Hypothesize a way for a virus to evade a host defense & then devise an experiment with controls
to either prove or disprove.
Solution
Answer :
The immune system is one of an organism\'s most complex systems and shows many signs of
coevolution with parasites. It is well tuned to its task, as otherwise long-lived multicellular
organisms would probably not be able to survive and outpace their short-lived and numerous
parasites.
For example we consider the RHV in human beings which causes the common cold which is
earlier identified with the morphological and siymptoms caused in th human beings. The causal
organism has co evolved depending upon the antibiotics used to control the organism but it has
co evolved. To check the co evolution the follwing experiment can be conducted with
Polymerase chain reaction.
Intially the RHV samples i.e common cold samples were collected and the virus was isolated the
RNA from the organism from which the cDNA is synthesised and checked for the amplication
with primers designed for the vrulence genes of the organism. The control sample was prepared
from the sequnced strain of RHV then the test samples were subjected for PCR amplification.
The positive control sample gives a specific band whichis compared with the test samples. If the
same band gets amplifies then the strain is not changed or evolved but if there is any change in
the amplification then the strain have changed indicating the virulence has changed which may
result in loss of function or gain of function..
The 'omics' revolution: How will it improve our understanding of infections a...WAidid
This slideset explains the ‘Omics’ technology and its role in the study of infections and vaccination. It is a revolution as it offers powerful tools to interrogate the animal / human immune response to vaccines and infections.
The 'omics' revolution: How will it improve our understanding of infections a...WAidid
This slideset explains the ‘Omics’ technology and its role in the study of infections and vaccination. It is a revolution as it offers powerful tools to interrogate the animal / human immune response to vaccines and infections.
Novel research aimed at finding a cure for AIDS requires animal models responding to human antiretroviral drugs. However, there have been few antiretrovirals cross-active against the simian viruses. In this study, we expanded the arsenal of drugs active against the simian retrovirus SIVmac251 and showed that this virus is inhibited by the protease inhibitor, darunavir, and the CCR5 blocker, maraviroc. Administration of these two drugs in combination with the reverse transcriptase inhibitors, tenofovir and emtricitabine, and the integrase inhibitor, raltegravir, resulted in prolonged plasma viral loads below assay detection limits, and, surprisingly, restricted the viral reservoir, a marker of which is viral DNA. We then decided to employ this multidrug regimen (termed “highly intensified ART”) in order to increase the potency of a previous strategy based on the gold drug auranofin, which recently proved able to restrict the viral reservoir in vivo. A short course of highly intensified ART following the previous treatment resulted, upon therapy suspension, in a remarkably spontaneous control of the infection, that may pave the way to a persistent suppression of viremia in the absence of ART. These results corroborate the robustness of the macaque AIDS model as a vanguard for potentially future treatments for HIV in humans.
Cytomegalovirus infection in kidny transplantationhadi lashini
HCMV infection is a frequent complication of kidney transplantation, especially in the period 1 to 4 months after transplantation. Overall incidences of HCMV infection and disease during the first 100 days post-transplantation, 60% and 25% respectively, when no HCMV prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy is given. HCMV infection is an independent risk-factor for kidney graft rejection and associated with high morbidity and mortality rates .
Identify a article about a communicable or noncommunicable disease i.pdfarchanaemporium
Identify a article about a communicable or noncommunicable disease in the news from a
reputable news source (Ex. Washington Post, New York Times, USA Today). Give some
information about the health topic Wikipedia is NOT a credible source Discuss how the article
addresses the disease Explain your thoughts about how the issue was addressed in the article
(YOU MUST INCLUDE LINK TO THE ARTICLE IN YOUR APPLICATION o
Solution
Answer:
The legal accountability of the cholera communicable disease is meticulous aspects of federal
and state governments in United Nations so that it is possible to rule of eradication of
communicable diseases finally attain diplomatic immunity from the victims’ claims (specifically
from Haiti victims suffering from Cholera). The issues are addressed as per moral accountability
demands so that U.N. health care officials has successfully implementing policies to eradicate
communicable -cholera inside the UN communities by providing health water supply &
sanitation infrastructure in Haiti & UN. This is the acid-base imbalance inside the patient\'s body
result in fluid abnormality i.e. dehydration. It is causing \"dehydration\". Hypokaelmia is mainly
leading to low heart rate with low systolic blood pressure as observed in the above case and
higher emesis is leading to ill-appearing, pale, diaphoretic nature during cholera exposure.
Therefore, state and federal governments successfully implement therapeutic strategies to treat
cholera patients in communities of USA
Washington Post:
The Post\'s View
The United Nations comes clean(ish) on cholera in Haiti.
i safari File Edit View History Bookmarks Window Help 67 D. Thu 101.pdfarchanaemporium
i safari File Edit View History Bookmarks Window Help 67% D. Thu 10:12 PM
azybooks.zyante.com 0 UC Riverside Buckys C++ P Chegg Study Chegg.com Please Help, E...
Please Help, E... CS 010/10v 1... Strings: Mem.. Strings - YouT Branching- C 4.7 PROGRAM 4
(part 1): Text message decoder VERIFY EMAIL | × .6 LAB 4: Loops-Replacing cha characters
4.7 PROGRAM 4 (part 1): Text message decoder (1) Use getline) to get a line of user input into
a string. Output the line. Ex: Enter text: IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFF\'s birthday You entered:
IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFF\'s birthday (2) Extend to search the string (using find0) for common
abbreviations and print a list of each found abbreviation along with its decoded meaning. Ex
Enter text: IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFFs birthday You entered: IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFF s
birthday BFF: best friend forever IDK: I don\'t know Support these abbreviations: BFF -best
friend forever IDK--Idon\'t know JK -- just kidding TMI- too much information ·TYL-talk to you
later Lab Submission 4.7.1: Sion 4.7.1: PROGRAM 4 (part 1): Text message decoder C++
Spaces: 1 20
Solution
str=input(\'enter text :\')
print \'you entered \',str
if(str.find(\'BFF\')!=null):
print \'BFF:best friends forever \'
if(str.find(\'IDK\')!=null):
print \'IDK: I dont know \'
if(str.find(\'JK\')!=null):
print \'JK : just kidding \'
if(str.find(\'TMI\')!=null):
print \'TMI : too much information \'
if(str.find(\'TTYL\')!=null):
print \'TTYL : talk to you later\'.
More Related Content
Similar to Hypothesize a way for a virus to evade a host defense & then devise .pdf
Novel research aimed at finding a cure for AIDS requires animal models responding to human antiretroviral drugs. However, there have been few antiretrovirals cross-active against the simian viruses. In this study, we expanded the arsenal of drugs active against the simian retrovirus SIVmac251 and showed that this virus is inhibited by the protease inhibitor, darunavir, and the CCR5 blocker, maraviroc. Administration of these two drugs in combination with the reverse transcriptase inhibitors, tenofovir and emtricitabine, and the integrase inhibitor, raltegravir, resulted in prolonged plasma viral loads below assay detection limits, and, surprisingly, restricted the viral reservoir, a marker of which is viral DNA. We then decided to employ this multidrug regimen (termed “highly intensified ART”) in order to increase the potency of a previous strategy based on the gold drug auranofin, which recently proved able to restrict the viral reservoir in vivo. A short course of highly intensified ART following the previous treatment resulted, upon therapy suspension, in a remarkably spontaneous control of the infection, that may pave the way to a persistent suppression of viremia in the absence of ART. These results corroborate the robustness of the macaque AIDS model as a vanguard for potentially future treatments for HIV in humans.
Cytomegalovirus infection in kidny transplantationhadi lashini
HCMV infection is a frequent complication of kidney transplantation, especially in the period 1 to 4 months after transplantation. Overall incidences of HCMV infection and disease during the first 100 days post-transplantation, 60% and 25% respectively, when no HCMV prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy is given. HCMV infection is an independent risk-factor for kidney graft rejection and associated with high morbidity and mortality rates .
Identify a article about a communicable or noncommunicable disease i.pdfarchanaemporium
Identify a article about a communicable or noncommunicable disease in the news from a
reputable news source (Ex. Washington Post, New York Times, USA Today). Give some
information about the health topic Wikipedia is NOT a credible source Discuss how the article
addresses the disease Explain your thoughts about how the issue was addressed in the article
(YOU MUST INCLUDE LINK TO THE ARTICLE IN YOUR APPLICATION o
Solution
Answer:
The legal accountability of the cholera communicable disease is meticulous aspects of federal
and state governments in United Nations so that it is possible to rule of eradication of
communicable diseases finally attain diplomatic immunity from the victims’ claims (specifically
from Haiti victims suffering from Cholera). The issues are addressed as per moral accountability
demands so that U.N. health care officials has successfully implementing policies to eradicate
communicable -cholera inside the UN communities by providing health water supply &
sanitation infrastructure in Haiti & UN. This is the acid-base imbalance inside the patient\'s body
result in fluid abnormality i.e. dehydration. It is causing \"dehydration\". Hypokaelmia is mainly
leading to low heart rate with low systolic blood pressure as observed in the above case and
higher emesis is leading to ill-appearing, pale, diaphoretic nature during cholera exposure.
Therefore, state and federal governments successfully implement therapeutic strategies to treat
cholera patients in communities of USA
Washington Post:
The Post\'s View
The United Nations comes clean(ish) on cholera in Haiti.
i safari File Edit View History Bookmarks Window Help 67 D. Thu 101.pdfarchanaemporium
i safari File Edit View History Bookmarks Window Help 67% D. Thu 10:12 PM
azybooks.zyante.com 0 UC Riverside Buckys C++ P Chegg Study Chegg.com Please Help, E...
Please Help, E... CS 010/10v 1... Strings: Mem.. Strings - YouT Branching- C 4.7 PROGRAM 4
(part 1): Text message decoder VERIFY EMAIL | × .6 LAB 4: Loops-Replacing cha characters
4.7 PROGRAM 4 (part 1): Text message decoder (1) Use getline) to get a line of user input into
a string. Output the line. Ex: Enter text: IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFF\'s birthday You entered:
IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFF\'s birthday (2) Extend to search the string (using find0) for common
abbreviations and print a list of each found abbreviation along with its decoded meaning. Ex
Enter text: IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFFs birthday You entered: IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFF s
birthday BFF: best friend forever IDK: I don\'t know Support these abbreviations: BFF -best
friend forever IDK--Idon\'t know JK -- just kidding TMI- too much information ·TYL-talk to you
later Lab Submission 4.7.1: Sion 4.7.1: PROGRAM 4 (part 1): Text message decoder C++
Spaces: 1 20
Solution
str=input(\'enter text :\')
print \'you entered \',str
if(str.find(\'BFF\')!=null):
print \'BFF:best friends forever \'
if(str.find(\'IDK\')!=null):
print \'IDK: I dont know \'
if(str.find(\'JK\')!=null):
print \'JK : just kidding \'
if(str.find(\'TMI\')!=null):
print \'TMI : too much information \'
if(str.find(\'TTYL\')!=null):
print \'TTYL : talk to you later\'.
I dont know what is wrong with this roulette program I cant seem.pdfarchanaemporium
I don\'t know what is wrong with this roulette program I can\'t seem to get it to run.
Game Class:
public class Game {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Table table = new Table();
BinBuilder bb = new BinBuilder();
Outcome black = new Outcome(\"Black\", 35);
Bet bet = new Bet(10, black);
table.placeBet(bet);
Bin bin = bb.wheel.get(8);
System.out.println(bin.toString());
System.out.println(table.bets.toString());
System.out.println(black.toString());
ListIterator i = table.bets.listIterator();
Iterator b = bin.outcomes.iterator();
while(i.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(i.next().outcome.name.toString());
while(b.hasNext()){
System.out.println(b.next().name.toString());
if(i.next().outcome.equals(b.next())){
System.out.println(\"Win!\");
}
else{
System.out.println(\"Win :/\");
}
}
}
}
}
Player Class
public class Player {
public Table table;
public Outcome black;
public Bet bet;
public Player(Table table) {
table = new Table();
black = new Outcome(\"Black\", 1);
}
void placeBets() {
Bet bet = new Bet(100, black);
table.placeBet(bet);
}
void win(Bet bet) {
System.out.println(\"You\'ve won: \" + bet.winAmount());
}
void lose(Bet bet) {
System.out.println(\"You lost!\" + bet.loseAmount() + \":/\");
}
}
Outcome class
public class Outcome implements Comparable {
public String name;
public int odds;
public Outcome(String name, int odds){
this.name = name;
this.odds = odds;
}
public int winAmount(int amount){
return amount*this.odds;
}
public boolean equals(Outcome other){
return (this.name.equals(other.name));
}
public String toString() {
Object[] values= { name, new Integer(odds) };
String msgTempl= \"{0} ({1}:1)\";
return MessageFormat.format( msgTempl, values );
}
@Override
public int compareTo(E arg0) {
if(this.equals(arg0)){
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
}
Table Class
public class Table {
public int limit = 1000;
public LinkedList bets;
public Table() {
bets = new LinkedList();
}
public boolean isValid(Bet bet) {
int sum = 0;
for(Bet bett: bets) {
sum += bett.amountBet;
}
return (sum>limit);
}
public void placeBet(Bet bet) {
bets.add(bet);
}
ListIterator iterator() {
return bets.listIterator();
}
}
Wheel Class
public class Wheel extends TreeSet {
Vector bins;
NonRandom rng;
Set all_outcomes;
Wheel(NonRandom rng){
this.rng = rng;
rng = new NonRandom();
all_outcomes = new TreeSet();
bins = new Vector(38);
for (int i=0; i<38; i++){
bins.add(i, new Bin());
}
}
Bin next(){
int rand = rng.next(38);
return bins.elementAt(rand);
}
Bin get(int bin){
return bins.elementAt(bin);
}
public Outcome getOutcome( String name ){
TreeSet result= new TreeSet();
for( Iterator i = all_outcomes.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
Outcome oc= i.next();
if( oc.name.contains(name) ) {result.add( oc );}
}
return result.first();
}
public void addOutcome(int bin, Outcome outcome) {
all_outcomes.add(outcome);
this.bins.elementAt(bin).add(outcome);
}
}
Bet Class
public class Bet {
public int amountBet;
public Outcome outcome;
public Bet(int amount, Outcome outcome) {
this.outcome = o.
I know that water molecules attract each other, but why do water mol.pdfarchanaemporium
I know that water molecules attract each other, but why do water molecules also attract other
sorts of molecules, particularly ions?
Solution
When salts are dissolved in water theions are separated
The water is highly polar The water molecule closest tothe dissolved ions are strongly attached
to it.& forming primary or inner hydration shell
Positively charged ions such as Na+ attract the negatively charged i.e. oxygen ends of water
molecules
polarity of water= water is covalent molecule where the electrons are shared between atoms
adhesion ofwater molecule = the attraction of water molecule for other molecules called as
adhesion.
How can Internet technologies be involved in improving a process in .pdfarchanaemporium
How can Internet technologies be involved in improving a process in one of the functions of
business? Choose one example and evaluate its business value.
Refer to the Real World Case on Dow Corning and DirectTV in the chapter. Are mobile
applications limited to be scaled-down versions of their enterprise counterparts, or will
companies start to develop enterprise applications thinking about mobile deployments? Discuss.
What are some of the reasons that make it so challenging to mobilize an existing enterprise
application? How did the companies featured in the case tackle that challenge?
Solution
Now a days internet technology is playing a major role in the business in improving the process
of the function because it improved the sales process extremely The Internet sales is not only for
the business with having a store front presence to increase their sales, the internet has allowed for
a whole new market. Internet based retail companies are growing much faster in selling the
products some of them are Flipkart,amazon,ebay,shopclues,etc.,
In todays generation the mobile phone has became a part of our dialy life. Many mobile users
they need quick, task-oriented applications. All this is achievable, and what we are seeing that
integrators providing middleware platform to connecting mobile devices to corporate systems, so
hence there\'s no reason that to believe that Enterprise resource planning developers won\'t need
a big piece of that action.
Mobilizing the existing enterprise application has many challenges that companies are facing
today.
-> The enterprise must have to pay an attention on the 3rd party mobile applications because of
two reasons. The first reason, in order to determine which of the 3rd party desktop, including
browser-based, applications they have previously adopted will need to be mobilized.
-> Second reason is to consider that such applications as many alternatives to internally
developed applications whose mobilization is proving unfeasible..
How many paths are there in a tree with n nodesHow many paths a.pdfarchanaemporium
How many paths are there in a tree with n nodes?
How many paths are there in a tree with n nodes?
Solution
Path - A walk(open) in which no vertex comes more than 1.
Also in a tree threre is no parallel path and self loop.So there is unique path between each pair of
vertices .So total number of path is form by selecting any two vertex from given number of
nodes or vertex.
Total number of path =nC2=n(n-1)/2..
How many ways can letters of the word SINGAPORE be arranged such that.pdfarchanaemporium
How many ways can letters of the word SINGAPORE be arranged such that the letters SIN
appear together and in that order?
Solution
The word given is \"Singapore\".
This word consists of 9 letters without repitition.
Of this Sin should be together. Hence let us take sin together as one letter and other 6 letters as
one letter each.
Now we have 7 letters without repitition.
Hence no of ways to arrange these 7 letters = 7!
= 5040 ways..
Haploid. After is complete, the resulting gametes are haploid. This m.pdfarchanaemporium
Haploid. After is complete, the resulting gametes are haploid. This means there is 1 homolog
present for each homologous pair. \"Keep in mind that, for better or for worse, we tend to focus
largely on diploid organisms, like ourselves and fruit flies, in many biology courses. Not all
organisms are diploid. The strawberries you buy at a grocery store are, for example, actually
octaploids (8n). SIMULATING CELL DIVISION MEIOSIS WITHOUTRECOMBINATION
Using the same 4 chromosomes you put together for the mitosis simulation, start with 4
unreplicated 4 chromosomes at G1 of interphase and simulate the events of meiosis. Beginning
with the meiocyte, write out the chromosome numbers, just as you did for mitosis. G2: As you
move the chromosomes through each phase of cell division in meiosis, describe to your lab
partner all of the events that occur. Write out the chromosome numbers for each phase below.
Solution
G1: 4 unreplicated chromosomes (i.e, singlet chromosomes)
S: 4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes)
G2: 4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes)
Prophase I : 4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes)
Metaphase I :4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes)
Anaphase I : 4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes) they are being separated at
this stage. 2 replicated chromosomes move towards one end and other 2 replicated towards
opposite end.
Telophase I : 2 replicated chromosomes in each dividing cell.
Interkinesis: 2 daughter cells are formed each consisting 2 replicated chromosomes.
Prophase II : 2 replicated chromosomes in each of the two daughter cells.
Metaphase II : 2 replicated chromosomes in each daughter cell arranged on metaphasic plate.
Anaphase II : 2 singlet chromosomes would move toward one end of each daughter cell, other 2
singlet chromosomes towards the opposite end.
Telophase II : 2 singlet chromosomes in each of the 4 dividing cells.
cytokinesis: each of the 4 daughter cells would contain 2 singlet chromosomes..
FTP and TFTP are primarily file transfer protocols. What is the main.pdfarchanaemporium
FTP and TFTP are primarily file transfer protocols. What is the main difference between both.
Solution
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is used to send/receive file from the remote computer. It
is defined in RFC959. FTP establishes two connections between client system and server system,
one for control information and the other for data to be transfered. Control information carry
commands/response. Authentication need to be done initially by way of validating username and
password. Once it is done files can be transferred between two systems. FTP handles both binary
and text format files.
When a FTP client requests to connect to the FTP server, a TCP connection is being established
to the FTP server\'s port 21 reserved for FTP. After authentication is done, another TCP
connection is being established for the actual data transfer on port number 20.
TFTP stands for Trivial File Transfer Protocol. It is defined in RFC783. It is simpler than FTP,
does file transfer between client and server process but does not provide user authentication and
other useful features supported by FTP. TFTP uses UDP while FTP uses TCP.
As TFTP is unreliable protocol due to UDP, it uses application layer recovery supported by
UDP. This is done by embedding a small header between the UDP header and the data. This
header incorporates codes for example read,write and acknowledgement along with numbering
scheme which numbers 512 bytes of data. These block numbers provided are used to
acknowledge the receipt and re-send the data in case of checksum failures. TFTP sends one
block and waits on acknowledgement before sending another block.
Key Differences Between FTP and TFTP:-.
Given Starter Fileimport java.util.Arrays; Encapsulates.pdfarchanaemporium
Given Starter File:
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* Encapsulates an integr array and provides methods
* to manipulate it
*/
public class NumberArray
{
private int[] data;
@Override
public String toString()
{
return Arrays.toString(data);
}
}
Tester File:
NumberArrayTester.java
Solve Using JAVA for an intro to java class
Solution
NumberArray.java
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* Encapsulates an integr array and provides methods
* to manipulate it
*/
public class NumberArray
{
private int[] data;
public NumberArray(int a[]){
data = a;
}
public void swap(int a, int b){
if(a >= 0 && b >= 0 && a<8 && b < 8){
int temp = data[a];
data[a] = data[b];
data[b] = temp;
}
}
public int getLast(){
return data[data.length-1];
}
public int product(){
int product = 0;
if(data.length > 0){
product =1;
}
for(int i=0; i.
Express the verbal representation for the function f symbolically. M.pdfarchanaemporium
Express the verbal representation for the function f symbolically. Multiply the input x by 17 and
then subtract 6 to obtain the output y. Objective: (8.1) Express Verbal Representation of
Function Symbolically
Solution
The output y = 17 x -6 .
It represents a line which has the x-intercept = 6/17 and y-intercept = -6 and
has a slope = 17..
Economic resources have a price above zero because...A. there are .pdfarchanaemporium
Economic resources have a price above zero because...
A. there are no other uses for them.
B. they cannot be easily moved from place to place.
C. they are unlimited in supply.
D. they are relatively scarce.
E. otherwise they would not be able to satisfy human wants.
Solution
Economic resources have a price above zero because they are relatively scarce.
Discuss in detail how two different Progressive reformers tackled th.pdfarchanaemporium
Discuss in detail how two different Progressive reformers tackled the social, political, or
economic problems they felt most threatened America’s democracy and social order. What was
their main object of reform? What actions did they take to implement that reform? How
successful were they in their work? (Be sure to place each Progressive reformer’s work in the
context of the industrial or urban problem with which he or she was most concerned, i.e.
discuss/describe in some detail the social ill the reformer hoped to change and then also discuss,
at length, the nature of that Progressive’s plan for reform).
Solution
Between 1890 and 1910 more than 12 million European people immigrated to the United states.
They came from Ireland,Russia,Italy and other European countries and provided cheap Factory
labour,
a demand that was created with the country\'s expansion into the west following the Civil War.
Many immigrants lived in Crowded and disease ridden tenments, Worked long Hours and lived
in Poverty.
Children often worked to help support the family.
Jacob riis wrote How the other Half lives about the lives of immigrants on NewYork City\'s
Lower East side to bring
greater awareness of the immigrant\'s living conditions.
The most famous settlement house in the United States in Chicago\'s Hull house founded by John
Addams and
Ellen gates starr in 1889 after Addams visited tonybee hall with in previous two years. Hull
house though was not
religious based organization. It focussed on providing Education and recretational fecilities for
European immigrant
woman and children.
Lenox Hill neighbourhood house founded in 1894 Friendly inn settlement house founded in 1874
Henry Street
settlement founded in 1893 Hirram house founded in 1896 and University settlement house
founded in 1886 and the
oldest in United States, were like Hull House important sites for social reform.
United neighbourhood houses of NewYork is the federation of 35 settlement houses in NewYork
city.
These and other settlement houses inspired the establishment of settlement schools to serve
isolated rural
communities in Appalachia.
By 1913 there were 413 settlements in 32 States. By the 1920\'s there were almost 500 settlement
houses in the
country. The Settlement house concept was continued by Dorodhy Day\'s Catholic worker
Hospitality houses in
1930\'s. American settlement houses functioned on philosophy of scientific philanthropy a belief
that instead of
giving direct relief, charities should give resources to the poor so they could break out of the
circle of poverty.
American Charity workers feared that the deeply entrenched social class system in Europe would
develop in United states..
Describe the major parts of the nervous system and their functions..pdfarchanaemporium
Describe the major parts of the nervous system and their functions.
Solution
Nervous system consists of two parts a. Central nervous system ( CNS) and b Peripheral nervous
system.
Central nervous system consists of Brain and spinal cord. while peripheral nervous system
consisted of long nerve fiber which connect various organ to brain via spinal cord.
CNS has Grey matter consists nerve bodies while white matter consists of axon
Major part of brain
1. Medulla oblangata : It control center for involuntary function such as breathing
2.Pond relay information between from brain to cerebellum
3. Mid brain responsible for eye movement
4. Above mid brain is dicephalon which composed of two part Thalamus and hypothalamus
which maintain homeostasis
Function Brain sends message through spinal cord to nerve to the body to control movement of
muscle and functions of internal organ.
DEFINE gene enhancer and gene promoter (3-4 sentences each).Sol.pdfarchanaemporium
DEFINE: gene enhancer and gene promoter (3-4 sentences each).
Solution
Answer :
Enhancers : An enhancer is a segment of DNA that lies either upstream, within, or downstream
of a structural gene that serves to increase transcription initiation from that gene. enhancers are
found thousands of basepairs away from the genes. They interacts with the activators and
coactivators which in turn recruits RNA polymerase to the site of transcription.
Promoters are the specific sites on the DNA in which RNA polymerase enzyme binds and
intiates the trancription/RNA synthesis process..
Cisco Systems, Inc. offers a switching technology known as Multi-Lay.pdfarchanaemporium
Cisco Systems, Inc. offers a switching technology known as Multi-Layer Switching (MLS).In
what ways does MLS differ from MPLS?
Solution
Multi-Layer Switching has turn into a extremely desired method of accelerating routing
performance through the utilize of dedicated ASIC. Traditional routing is completed through a
central CPU and software. MLS offloads a significant part of routing to hardware, and thus has
also been termed switching. MLS and Layer 3 switching are equivalent terms. Multi Protocol
Label Switching is a standards-supported technology for increasing up network traffic flow and
making it simpler to manage. MPLS involves setting up a specific path for a given sequence of
packets, recognized by a label put in every packet, thus saving the time needed for a router to
look up the address to the next node to promoted the packet to. MPLS is called multiprotocol
because it efforts with the Internet Protocol , and asynchronous transport mode and frame relay
network protocols. MPLS permits most packets to be forwarded at the layer 2 level rather than at
the layer 3 level. It is used to moving traffic faster overall, MPLS makes it easy to manage a
network for quality of service.
C# ProgramingHow a derived class that inherits attributes and beha.pdfarchanaemporium
C# Programing
How a derived class that inherits attributes and behaviors from a base class? Problems with
Protected access modifier.
Solution
A derived class can override a base class member only if base class member is declared as virtual
or abstract. The derived member must use override keyword to explicitly indicate that the
method is intended to participate in virtual invocation.
Protected variables should be avoided because of the following reasons:
1)They tend to lead to some issues. Protected variables generally have some intrinsic invariance
associated with them or else they would be public Inheritors then need to maintain those
properties, which people can violate.
2)If the base class makes too many assumptions about the protected member, or the inheritor is
too flexible with the behavior of the class, it can lead to the base class behavior being modified
by that extension which leads to inheritance for extension rather than composition. Infact tends
to lead to tighter coupling, more violations..
Assume that x and y are already defined as being of type int . Write.pdfarchanaemporium
Assume that x and y are already defined as being of type int . Write a single expression that will
add 7 times the sum of x and 4 to y. Add 1 to x afterwards. (x changes - use one expression ).
Solution
Answer: Single expression is as folllows
y = 7 * (x + 4); //adding x value with 4 and after that multiplying with 7
x = x + 1; //Adding 1 to x value and reassigning the value to x..
Briefly define cyberterrorism. Define hacktivism. Illustrate examples of each in current events
within the last decade.
What is the fundamental difference between these two?
How has technology helped to advance these groups?
How do you think our government’s response to such groups has changed our attitudes towards
our own freedoms?
In your opinion, do you think Hacktivism is justified or is it just a subset of cyberterrorism? Give
some examples to support your stance.
Solution
According to the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, cyberterrorism is any \"premeditated,
politically motivated attack against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data
which results in violence against non-combatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine
agents.\"Unlike a nuisance virus or computer attack that results in a denial of service, a
cyberterrorist attack is designed to cause physical violence or extreme financial harm. According
to the U.S. Commission of Critical Infrastructure Protection, possible cyberterrorist targets
include the banking industry, military installations, power plants, air traffic control centers, and
water systems.
Cyberterrorism is sometimes referred to as electronic terrorism or information war.
Hacktivism is “the use of computers and computer networks to promote political ends, chiefly
free speech, human rights, and information ethics”. As with any technology, “hacking” and
therefore hacktivism can be a force for good or evil.
Hacking versus Cyberterrorism
‘Hacking’ is the term used to describe unauthorised access to or use of a
computer system. The term ‘hacktivism’ is composed of the words ‘hacking’ and
‘activism’ and is the handle used to describe politically motivated hacking. ‘Cracking’
refers to hacking with a criminal intent; the term is composed of the words ‘criminal’
and ‘hacking.’ In a majority of both media reports and academic analyses of
cyberterrorism, one or other of these terms – hacking, hacktivism, cracking - or the
activities associated with them are equated with or identified as variants of
cyberterrorism.
Hackers have many different motives. Many hackers work on gaining entry to
systems for the challenge it poses. Others are seeking to educate themselves about
systems. Some state that they search for security holes to notify system administrators
while others perform intrusions to gain recognition from their peers. Hacktivists are
politically motivated; they use their knowledge of computer systems to engage in
disruptive activities on the Internet in the hopes of drawing attention to some political
cause. These disruptions take many different forms, from ‘denial of service’ (DoS)
attacks that tie up Web sites and other servers, to posting ‘electronic graffiti’ on the
home pages of government and corporate Web sites, to the theft and publication of
private information on the Internet. Crackers hack with the intent of stealing, altering
data, or engaging in other malicious damage.41 A sig.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Hypothesize a way for a virus to evade a host defense & then devise .pdf
1. Hypothesize a way for a virus to evade a host defense & then devise an experiment with controls
to either prove or disprove.
Solution
Answer :
The immune system is one of an organism's most complex systems and shows many signs of
coevolution with parasites. It is well tuned to its task, as otherwise long-lived multicellular
organisms would probably not be able to survive and outpace their short-lived and numerous
parasites.
For example we consider the RHV in human beings which causes the common cold which is
earlier identified with the morphological and siymptoms caused in th human beings. The causal
organism has co evolved depending upon the antibiotics used to control the organism but it has
co evolved. To check the co evolution the follwing experiment can be conducted with
Polymerase chain reaction.
Intially the RHV samples i.e common cold samples were collected and the virus was isolated the
RNA from the organism from which the cDNA is synthesised and checked for the amplication
with primers designed for the vrulence genes of the organism. The control sample was prepared
from the sequnced strain of RHV then the test samples were subjected for PCR amplification.
The positive control sample gives a specific band whichis compared with the test samples. If the
same band gets amplifies then the strain is not changed or evolved but if there is any change in
the amplification then the strain have changed indicating the virulence has changed which may
result in loss of function or gain of function.
