Live video has created a sense of community on social media through increased interaction and connection between users. It allows for real-time engagement through comments and shared emotional experiences of live streams. While public live videos can sometimes invade privacy, research has found live video generally strengthens social ties through supportive communication and increased social capital between users with shared bonds. Future research may explore new live video technologies and their impact on virtual communities and societal innovation.

1. BEHIND THE SCREEN TO IN FRONT
OF THE CAMERA: HOW LIVE VIDEO
HAS CREATED COMMUNITIES ON
SOCIAL MEDIA
Jenna Hynek
Computer-Mediated Communication
April 25, 2019

2. INTRODUCTION
• We are accustom to spending time online.
• Omegle
• Online video communication platform
• Changed how strangers communicated
• Young adult generations grew up using Omegle and new technology

3. INTRODUCTION
• Communication was difficult
• Facebook: changed how we view communication
• We can talk to deployed family members
• We can interview for jobs across the country
- In this paper, I will look at how live video has created an online
community in multiple platforms and how it has affected engagement on
those sites.

4. PURPOSE STATEMENT
• The purpose of this research paper is to see how periscope and live
video feeds have created a sense of community on social media
platforms as well as the engagement of the posts in connection to
community.

5. CMC RELATED CONCEPTS
• Theory of Electronic Propinquity
• “primarily focuses on the relationships among several factors related to media,
users, task, and setting…or the psychological feeling of nearness that
communicators experience using different communication channel,” (Walther
& Bazarova, 2008, pp. 623-624).
• Videoconferencing vs Audioconferencing
• Visual element: better connection
• Audio only: felt left out of conversations

6. LITERATURE REVIEW

7. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ONLINE
COMMUNITIES
• Public Vs. Privacy video
• What is broadcasted can either strengthen or destroy a community
• Intrusion upon seclusion:
• who have their privates lives harmed through physical or sensory means such
as hidden cameras or recording devices without their knowledge or consent in
a way that would be highly offensive to a reasonable person

8. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ONLINE
COMMUNITIES
• Misused videos make people choose of they are for or against the video
• Most of these videos are taken without consent
• Some videos posted are of people in public
• There is a moral responsibility on if the video should be shared or not

9. SOCIAL TIES AND SUPPORTIVE
COMMUNICATION IN SNS
• “People who receive supportive messages experience psychosocial
benefits, including improved affect, positive reappraisal, and enhanced
perceptions of their stressors,” (High & Buehler, 2019, p. 720).
• Line A connects the Intensity of Facebook use to Social Capital (bridging
and bonding) and Line B connects Social Capital with Received Support
(emotional, esteem, network, informational) and Line C connects
Received Support with Intensity of Facebook Use (High & Buehler, 2019,
p. 721).
• Increased bonds with social capital

10. WHY DO PEOPLE WATCH LIVE STREAMS?
• 2 experiences when watching video: individual and co-experience
• Individual
• Parasocial: when audiences feel a connection and make a relationship with a
media outlet
• Actual self-congruity: when a consumer feels like they align with a
personality positively
• Ideal self-congruity: negatively affects how a consumer reviews a personality
• Co-Experience
• Participation: the ability to comment and feel as though you are involved in
the process of the live video
• Cognitive Communication: means the feeling of being connected and
identifying with the group.
• Resonant Contagion: an emotional response of feeling like you and the
group share the same feelings

11. LIVE VIDEO TAKING OVER T.V.
• “The post-processing module receives panoramic images from
panorama cameras, decodes the image, and then adjusts them for
contrast, brightness, and color,” (Seo et al., 2013, p. 709).
• Panoramic video has the capabilities to take over social media and TV
because it “provides immersive and 360 degree spatial information at
the same time,” (Seo et al., 2013, p. 713).
• Remove egocentric nature of video

12. FACEBOOK LIVE VS. T.V.
• Brands have also partnered with Facebook Live to sell products
• Facebook is changing algorithm to give users more live video

13. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• RQ 1: How does live video affect the sense of community in online
communities and platforms?
• H 1: This study seeks out to find if there is a positive feeling of
community after using live video as a medium.

14. CONCLUSION
• Interpretation:
• The research I have found points towards a positive relationship with online
communities. To answer the first research question, live video creates a
community because of its similarities to face-to-face conversations. Live video
gives us the ability to see a person in real time and we can also comment and
interact with the user. The research says that video creates a better sense of
community than just audio because of the visual aspect of it. Most of the
articles I found inferred that live video will be making more progressions in our
future. As for what that is exactly, the predications vary but they all say we will
have innovations.

15. CONCLUSION
• Limitations:
• Some of the limitations of my research are that I only found articles that
supported my topic. I wish I would have found another article that plays devil’s
advocate for the topic so that way I could find different research that makes
my topic even more solid. I also only have a handful of articles on the subject
and if I had more time I wish I could explore the topic more thoroughly.

16. CONCLUSIONS
• Future Research
• If I were able to continue this study, I would like to use real examples of live
video on social media and read the comments for engagement. It would be
interesting to do a qualitative study and track emoji use in comments of live
video to interpret the audience feelings of the stream. Future research could
also look into making live video even better and more prevalent in our lives.
Most of the articles suggested there would be more technology but studying
how it would be possible could project our society further into the innovation
world.

17. REFERENCES
• High, A. C., & Buehler, E. M. (2017). Receiving supportive communication from Facebook friends: A model of social ties
and supportive communication in social network sites. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,36(3), 719-740.
doi:10.1177/0265407517742978
• Hu, M., Zhang, M., & Wang, Y. (2017). Why do audiences choose to keep watching on live video streaming platforms?
An explanation of dual identification framework. Computers in Human Behavior,75, 594-606.
doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.006
• Morrison, M. (2016). CAN FACEBOOK LIVE TAKE ON TV? Advertising Age,87(8).
• Seo, D., Kim, S., Park, H., & Ko, H. (2013). Real-time panoramic video streaming system with overlaid interface concept
for social media. Multimedia Systems,20(6), 707-719. doi:10.1007/s00530-013-0333-1
• Stewart, D. R., & Littau, J. (2016). Up, Periscope: Mobile Streaming Video Technologies, Privacy in Public, and the Right
to Record. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly,93(2), 312-331. doi:10.1177/1077699016637106
• Walther, J. B., & Bazarova, N. N. (2008). Validation and Application of Electronic Propinquity Theory to Computer-
Mediated Communication in Groups. Communication Research,35(5), 622-645. doi:10.1177/0093650208321783