Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is defined as a systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure over 90 mmHg. It can be caused by genetic and hormonal factors, sodium intake, diabetes, and lack of exercise. Risk factors include age, smoking, diet, family history, obesity, and stress. If left untreated, hypertension can lead to heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and other complications. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and stress management as well as pharmacological interventions such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and beta blockers. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vitals, dietary education, medication administration, and health promotion