. Astaxanthin, found in marine organisms is a dietary xanthophyll carotenoid with enhanced antioxidative properties and pharmacological effects. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of this natural antioxidant, at a daily dose of 25mg/kg in experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in male Wistar rats. Liver function markers, hepatic antioxidants, albumin creatinine ratios, renal calcium content and changes in body and kidney weight have been studied to evaluate the effect of this carotenoid in vivo. The effect of citrate, a component of most pharmaceutical drugs for management of nephrolithiasis has also been evaluated for the purpose of comparison with astaxanthin treatment. Astaxanthin is seen to exert a protective effect on the liver and kidney tissues in ethylene glycol treated rats by improving the liver function, restoring the activity of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes, decreasing the albumin creatinine ratios and calcium levels and maintaining the organ to body weight ratio. Our results also indicate that astaxanthin administration is more beneficial than citrate treatment
Effect of Piper crocatum Extract Against Weight Loss and Liver Enzyme Levels ...iosrphr_editor
ย
Piper crocatum is one of Indonesian medicinal plant that contain flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of Piper crocatum aqueous extract against a decrease in body weight (BW) and the activity of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism (AMPK, ACC, FAS) in liver obese rats. This study used four groups of Sprague dawley rat (n = 6), including normal group (N), obese controls (OC), Piper crocatum extract dose 1260 mg/kgBW (PcA), and Piper crocatum extract dose of 1890 mg/kgBW (PcB). Measurement of metabolic liver enzyme levels (AMPK, ACC, FAS) are using ELISA kit (CusabioTM). Results of this study showed that the PcA group produce the highest reduction in body weight (4.52%), and the lowest levels of ACC (9.13 ng/g) and FAS (360.68 ng/g) which was significantly different from obese control group (95% CI). Piper crocatum extract can't activate AMPK. The highest levels in rat liver AMPK is in N group with 8.42 ng/g, but this value is not significantly different from other groups.
Medicinal Effects of Solanum Aethiopicum Leaf Ethanolic Extracts on Renal and...ijtsrd
ย
The effect of Solanum aethiopicum leaf extracts on, hepatic and renal function was studied. Twenty five wistar albino rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. Apart from the control group, the experimental groups were given compounded feed of ground Solanum aethiopicum leaf and normal pelletized rats feed. Results obtained for hepatic and renal function revealed significance effect p 0.05 on some of the parameters investigated in test rats against those of the control. This study has shown the effect of Solanum aethiopicum leaf extract on hepatic and renal function. Eze, H. C | Okoli Ik | Ajogwu Tobechukwu Maximilian | Okafor, Onyedika Ifeanyi | Ozor, Chinwendu Njideka "Medicinal Effects of Solanum Aethiopicum Leaf Ethanolic Extracts on Renal and Hepatic Function of Wistar Rats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46339.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/46339/medicinal-effects-of-solanum-aethiopicum-leaf-ethanolic-extracts-on-renal-and-hepatic-function-of-wistar-rats/eze-h-c
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
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Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. Youโll also learn
โข Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
โข The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
โข Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
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๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ (๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
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3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
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A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
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This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
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This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
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Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
Explore our most comprehensive guide on lookback analysis at SafePaaS, covering access governance and how it can transform modern ERP audits. Browse now!
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
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It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
ย
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
ย
This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to
effectively manage the convert Accpac to QuickBooks , with a particular focus on utilizing online accounting services to streamline the process.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
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At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdf
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The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
||Volume||2 ||Issue|| 7 ||Pages|| 54-59||2013||
ISSN(e): 2319 โ 1813 ISSN(p): 2319 โ 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 54
The Effects of Moringa Extract On Liver Enzymes Of Carbon
Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity In Adult Wister Rats.
1
Ezejindu D.N., 1
Chinweife K. C., 2
Ihentuge C.J.
1
Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi
2
Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Imo State University, oweri.
---------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------------
This Work Focuses Primarily On The The Effects Of Moringa Extract On Liver Enzymes Of
Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity In Adult Wister Rats. Twenty Wister Rats
Weighing Between 140 - 220g Were Used. The Rats Were Divided Into Four Groups Of A, B, C
And D Of Five Animals Each. Group A Served As Control And Received 0.5ml Of Distilled
Water. Group B, C And D Received Different Doses Of Drugs As Follows: Group B Received
0.8ml Of Extract; Group C Received 0.4ml Of Carbon Tetrachloride While Group D Received
0.4ml Of Tetrachloride And 0.8ml Of Extract. The Administration Lasted For Twenty Eight
Days Between The Hours Of 12 โ 3:30pm Using Intubation Method. Twenty Four Hours After
The Last Administration, Liver Tissues Were Removed And Weighed. Blood For Serum
Preparation Were Collected Through Cardiac Puncture. Serum Samples Were Separated From
Clot By Centrifugation Using Bench Top Centrifuge. Activities Of Serum Aspartate
Aminotransferase Alanine Phosphatase Level And Alkaline Phosphatase Level Were
Determined Using Randox Kit Method. The Relative Liver Weight For Carbon Tetrachloride
Group Were Significantly Higher (P < 0.001) Compared With The Control. The Serum
Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminotransferase , Alkaline Phosphate Were
Significantly Higher ( P < 0.001) Then The Control. The Values For Group B And D Increased
Significantly Relative To Control. The Result Showed That No Adverse Biochemical Changes
Are Associated With The Use Of Moringa Extract. This May Be Attributed To Its Anti-Oxidant
Properties.
KEYWORDS: Moringa, Liver Enzymes, Liver Weight, Hepatotoxicity, Wister Rat.
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Date of Submission: 1July. 2013 Date of Publication: 22.July 2013
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I. INTRODUCTION
The liver is the largest of the abdominal viscera, occupying a substantial portion of the upper
abdominal cavity. It performs a wide range of metabolic activities necessary for homeostasis, nutrition and
immune defence. It is composed largely of epithelial cells (hepatocytes), which are bathed in blood derived from
the hepatic portal veins and hepatic arteries. There is continuous chemical exchange between the cells and the
blood. Hepatocytes are also associated with an extensive system of minute canals, which form the biliary system
into which products are secreted. The liver is important in the removal and breakdown of toxic, or potentially
toxic, materials from the blood [26]
.In adults the liver weighs 2% of body mass [15,26]
.The liver is a highly
sensitive organ which plays a major role in maintenance and performance of the homeostasis in our body. It is
the chief organ where important processes like metabolism and detoxification take place.Thus the liver is proned
to injury due to the chronic exposure to drugs, environmental toxicants and other xenobiotics[23]
.The liver
disorders are one of the serious health problems, throughout the world. More than 350 million people were
affected with chronic hepatic infections and in India above 20,000 deaths were reported every year due to liver
disorders. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common tumors in the world with over 250,000 new
cases each year[24]
. One of the major functions of the liver is the manufacture and secretion of bile, which is
stored in the gall bladder and released in the small intestine. It is the main organ for the synthesis and storage of
carbohydrate energy in the form of glycogen. It can store up to 6 to 7% of its weight as glycogen, and readily
breaks this down to glucose on demand by the tissues. Inter-conversion of food stuff is accomplished by the
liver. Normally, the liver itself stores little if any gross fat, but excess fat may accumulate in it in starvation,
excessive carbohydrate feeding, and deficiency of chlorine or as a result of the action of hepatotoxins such as
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alcohol, carbon tetrachloride and phosphorous. In addition to manufacturing the large variety of
enzymes and other proteins required by its own cells and large amount of protein for โexportโ [25]
.The liver
contains thousands of enzymes some of which are also present in serum in very low concentration. These
enzymes have no known function in serum other than to provide information about hepatic state and disorders.
These enzymes are distributed in plasma and in interstitial fluid and have characteristic half-lives, usually
measured in days. The elevation of a given enzyme activity in serum reflects its increase rate of entrance into
serum from damaged liver cells like AST, ALT, ALP. Specific isoenzymes of AST are present in the liver cell
mitochondria and cytoplasm whereas ALT is confined to the cytoplasm[22]
. The amino transferases
(transaminases) are one group of enzymes that are sensitive indicators of liver cell injury[12]
. Their serum levels
are especially altered in hepatocellular disease particularly in acute diseases and they are often referred to as
hepatocellular enzymes[22]
. Elevated serum transaminase levels are typically associated with acute hepatocellular
necrosis and reflect the release of enzymes from the cytoplasm of dying cells. Other features such as fatty
degeneration, infiltration by inflammatory cells are variable and reflect the severity of injury[11]
.Moringa oleifera
is the most widely cultivated species of a monogeric family, the Moringacea e that is native to the sub-
Himalayan tracts of India, Pakistan,Ban gladesh and Afghanistan. Moringa oleifera or the horseradish tree is a
pan-tropical species that is known. It is believed to have variety usages which include combating malnutrition,
anticancer and is being promoted as a panacea[4,6,7,816]
. Thus this study was undertaken to investigate the
hepatoprotective nature of Moringa oleifera on induction of CCl4 known to cause liver damage in wistar rats
since it has been used non-conventionally in the treatment of certain diseases associated with liver, kidney,
cough, diarrhoea etc. Cirrhosis can be induced in animals by chronic administration of carbon tetrachloride or
aflatoxin or several chemical carcinogens[10]
.Moringa preparation have been cited in the scientific literature as
having antibiotic, anti inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, and hypoglycaemic activities, as well as having
considerable efficacy in water purification by flocculation, sedimentation, antibiosis and even reduction of
schitosome cercariae titer[14]
.
Some plants with reported hepatoprotective properties are Garcinia kola Ker Gaul (Clausiaceae),
Tinospora cordifolia (A. Rich.), Ricinus communis Linn (Euphorbiaceae), Curcuma longa Linn (Zingiberaceae),
Enicostemma littorale Blume (Gentianaceae), Flaveria trinervia Linn (Asteriaceae), Moringa and Boerhaavia
diffusa Linn (Nyctaginaceae) [3,19,20]
. Plants are a major source of novel anti-oxidant and hepatoprotective agents
since many industrial drugs are derived as a result of knowledge got from folklore medicine[2]
. Some of the
herbal preparations speed up the natural healing processes of the liver[17]
. Phellinus rimosus (Berk) Platt
(Hymenochaetaceae), a mushroom has been shown to protect the liver from acute and chronic carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by restoring the liver anti-oxidant status, inhibiting the phase
I and enhancing the phase II enzyme activities[1]
.This study focuses on the effects of moringa extract on liver
enzymes of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in adult wister rats.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
PROCUREMENT OF PLANT: The leaves of Moringa oleifera was procured from Nibo in Awka south
(Anambra) and authenticated at the department of Botany Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.
Preparation of extract: Fresh leaves of Moringa oleifera were collected, shade-dried and pounded into powder
before extraction. The powder was macerated into absolute alcohol at room temperature. The filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressure and later evaporated in a water bath using evaporating dish at 45o
C. A
greenish paste was obtained.
Experimental animals: Twenty (20) adult Wistar rats weighing 150 to 210 g were obtained for the study. The
animals were fed with standard diet and water and were adapted to the laboratory environment in the
Department of Human Anatomy for two weeks in order to acclimatize. The administration lasted for twenty
eight days between the hours of 12 โ 3:30pm using intubation method.
Wistar rats weighing between140 and 220 g were grouped into four (4) groups of A, B, C and D of five animals
each. Group A served as control and received 0.5ml of distilled water. Group B, C and D received different
doses of drugs as follows:
๏ท group B received 0.8ml of extract.
๏ท group C received 0.4ml of carbon tetrachloride.
๏ท group D received 0.4ml of tetrachloride and 0.8ml of extract.
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Oral route of administration was used and the administration lasted for twenty days.
Tissue processing and staining: Twenty four hours after the the last administration, liver tissues were removed
and weighed. Blood for serum preparation were collected through cardiac puncture. Serum samples were
separated from clot by centrifugation using bench top centrifuge. Activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase
alanine phosphatase level and alkaline phosphatase level were determined using randox kit method. They were
then dissected and the liver tissues were removed, and immediately fixed in 10% formalin. The tissues were
transferred into an automatic processor where they went through a process of dehydration in ascending grades of
alcohol (ethanol) 70, 80, 95% and absolute alcohol for 2 changes each. The tissues were then cleared in Xylene
and embedded in paraffin wax. Serial sections of 5 micron thick were obtained using a rotary microtome. The
tissue sections were deparaffinised hydrated and stained using the routine haematoxylin and eosin staining
method (H&E). The stained sections were examined under the light microscope.
III. RESULTS
In the study, ALT, AST, ALP activities were used to measure the protective effect of M.oleifera on
CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats was examined and interpreted and the result is presented in table 1
and figure below; However, significant (p<0.05) increase was recorded for group C (135.86ยฑ2.20), when
compared with the control (90.55ยฑ 0.40). Beside, significant (p<0.05) decreased was observed in moringa
treated group B (87.40ยฑ2.0), when compared with those that only CCl4. Significant (p<0.05) decrease was
observed in Group D compared to group C. More so, no significant (p>0.05) changes was observed for serum
ALT levels all compared with the control. Furthermore, similar trend observed for serum AST levels was also
recorded for ALP levels.
TABLE 1 Effect of crude extract of M.oleifera on serum enzyme activities of ccl4 induced hepatotoxicity
induce rats.
Groups Treatment Dose Enzyme activity
AST ALT ALP
A Control โฆโฆโฆโฆ 90.56ยฑ0.40 23.50ยฑ2.25 1.60ยฑ0.06
B Moringa extract 0.8ml of moringa
extract.
87.40ยฑ2.0 23.50ยฑ2.25 1.67ยฑ0.12
C CCl4 0.4ml of CCl4 135.05ยฑ2.20 23.50ยฑ2.25 1.68ยฑ0.09
D Moringa extract and
carbon tetrachloride
0.8ml of moringa
extract and 0.4ml of
CCl4
114.64ยฑ7.04 23.50ยฑ2.25 1.13ยฑ0.10
Values are means ยฑ standard deviation (n=6 for each group).
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FIGURE 1 Histopathological examination of the hepatoprotective activity of M.oleifera on CCl4 hepatotoxicity
induced rats.
FIGURES DISCUSSION
Fig. A Cords of hepatocytes with well
preserved cytoplasm, not
vacuolated, sinusoidal well
demarcated, no area of necrosis,
no fatty changes, no fatty
degeneration.
Fig.B Cords of hepatocytes are distinct
essentially normal, no fatty
change, cytoplasm not
vacuolated.
Fig.C
Hepatocytes are vacuolated,
enlarged cytoplasm, nuclear
darkly stained, and area shows
extensive fatty change
(steatosis), presence of necrosis.
Fig. D Very little fatty change. Most
areas appear to have recovered,
hepatocytes well preserved and
not vacuolated. Liver is
essentially normal. There is
further improvement when
compared with Fig.D
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IV. DISCUSSION
Liver is an organ involved in many metabolic functions and is prone to xenobiotic injury because of its
central role in xenobiotic metabolism18
. Hepatotoxic drugs cause damage to the liver[18,19]
. Carbon tetrachloride
was used in this study to induce the liver damage (Fig. C) and it was reported to be hepatotoxic[13,21]
. Based on
the results obtained, we therefore inferred that Moringa oleifera leave extract has some protective effect on the
liver as shown by the reduced damage in group D (Fig. D). The reduced necrosis of cells in the group III study
might be due in part to the presence of chemical constituents which have hepatoprotective properties. Liver
protective herbal drugs contain a variety of chemical constituents like phenols, coumarins, lignans, essential oil,
monoterpenes, carotinoids, glycosides, flavonoids, organic acids, lip ids, alkaloids and xanthenes[9]
, this may be
present in the Moringa oleifera and so responsible for this effect. From this study, we therefore inferred that
ethanolic leave extract of Moringa oleifera has an appreciable ability to prevent damage to the liver.
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