This document summarizes a study that assessed hydrological and physical changes in soils under cocoa plantations of different ages during the dry season in Ghana. The study measured parameters like bulk density, porosity, organic matter, soil moisture, potential evaporation, and leaf litter accumulation in plots representing grassland (control) and cocoa plantations aged 3, 4, and 5 years. The 5-year old plantation had the highest soil moisture, porosity, organic matter, and litter fall, and lowest bulk density and evaporation. Soil moisture correlated positively with porosity and litter accumulation but negatively with bulk density and evaporation. The results suggest that soil properties influenced by the age of cocoa plantations can impact soil moisture retention under dry
Yield response of intercropped maize (zea mays l.) and okra (abelmoschus escu...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the yield response of intercropped maize and okra under different seasonal conditions in Makurdi, Nigeria. The study found that:
1) Okra yield was higher in the wet season than the dry season, and monocropped okra yielded more than intercropped okra. Intercropping reduced okra yield more in the dry season.
2) Maize yield was unaffected by intercropping and was higher in the wet season for both sole and intercropped maize.
3) Total intercrop yield and land equivalent ratio were higher in the wet season, indicating intercropping was more productive in the wet season.
Effect of storage methods of cassava planting materials on establishment and ...Innspub Net
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cruntz.) establishment depends on quality of planting materials. The experiment was done to determine the effects storage and variety on crop establishment and early growth vigour. Karembo and KME 4 varieties were stored in clamp under double shade (CUDS), horizontal under shade (HUS), vertical under shade (VUS) and horizontal under open ground (HOUG) as control for 16 weeks. Planting materials was sampled from each storage methods after every 4 weeks and taken to field to evaluate their sprouting ability, number of primary shoots formation, number of leaves, rate of leaf formation and early growth vigour. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated by LSD. Sprouting percentage at Kabete was 54.73 % while in Kiboko had 37.78 %. The results showed that Kabete had 1.60 number of primary shoots per plant compared to 1.04 of Kiboko. The results showed KME4 had higher sprouting than Karembo in both sites. This can be due to genetic difference among varieties. The rate of leaf formation at Kiboko was higher as compared to Kabete it could be contribute difference in temperature between locations. Thus, optimum temperature and relative humidity should be factored in cassava cuttings storage to avoid increased death of stored cuttings. In case of storage cassava cuttings, should be stored in clamp under double shade methods under low temperature and moderate RH.
Agro physiological characteristics of qpm genotypes as influenced by irrigati...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the agrophysiological characteristics of three Quality Protein Maize (QPM) genotypes (TZE-W Pop x 1368, EV DT-W 99 STR, and DMR-ESRW) under different irrigation schedules (40, 60, and 80 centibars) and plant populations (33,333, 44,444, 55,555, and 66,666 plants/ha) in a semi-arid region of Nigeria over three growing seasons. The results showed that genotype EV-DT W99 STR had significantly higher relative growth rate, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, and total dry matter compared to the other genotypes. Increasing plant population significantly decreased leaf area index and net assimilation rate
Influence of Row Covers on Soil Loss & Plant Growth in White Cabbage Cultivation; Gardening Guidebook for Stuttgart, Germany ~ University of Hohenheim~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
- The document summarizes a study on the effects of planting density on sorghum establishment, growth and yield.
- Results showed that increasing planting density increased leaf area index and thousand seed mass, with medium density performing best. Chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance were also highest at medium density.
- Plant height and leaf number increased over time and with higher planting density, irrespective of cultivar. The medium density of 120,000 plants/ha generally supported better sorghum growth and yield than the lower or higher densities tested.
The document examines the effects of varying moisture content on the frictional properties of Dika nut seeds. Five moisture levels were tested: 8.25%, 10.14%, 13.57%, 14.89%, and 18.98%. The researchers found that as moisture content increased, seed dimensions and sphericity increased while porosity decreased. They also found that the angle of repose increased with moisture content, as did coefficients of static, internal, and external friction. Bulk and true densities were found to decrease with increasing moisture content. Regression models with correlation coefficients were developed relating each physical property to moisture content. The results provide useful information for designing equipment used in handling, processing, storage and other applications involving Dika nuts.
4 ijfaf feb-2018-3-effect of different growth mediaAI Publications
Cordiaafricana(Lam.)is an economically and ecologically important component tree species of the Bamenda Highlands Forest which is under threat from over-exploitation. There is a need to develop high quality planting stock for increased availability and sustainability of the species. A study was carried out at the National Forestry Development Agency (ANAFOR) in Bamenda, North West of Cameroon, to evaluate the effect ofgrowth medium on sprouting and growth of vegetatively propagated C.africana(Lam.). Hardwood cuttings from lower branches of trees were grown in sand, sawdust, and a 1:1 sand: sawdust mixture in a non-mist propagator for three months. Data on percentage sprouting, days to sprouting, number of shoots, shoot height, stem diameter, stem volume, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area were subjected to analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Scheffé’s multiple means comparison test at 5% level of probability. While sawdust significantly reduced values of all the plant traits, no significant differences were detected between sand and the sand: sawdust mixture. The results show that sand and 1:1 sawdust: sand are suitable alternatives for propagation of C. africana(Lam.)from branch cuttings.
Abstract— This study was conducted in Gunugo watershed at Wolayitta zone to assess the amount of some soil chemical properties affected by traditional agroforestry practices and along different elevation gradients. The dominant agroforestry practices (homegarden, parkland and woodlot), and three elevation gradients (upper, middle and lower) were used to collect soil samples. One composite sample was taken from each sampling point from each soil depths, under three agroforestry practices and three elevation gradient with three replications to have a total of 54 soil samples at 20 x 20 m plot. Then the selected soil chemical properties among agroforestry practices and along elevation gradient was determined at p<0.05. The EC, pH and CEC of the top soil was significantly higher on homegarden than parkland and woodlot while EC, pH and total nitrogen of the sub soil were significantly higher on homegarden than parkland and woodlot. Further, only the top soil EC and CEC were significantly higher on lower elevation than upper and middle elevation and there was no significant difference in sub soil chemical parameters among elevation levels. In relation to this, most of the soil chemical properties show as the study area is being degraded. Therefore, are recommended for sustainable soil chemical property management. Hence, homegarden is suggested as a better agroforestry practice for rehabilitation of the area in a sustainable manner through enhanced accumulation of total nitrogen, good EC and CEC at all elevation gradients.
Yield response of intercropped maize (zea mays l.) and okra (abelmoschus escu...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the yield response of intercropped maize and okra under different seasonal conditions in Makurdi, Nigeria. The study found that:
1) Okra yield was higher in the wet season than the dry season, and monocropped okra yielded more than intercropped okra. Intercropping reduced okra yield more in the dry season.
2) Maize yield was unaffected by intercropping and was higher in the wet season for both sole and intercropped maize.
3) Total intercrop yield and land equivalent ratio were higher in the wet season, indicating intercropping was more productive in the wet season.
Effect of storage methods of cassava planting materials on establishment and ...Innspub Net
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cruntz.) establishment depends on quality of planting materials. The experiment was done to determine the effects storage and variety on crop establishment and early growth vigour. Karembo and KME 4 varieties were stored in clamp under double shade (CUDS), horizontal under shade (HUS), vertical under shade (VUS) and horizontal under open ground (HOUG) as control for 16 weeks. Planting materials was sampled from each storage methods after every 4 weeks and taken to field to evaluate their sprouting ability, number of primary shoots formation, number of leaves, rate of leaf formation and early growth vigour. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated by LSD. Sprouting percentage at Kabete was 54.73 % while in Kiboko had 37.78 %. The results showed that Kabete had 1.60 number of primary shoots per plant compared to 1.04 of Kiboko. The results showed KME4 had higher sprouting than Karembo in both sites. This can be due to genetic difference among varieties. The rate of leaf formation at Kiboko was higher as compared to Kabete it could be contribute difference in temperature between locations. Thus, optimum temperature and relative humidity should be factored in cassava cuttings storage to avoid increased death of stored cuttings. In case of storage cassava cuttings, should be stored in clamp under double shade methods under low temperature and moderate RH.
Agro physiological characteristics of qpm genotypes as influenced by irrigati...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the agrophysiological characteristics of three Quality Protein Maize (QPM) genotypes (TZE-W Pop x 1368, EV DT-W 99 STR, and DMR-ESRW) under different irrigation schedules (40, 60, and 80 centibars) and plant populations (33,333, 44,444, 55,555, and 66,666 plants/ha) in a semi-arid region of Nigeria over three growing seasons. The results showed that genotype EV-DT W99 STR had significantly higher relative growth rate, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, and total dry matter compared to the other genotypes. Increasing plant population significantly decreased leaf area index and net assimilation rate
Influence of Row Covers on Soil Loss & Plant Growth in White Cabbage Cultivation; Gardening Guidebook for Stuttgart, Germany ~ University of Hohenheim~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
- The document summarizes a study on the effects of planting density on sorghum establishment, growth and yield.
- Results showed that increasing planting density increased leaf area index and thousand seed mass, with medium density performing best. Chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance were also highest at medium density.
- Plant height and leaf number increased over time and with higher planting density, irrespective of cultivar. The medium density of 120,000 plants/ha generally supported better sorghum growth and yield than the lower or higher densities tested.
The document examines the effects of varying moisture content on the frictional properties of Dika nut seeds. Five moisture levels were tested: 8.25%, 10.14%, 13.57%, 14.89%, and 18.98%. The researchers found that as moisture content increased, seed dimensions and sphericity increased while porosity decreased. They also found that the angle of repose increased with moisture content, as did coefficients of static, internal, and external friction. Bulk and true densities were found to decrease with increasing moisture content. Regression models with correlation coefficients were developed relating each physical property to moisture content. The results provide useful information for designing equipment used in handling, processing, storage and other applications involving Dika nuts.
4 ijfaf feb-2018-3-effect of different growth mediaAI Publications
Cordiaafricana(Lam.)is an economically and ecologically important component tree species of the Bamenda Highlands Forest which is under threat from over-exploitation. There is a need to develop high quality planting stock for increased availability and sustainability of the species. A study was carried out at the National Forestry Development Agency (ANAFOR) in Bamenda, North West of Cameroon, to evaluate the effect ofgrowth medium on sprouting and growth of vegetatively propagated C.africana(Lam.). Hardwood cuttings from lower branches of trees were grown in sand, sawdust, and a 1:1 sand: sawdust mixture in a non-mist propagator for three months. Data on percentage sprouting, days to sprouting, number of shoots, shoot height, stem diameter, stem volume, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area were subjected to analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Scheffé’s multiple means comparison test at 5% level of probability. While sawdust significantly reduced values of all the plant traits, no significant differences were detected between sand and the sand: sawdust mixture. The results show that sand and 1:1 sawdust: sand are suitable alternatives for propagation of C. africana(Lam.)from branch cuttings.
Abstract— This study was conducted in Gunugo watershed at Wolayitta zone to assess the amount of some soil chemical properties affected by traditional agroforestry practices and along different elevation gradients. The dominant agroforestry practices (homegarden, parkland and woodlot), and three elevation gradients (upper, middle and lower) were used to collect soil samples. One composite sample was taken from each sampling point from each soil depths, under three agroforestry practices and three elevation gradient with three replications to have a total of 54 soil samples at 20 x 20 m plot. Then the selected soil chemical properties among agroforestry practices and along elevation gradient was determined at p<0.05. The EC, pH and CEC of the top soil was significantly higher on homegarden than parkland and woodlot while EC, pH and total nitrogen of the sub soil were significantly higher on homegarden than parkland and woodlot. Further, only the top soil EC and CEC were significantly higher on lower elevation than upper and middle elevation and there was no significant difference in sub soil chemical parameters among elevation levels. In relation to this, most of the soil chemical properties show as the study area is being degraded. Therefore, are recommended for sustainable soil chemical property management. Hence, homegarden is suggested as a better agroforestry practice for rehabilitation of the area in a sustainable manner through enhanced accumulation of total nitrogen, good EC and CEC at all elevation gradients.
seeds potentialities of medicks in sub humid area to be used in steppe zoneIJEAB
New pulse crops varieties more productive as medics should be made available to breeders located in semi-arid region of Algeria. So, and through two years of testing, pods yield and seeds production of twenty populations belonging to species M.intertexta , M.ciliaris, M.polymorpha , M.Truncatula and an introduced population M.muricoleptis is an Australian cultivar (Jemalong) are appreciated.Pods’ yields of year 2013 vary between 78,66g/m² with poly27 and 3637,33g/m² with I107. Values of the second essay (2015) are different, they vary between 40,89g /m² with Poly236 and 464,36 g/m² with I11.The cultivar Jemalong offers a yield of 172,4 g/m². The corresponding seed yields also show a low production in year 2015. The ratio leaf / stem varies between 1,03 and 5. The average of yields in dry matter of 27 populations in 2013 was of 457,79g/m2 against 127,41 g/m² in 18 populations in 2015. Jemalong cultivar records a yield of 12,8g/m². For the same dose of seed, number of plants by square meter varies between 44 and 112. Number of stems by square meter varies between 136 in C204 and 420 in I52..The average width of population’s ramifications varies between 13cm in Tr334 and 44 cm in I52, The Jemalong cultivar offers an average of 17cm. So, production results of medicks depend of weather conditions in littoral zone of lower altitude than 600-700m. In steppe zones, we recommend to make tests in situ with these same populations.
The effect of Poultry manure on M. excelsa seedlingsPhilip Dugbley
This study examined the effects of different levels of poultry manure on the growth of Milicia excelsa seedlings. Seedlings were treated with 0, 0.9, 1.8, 2.7, or 3.6 kg of poultry manure. Height, number of leaves, diameter, and survival were measured every two weeks for 12 weeks. Results showed that higher manure levels increased height and number of leaves but not diameter. Survival was not significantly affected by manure level.
The study examined the vertical and horizontal distribution of roots for soybean and peanut grown with walnut trees in an intercropping system in China. Results showed that over 70% of intercropped soybean roots and over 50% of intercropped peanut roots were located in the top 10 cm of soil. Root length density decreased with increasing depth and proximity to the tree row. While crop roots tended to move deeper farther from trees, their root vertical barycenters remained shallower than sole crops. Greater competition from tree roots near the row constrained intercrop roots higher in the soil profile.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effect of irrigation interval and plant density on the yield and yield components of mungbean. The study found that:
1) An irrigation interval of 8 days resulted in taller plants, more pods per plant, heavier 100-seed weight, and longer pods compared to 10 or 12 day intervals.
2) Higher plant density of 25cm row spacing led to more pods per plant, more seeds per pod, and longer pods than densities of 15cm or 20cm.
3) The interaction of 8 day irrigation interval and 25cm row spacing produced the highest 100-seed weight.
4) A density of 15cm row spacing resulted in higher biological yield than
The Impact of Climatic Variability on Phenological Change,Yield and Fruit Qua...Orca Whale
This study investigated the impact of climatic variability on phenological changes, yield, and fruit quality of mangosteen in Phatthalung Province, southern Thailand from 2008-2010. The results showed that changes in rainfall patterns affected mangosteen flowering, productivity, and quality. In years with appropriate dry periods before flowering, production occurred in both the main and off-seasons. However, in 2010 prolonged drought followed by rain caused leaf flushing instead of flowering, resulting in no off-season crop. Climatic variability also influenced mangosteen yields and increased the incidence of fruit disorders.
Response of hydro-physical properties of a Chromic Luvisol in Ghana to differ...IJEAB
The document discusses a study that assessed the response of hydro-physical soil properties of a Chromic Luvisol in Ghana to different application methods of Mucuna pruriens as a soil amendment. Mucuna pruriens was applied as a green manure, live mulch, and in-situ mulch. The study found that Mucuna pruriens applied as a live mulch significantly reduced bulk density and increased total porosity and aeration porosity compared to the control. Mucuna pruriens applied as an in-situ mulch improved aggregate stability and maintained optimal soil temperature. Of the treatment methods, in-situ mulch recorded the optimal values for volumetric moisture content,
Assessment of the Relative Suitability of Three Different Soils for Dry Seaso...IJEAB
The research was conducted at the project site of the University of Educatoion, Winneba - Mampong campus between mid - November 2007 and Mid-April 2008. The main objective of the study was to compare the relative suitability of three soils in supporting lettuce production in the dry season. The treatments were Calcic Vertisol (Akuse scries), Rodic Nitisol (Ejura sesries) and Chromic Luvisol (Bediest series). The randomized complete block design was used in a pot experience with the three treatments and each replicated three times. Plant height, fresh leaf mass, leaf dry matter yield, fresh root mass, gravimetric moisture content, total porosity, drainability and bulk density were the parameters considered. From the result Bediesi Series recorded the highest growth rate as measured by plant height (266.5mm), fresh leaf weight (30.6g), leaf dry matter weight (4.9g) at 7 weeks after transplanting as well as been the most succulent with 84% succulent. Fresh root weight however, was highest with Akuse Series followed by Bediesi Series and Ejura Series in that decreasing order. Ejura Series recorded the least value for all growth and yield parameters measured. For soil parameters, Akuse Series recorded the highest value for porosity (43.0%) and gravimetric moisture of 6.43 throughout the period of field drying for 8weeks. Ejura Series Bediesi Series also recorded the highest value for drainability after 25 minutes of drainage, followed by Bediesi Series and then Akuse Series. The result of this work indicated that the Bediesi Series is the best soil type among the soils evaluated for lettuce production in the dry season in Ghana.
1) The study investigated the impact of altitude on soil macroinvertebrate diversity in three sites along an altitudinal gradient in Xitou Experimental Forest, Taiwan.
2) The results showed an increase in macroinvertebrate species abundance from the lowest site at 1150m to the mid-elevation site at 1450m, but a decrease at the highest site of 1800m, likely due to differences in soil composition, temperature, and human disturbance across the sites.
3) Limitations of the study included an inability to identify species taxonomically, limited equipment for chemical soil analysis, small study area, and constraints of a one-day observation period.
- The document analyzes growth patterns of black spruce trees in a central Maine peat bog to understand relationships between tree growth, climate, and distance from the bog edge.
- Tree cores were collected from black spruce trees along three transects at increasing distances from the bog edge. Tree and stand characteristics, growth rates, and influence of climate factors like temperature and precipitation were analyzed.
- Preliminary results suggest that tree growth rates increased with distance from the bog edge likely due to higher nutrient availability further from the bog. Climate accounted for only small variations in growth, with temperature having a greater influence than precipitation.
This study used a population viability model to analyze the conservation status of the Borassus aethiopum palm tree population in Lamto Reserve, Ivory Coast. The model predicted that under current conditions, the population would increase slowly over time. However, it would become skewed towards juveniles. Increased harvesting, especially of adults for sap extraction, risks population decline. Encouraging sustainable harvesting methods and replanting efforts are needed to balance utilization and conservation of this slow-growing species.
Small scale vs large scale tropical agriculture impacts on frugivorous avian ...Nicola snow
This document reviews the impacts of small-scale and large-scale tropical agriculture on frugivorous bird species. Small-scale practices like agroforestry have less negative impacts by retaining some primary forest, but often require more land and thus contribute to more deforestation. Large-scale monoculture like oil palm plantations severely reduce biodiversity by removing all primary forest habitat. While it protects some land as forest reserves, it provides no suitable habitat for specialist species like frugivorous birds. To best conserve biodiversity, a balanced approach is needed that uses diverse agriculture near intact forest buffers to support transition species while also protecting large forest areas.
This document summarizes a study on the regeneration of woodland vegetation after deer browsing in Sharon Woods Metro Park in Ohio. Key findings include:
1) Deer densities in the park were reduced from 347 deer (112 deer/km2) in 1992 to around 40 deer (14 deer/km2) currently through culling and birth control.
2) Deer exclosures established in 1990 showed that vegetation diversity and biomass recovered more under complete protection from browsing compared to areas still experiencing browsing.
3) Species richness, diversity, and floristic quality of forest floor species were consistently lower under continued browsing, where more disturbance-tolerant native species increased.
4) Further reduction of
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET- Assessment of Farmers’ Perception Towards the Adoption of Soil and Wat...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on farmers' perceptions of soil and water conservation practices and soil quality in Kechabira Woreda, Ethiopia. Key findings include:
1) The most commonly used indigenous soil conservation practices by farmers were application of manure, indigenous tree planting, and crop rotation. Modern practices like grass strips and fanaya juu terraces were also widely adopted.
2) Farmers' adoption of conservation practices was influenced by demographic and farm characteristics.
3) Soil samples from plots using conservation practices for over 5 years had significantly higher moisture, organic carbon, nutrients compared to untreated plots, especially at lower slopes.
This study investigated how vegetation characteristics influence grassland bird biodiversity in restored prairies in Southwest Michigan. Bird and vegetation surveys found significant differences between restored prairies and other grasslands in regards to obligate grassland birds. Obligate grassland birds preferred grasslands with greater litter depth, taller vegetation, higher vertical density, and a higher percentage of cool-season plants than what was found in restored prairies. Mixed-management grasslands had higher numbers of obligate grassland birds than restored prairies. The results help inform management of restored prairies to increase grassland bird biodiversity.
This study evaluated the effects of mulch type, ground cover percentage, and sucker management on the growth and yield of pineapple in Ethiopia from 2006-2010. Coffee husk mulch and a ground cover of 100% (82.4 t/ha) produced the highest fruit yields. Retaining two suckers per plant also maximized yield. The optimal management practices were determined to be using coffee husk mulch at 100% ground cover while retaining two suckers per plant.
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and intra-row spacing on yield and yield ...Premier Publishers
A field experiment was conducted at Gode Polytechnic College demonstration farm in 2013 under irrigation to observe the effect of six N rates (0, 46, 69, 92, 115 and 138 kg ha-1) and four intra-row spacing levels (7.5, 10 12.5 and 15 cm) on yield and yield components of onion (Allium cepa L.). The experiment was laid out according to randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Results of the analysis revealed that the interaction effects of N rates and intra-row spacing showed highly significant (P<0.01) effect on harvest index, fresh biomass yield, dry biomass yield, total bulb yield and marketable bulb yield. Thus, according to the result of partial Budget analysis application of 138kg N ha-1 planted at 7.5cm plant to plant distance was found the best treatment than others in relation to yield and yield components of onion under Gode condition.
- The document summarizes a study on the composition and structure of Boswellia papyrifera stands in Jebel Marra, Western Sudan.
- A total area of 224 hectares was sampled using 84 plots, which found 28 tree species across 19 genera and 15 families.
- Species area curve analysis showed species were not evenly distributed throughout the stand. Boswellia papyrifera had the highest importance values but only 3 seedlings were recorded, while invasive species dominated regeneration.
POTENTIA 3 Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya (WMCUS)Vonny Wiyani
POTENTIA# 3rd Edition# Widya Mandala Catholic University# Pribadi Peka# Reinardi Mayono Utomo# foto cover oleh Julius Adyrama FIKOM UKWMS#Produksi Kantor HUMAS#Selamat merayakan hari raya Idul Fitri 1435 H#Mohon maaf lahir dan batin#A life-improving university
John P. Girard, Ph.D.'s talk at Sales & Marketing Middle East. Everyone is talking about big data. Lots of people of selling big data. Many leaders are wondering about big data. An honest, sans hype, overview of where we are in the big data space.
seeds potentialities of medicks in sub humid area to be used in steppe zoneIJEAB
New pulse crops varieties more productive as medics should be made available to breeders located in semi-arid region of Algeria. So, and through two years of testing, pods yield and seeds production of twenty populations belonging to species M.intertexta , M.ciliaris, M.polymorpha , M.Truncatula and an introduced population M.muricoleptis is an Australian cultivar (Jemalong) are appreciated.Pods’ yields of year 2013 vary between 78,66g/m² with poly27 and 3637,33g/m² with I107. Values of the second essay (2015) are different, they vary between 40,89g /m² with Poly236 and 464,36 g/m² with I11.The cultivar Jemalong offers a yield of 172,4 g/m². The corresponding seed yields also show a low production in year 2015. The ratio leaf / stem varies between 1,03 and 5. The average of yields in dry matter of 27 populations in 2013 was of 457,79g/m2 against 127,41 g/m² in 18 populations in 2015. Jemalong cultivar records a yield of 12,8g/m². For the same dose of seed, number of plants by square meter varies between 44 and 112. Number of stems by square meter varies between 136 in C204 and 420 in I52..The average width of population’s ramifications varies between 13cm in Tr334 and 44 cm in I52, The Jemalong cultivar offers an average of 17cm. So, production results of medicks depend of weather conditions in littoral zone of lower altitude than 600-700m. In steppe zones, we recommend to make tests in situ with these same populations.
The effect of Poultry manure on M. excelsa seedlingsPhilip Dugbley
This study examined the effects of different levels of poultry manure on the growth of Milicia excelsa seedlings. Seedlings were treated with 0, 0.9, 1.8, 2.7, or 3.6 kg of poultry manure. Height, number of leaves, diameter, and survival were measured every two weeks for 12 weeks. Results showed that higher manure levels increased height and number of leaves but not diameter. Survival was not significantly affected by manure level.
The study examined the vertical and horizontal distribution of roots for soybean and peanut grown with walnut trees in an intercropping system in China. Results showed that over 70% of intercropped soybean roots and over 50% of intercropped peanut roots were located in the top 10 cm of soil. Root length density decreased with increasing depth and proximity to the tree row. While crop roots tended to move deeper farther from trees, their root vertical barycenters remained shallower than sole crops. Greater competition from tree roots near the row constrained intercrop roots higher in the soil profile.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effect of irrigation interval and plant density on the yield and yield components of mungbean. The study found that:
1) An irrigation interval of 8 days resulted in taller plants, more pods per plant, heavier 100-seed weight, and longer pods compared to 10 or 12 day intervals.
2) Higher plant density of 25cm row spacing led to more pods per plant, more seeds per pod, and longer pods than densities of 15cm or 20cm.
3) The interaction of 8 day irrigation interval and 25cm row spacing produced the highest 100-seed weight.
4) A density of 15cm row spacing resulted in higher biological yield than
The Impact of Climatic Variability on Phenological Change,Yield and Fruit Qua...Orca Whale
This study investigated the impact of climatic variability on phenological changes, yield, and fruit quality of mangosteen in Phatthalung Province, southern Thailand from 2008-2010. The results showed that changes in rainfall patterns affected mangosteen flowering, productivity, and quality. In years with appropriate dry periods before flowering, production occurred in both the main and off-seasons. However, in 2010 prolonged drought followed by rain caused leaf flushing instead of flowering, resulting in no off-season crop. Climatic variability also influenced mangosteen yields and increased the incidence of fruit disorders.
Response of hydro-physical properties of a Chromic Luvisol in Ghana to differ...IJEAB
The document discusses a study that assessed the response of hydro-physical soil properties of a Chromic Luvisol in Ghana to different application methods of Mucuna pruriens as a soil amendment. Mucuna pruriens was applied as a green manure, live mulch, and in-situ mulch. The study found that Mucuna pruriens applied as a live mulch significantly reduced bulk density and increased total porosity and aeration porosity compared to the control. Mucuna pruriens applied as an in-situ mulch improved aggregate stability and maintained optimal soil temperature. Of the treatment methods, in-situ mulch recorded the optimal values for volumetric moisture content,
Assessment of the Relative Suitability of Three Different Soils for Dry Seaso...IJEAB
The research was conducted at the project site of the University of Educatoion, Winneba - Mampong campus between mid - November 2007 and Mid-April 2008. The main objective of the study was to compare the relative suitability of three soils in supporting lettuce production in the dry season. The treatments were Calcic Vertisol (Akuse scries), Rodic Nitisol (Ejura sesries) and Chromic Luvisol (Bediest series). The randomized complete block design was used in a pot experience with the three treatments and each replicated three times. Plant height, fresh leaf mass, leaf dry matter yield, fresh root mass, gravimetric moisture content, total porosity, drainability and bulk density were the parameters considered. From the result Bediesi Series recorded the highest growth rate as measured by plant height (266.5mm), fresh leaf weight (30.6g), leaf dry matter weight (4.9g) at 7 weeks after transplanting as well as been the most succulent with 84% succulent. Fresh root weight however, was highest with Akuse Series followed by Bediesi Series and Ejura Series in that decreasing order. Ejura Series recorded the least value for all growth and yield parameters measured. For soil parameters, Akuse Series recorded the highest value for porosity (43.0%) and gravimetric moisture of 6.43 throughout the period of field drying for 8weeks. Ejura Series Bediesi Series also recorded the highest value for drainability after 25 minutes of drainage, followed by Bediesi Series and then Akuse Series. The result of this work indicated that the Bediesi Series is the best soil type among the soils evaluated for lettuce production in the dry season in Ghana.
1) The study investigated the impact of altitude on soil macroinvertebrate diversity in three sites along an altitudinal gradient in Xitou Experimental Forest, Taiwan.
2) The results showed an increase in macroinvertebrate species abundance from the lowest site at 1150m to the mid-elevation site at 1450m, but a decrease at the highest site of 1800m, likely due to differences in soil composition, temperature, and human disturbance across the sites.
3) Limitations of the study included an inability to identify species taxonomically, limited equipment for chemical soil analysis, small study area, and constraints of a one-day observation period.
- The document analyzes growth patterns of black spruce trees in a central Maine peat bog to understand relationships between tree growth, climate, and distance from the bog edge.
- Tree cores were collected from black spruce trees along three transects at increasing distances from the bog edge. Tree and stand characteristics, growth rates, and influence of climate factors like temperature and precipitation were analyzed.
- Preliminary results suggest that tree growth rates increased with distance from the bog edge likely due to higher nutrient availability further from the bog. Climate accounted for only small variations in growth, with temperature having a greater influence than precipitation.
This study used a population viability model to analyze the conservation status of the Borassus aethiopum palm tree population in Lamto Reserve, Ivory Coast. The model predicted that under current conditions, the population would increase slowly over time. However, it would become skewed towards juveniles. Increased harvesting, especially of adults for sap extraction, risks population decline. Encouraging sustainable harvesting methods and replanting efforts are needed to balance utilization and conservation of this slow-growing species.
Small scale vs large scale tropical agriculture impacts on frugivorous avian ...Nicola snow
This document reviews the impacts of small-scale and large-scale tropical agriculture on frugivorous bird species. Small-scale practices like agroforestry have less negative impacts by retaining some primary forest, but often require more land and thus contribute to more deforestation. Large-scale monoculture like oil palm plantations severely reduce biodiversity by removing all primary forest habitat. While it protects some land as forest reserves, it provides no suitable habitat for specialist species like frugivorous birds. To best conserve biodiversity, a balanced approach is needed that uses diverse agriculture near intact forest buffers to support transition species while also protecting large forest areas.
This document summarizes a study on the regeneration of woodland vegetation after deer browsing in Sharon Woods Metro Park in Ohio. Key findings include:
1) Deer densities in the park were reduced from 347 deer (112 deer/km2) in 1992 to around 40 deer (14 deer/km2) currently through culling and birth control.
2) Deer exclosures established in 1990 showed that vegetation diversity and biomass recovered more under complete protection from browsing compared to areas still experiencing browsing.
3) Species richness, diversity, and floristic quality of forest floor species were consistently lower under continued browsing, where more disturbance-tolerant native species increased.
4) Further reduction of
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET- Assessment of Farmers’ Perception Towards the Adoption of Soil and Wat...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on farmers' perceptions of soil and water conservation practices and soil quality in Kechabira Woreda, Ethiopia. Key findings include:
1) The most commonly used indigenous soil conservation practices by farmers were application of manure, indigenous tree planting, and crop rotation. Modern practices like grass strips and fanaya juu terraces were also widely adopted.
2) Farmers' adoption of conservation practices was influenced by demographic and farm characteristics.
3) Soil samples from plots using conservation practices for over 5 years had significantly higher moisture, organic carbon, nutrients compared to untreated plots, especially at lower slopes.
This study investigated how vegetation characteristics influence grassland bird biodiversity in restored prairies in Southwest Michigan. Bird and vegetation surveys found significant differences between restored prairies and other grasslands in regards to obligate grassland birds. Obligate grassland birds preferred grasslands with greater litter depth, taller vegetation, higher vertical density, and a higher percentage of cool-season plants than what was found in restored prairies. Mixed-management grasslands had higher numbers of obligate grassland birds than restored prairies. The results help inform management of restored prairies to increase grassland bird biodiversity.
This study evaluated the effects of mulch type, ground cover percentage, and sucker management on the growth and yield of pineapple in Ethiopia from 2006-2010. Coffee husk mulch and a ground cover of 100% (82.4 t/ha) produced the highest fruit yields. Retaining two suckers per plant also maximized yield. The optimal management practices were determined to be using coffee husk mulch at 100% ground cover while retaining two suckers per plant.
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and intra-row spacing on yield and yield ...Premier Publishers
A field experiment was conducted at Gode Polytechnic College demonstration farm in 2013 under irrigation to observe the effect of six N rates (0, 46, 69, 92, 115 and 138 kg ha-1) and four intra-row spacing levels (7.5, 10 12.5 and 15 cm) on yield and yield components of onion (Allium cepa L.). The experiment was laid out according to randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Results of the analysis revealed that the interaction effects of N rates and intra-row spacing showed highly significant (P<0.01) effect on harvest index, fresh biomass yield, dry biomass yield, total bulb yield and marketable bulb yield. Thus, according to the result of partial Budget analysis application of 138kg N ha-1 planted at 7.5cm plant to plant distance was found the best treatment than others in relation to yield and yield components of onion under Gode condition.
- The document summarizes a study on the composition and structure of Boswellia papyrifera stands in Jebel Marra, Western Sudan.
- A total area of 224 hectares was sampled using 84 plots, which found 28 tree species across 19 genera and 15 families.
- Species area curve analysis showed species were not evenly distributed throughout the stand. Boswellia papyrifera had the highest importance values but only 3 seedlings were recorded, while invasive species dominated regeneration.
POTENTIA 3 Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya (WMCUS)Vonny Wiyani
POTENTIA# 3rd Edition# Widya Mandala Catholic University# Pribadi Peka# Reinardi Mayono Utomo# foto cover oleh Julius Adyrama FIKOM UKWMS#Produksi Kantor HUMAS#Selamat merayakan hari raya Idul Fitri 1435 H#Mohon maaf lahir dan batin#A life-improving university
John P. Girard, Ph.D.'s talk at Sales & Marketing Middle East. Everyone is talking about big data. Lots of people of selling big data. Many leaders are wondering about big data. An honest, sans hype, overview of where we are in the big data space.
John Girard's talk for KM Russia 2014 in which he explores the relationship between knowledge management and big data through the lens of technology, leadership and culture
If Knowledge is Power . . . Minot YPs, 14 September 2009John Girard
The document is a presentation by John P. Girard about knowledge sharing. It discusses the definition of sagology as the study of organizational wisdom. It notes that knowledge management aims to facilitate knowledge transfer and exchange to achieve a competitive advantage. It also discusses different types of knowledge like tacit and explicit knowledge and challenges of sharing knowledge across generations in the digital age.
Leading Knowledge - John Girard - Abu DhabiJohn Girard
This document discusses knowledge management and information overload. It begins by explaining that Sagology is dedicated to connecting people to facilitate knowledge sharing. It then discusses how information overload occurs when the amount of information exceeds one's processing capacity, and how this poses problems for individuals and organizations. The document outlines strategies for organizing knowledge and highlights the importance of knowledge sharing for achieving competitive advantage. It emphasizes that effective knowledge management is crucial for guiding organizations successfully into the future.
Big Data Keynote - SAIS 2015 - John GirardJohn Girard
John Girard's keynote "Big Data: Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Blue?"
at Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Southern Association for Information Systems (SAIS) in Hilton Head, SC
Screening and Selection of Drought-Tolerant Groundnut Varieties Based on Yiel...Premier Publishers
Drought is the most important abiotic limitation to groundnut production in Northern Ghana. Drought, during the pod-filling stages is even more devastating. The current study was conducted to screen groundnut varieties, for drought-tolerance based on yield and other traits. Evaluation of groundnut genotypes was under two environments/water regimes; well-watered and water-stressed. ANOVA was run for Quantitative data. Means were separated by l.s.d. at 95% confidence level. Correlation analyses were performed using SPSS. Combined analysis of variance was computed for the groundnuts across water regimes. Dendrograms were generated using yield data and based on Euclidean distance. Scoring and ranking was used to assess disease incidence on a scale of 1-5. Results indicate that end-of-season drought caused pod yield reduction that varied across genotypes. The Drought Tolerance Index ranged from 0.53 (Kpanieli) to 2.40 (Agric-Manipinta). The highest yielding genotypes under water-stressed condition were Sinkara (582g/plot), Nkatie-sari (512g/plot), Ndogba (470g/plot), Chaco-pag (400g/plot) and Oboshie (381g/plot) and Chinese (local) (340g/plot). Farmers’ selected Sinkara, Ndogba, Chinese, Nkatie-sari, Agric-Manipinta and Chaco-pag based on pod yield and biomass production. Sinkara (0.8798), Sokan-donworor (0.8739), Kpach-Isah (0.8318) and Kpanieli (0.8016) recorded very high mean pod harvest index values, while Ndogba recorded the lowest (0.2252). Combined analysis of variance for pod yield among all the genotypes indicate that the groundnuts performed differently in both water regimes due to the significant interaction effect observed between water regimes and genotypes. Information generated from this study can be used to develop new groundnut varieties that combine higher yield and drought tolerant traits.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.14
ABSTRACT- The physico-chemical properties of four lands use types in Akokwa of Ideato North, Imo State, Nigeria
were determined. The land use patterns were fallow land (FL), cassava continuously cultivated land (CL), Oil palm
plantation (OPL) and Yam plot (YL). Composite samples were collected from various depths (0 -15 cm, 15 – 30 cm,
30 – 45 cm) across these land use patterns and analyzed in the laboratory. Data generated were subjected to analysis of
variance. Results obtained showed significant difference (P≤0.05) in soil bulk density, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen
(TN), available phosphorus (Av. P) and ECEC across the four land use types. The bulk density value was highest at
30 – 45 cm depth by CL (1.93 g/cm3), followed by YL (1.89 g/cm3), OPL (1.70 g/cm3) and FL (1.68 g/cm3). The TN
content of the soil was highest in the FL at 0 – 15 cm depth (0.25%) while the lowest was found in the CL plot (0.03%).
The soil Av. P content was highest in the FL at 0 – 15 cm depth (9.63 mg/kg) while the lowest value was obtained in CL
plot (1.16 mg/kg). The values of OC at the depths of 0 – 15 cm, 15 – 30 cm and 30 – 45 cm in the FL (1.03%, 0.49%.
0.45%) were found to be significantly different (P≤0.05) from the CL (0.39%, 0.15%, 0.13%) land use type. Results
obtained showed that different land use types have varying effects on soil physical and chemical properties. The fallow
land had on the surface (0 – 15 cm) the highest content of soil chemical properties and lowest bulk density. Therefore,
farmers may periodically fallow their lands to build up organic matter, stabilize soil aggregates, improves nutrient cycles
for sustainable productivity.
Key-words- Land use, Soil chemical properties, Bulk density, Fallow land, Cassava land, Yam land, Oil palm land
A study was conducted at a sawah site in Ghana to examine the relationship between landscape
position and some selected soil properties with the aim of generating adequate data for modeling
landscape relationships and to aid both researchers and farmers in taking critical management
decisions. Soil properties namely total porosity, moisture content, infiltration rates, hydraulic
conductivity, sand content, silt content, clay content, gravel concentration, bulk density, soil pH, total
nitrogen, soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity were collected and analysed. Data were
collected at the foot slopes, middle slopes and at the upper slopes from four major landuses (maize, oil
palm, natural vegetation and plantain) in the study area. Simple statistical parameters such as mean
and standard deviation were used to analyse the data. Moisture content, total porosity, soil pH, organic
matter and carbon and total nitrogen increased downslope whilst sand content, clay content, bulk
density occurred at upper slopes decreased downslope. Management practices appeared to have
influenced infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity and silt content.
Mulching and Tied Ridges as A Moisture Conservation Strategy to Improve the Y...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— An experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of soil moisture conservation techniques on improving sorghum yield in a semi-arid rural area of Swaziland. The four treatments were; planting sorghum on flat soil (F), planting on tied ridges (T), planting on mulched soil (M) and planting on a combination of tied ridges and mulch (TM). Sorghum planted on flat soil was used as control in the experiment. The sorghum variety 8625 was planted. The experiment was complete randomized design and each treatment was replicated three times. The parameters measured were; grain yield, total biomass yield, soil moisture suction and grain moisture content at harvest. The grain yields from all the other treatments (mulching, tied ridges, tied ridges with mulching) were higher than those of the control (flat planting). The grain yield from TM was the highest at an average of 10.002 tons/ha. It was significantly different from that of T and F (p<0.05).>0.05). The results showed that a combination of tied ridges and mulching provided superior results in terms of grain yield, dry matter yield and soil moisture suction. Mulching and tied ridges also yielded results that were better than the control (F).
The Effect of Mulching on Soil Moisture Retention and Yield of Lettuce (Lactu...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different mulching materials on soil moisture retention and yield of lettuce at the greenhouse located at Luyengo campus of the University of Eswatini during the months of January and February, 2019. The treatments consisted of grass mulch (GM), Plastic mulch (PM), leaf debris mulch (LM), and no mulch (NM) which was used as a control. Each of the treatments had four replications. The organic mulch was applied at a thickness of 10 cm, and the plots for experiments were randomly selected. Each plant received 600 cm 3 of water every 3 days using a homemade drip irrigation system (equivalent to 6 mm per irrigation circle). Data on soil moisture content was collected using the gravimetric method every 3 days (before irrigation).The growth parameters of the lettuce plants that were collected weekly were plant height, leaf number and leaf area. Both wet weight and dry weight yield were determined for each plot at the end of the experiment (six weeks after planting). Data collected was coded and entered into SPSS computer software. Data analysis was conducted using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the least significance difference (LSD) test to determine if means were significantly different. The results showed that GM treatment had high mean moisture retention at 9.3%. It was followed by PM and LM at 8.9%. The lowest moisture retention was realized from the control (No mulching) at 7.9%.The differences in mean moisture retention was significant between NM and NM (p<0.05). The same pattern was observed for the growth parameters, where GN had highest values and the control had the lowest values. The wet mass yield was highest for GM, at 164.7 g. The yield from LM was 149.3 g. It was followed by PM at 141.3 g. The lowest yield was obtained from the control at 108 g. The difference in mean yields for GM and NM were significant (p<0.05). They were not significantly different for all the other treatments (p>0.050. It was concluded from the experiment that grass mulching resulted in improved moisture retention and high yields.
Effect of storage methods of cassava planting materials on establishment and ...Innspub Net
This document reports on a study that evaluated the effects of different storage methods and cassava varieties on crop establishment and early growth vigor. Cuttings of two cassava varieties (KME4 and Karembo) were stored using different methods (clamp under double shade, horizontal under shade, vertical under shade, horizontal under open ground as a control) for up to 16 weeks. The cuttings were then planted at two sites (Kabete and Kiboko) to assess sprouting ability, number of primary shoots, number of leaves, leaf formation rate, and early growth vigor. Results showed that cuttings stored for shorter durations and using the clamp under double shade method had higher sprouting percentages and more primary shoots. The K
Effect of storage methods of cassava planting materials on establishment and ...Innspub Net
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cruntz.) establishment depends on quality of planting materials. The experiment was done to determine the effects storage and variety on crop establishment and early growth vigour. Karembo and KME 4 varieties were stored in clamp under double shade (CUDS), horizontal under shade (HUS), vertical under shade (VUS) and horizontal under open ground (HOUG) as control for 16 weeks. Planting materials was sampled from each storage methods after every 4 weeks and taken to field to evaluate their sprouting ability, number of primary shoots formation, number of leaves, rate of leaf formation and early growth vigour. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated by LSD. Sprouting percentage at Kabete was 54.73 % while in Kiboko had 37.78 %. The results showed that Kabete had 1.60 number of primary shoots per plant compared to 1.04 of Kiboko. The results showed KME4 had higher sprouting than Karembo in both sites. This can be due to genetic difference among varieties. The rate of leaf formation at Kiboko was higher as compared to Kabete it could be contribute difference in temperature between locations. Thus, optimum temperature and relative humidity should be factored in cassava cuttings storage to avoid increased death of stored cuttings. In case of storage cassava cuttings, should be stored in clamp under double shade methods under low temperature and moderate RH.
Microclimate Modification Using Eco-Friendly Nets & Floating Row Covers Improves Tomato Yield & Quality for Small Holder Farmers in East Africa; Gardening Guidebook for East Africa ~ Egerton University~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Isolation Of Salmonella Gallinarum From Poultry Droppings In Jos Metropolis, ...IOSR Journals
The study evaluated the effects of five different rates of poultry manure (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 tons/hectare) on the growth and yield of watermelon over two growing seasons. Plants that received the highest rate of poultry manure (20 tons/hectare) had significantly greater vine length, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, and fruit weight than plants that received lower rates or no manure. Based on the results, the study recommended that farmers in the area apply 20 tons/hectare of poultry manure to increase watermelon growth and yield.
The Response of Chickpea Cultivars to Irrigation with Treated WastewaterMarwan Haddad
This document summarizes a three-year study on the response of four chickpea cultivars (Bulgarit, WIR-32, Jordan, ICC 11293) to irrigation with treated wastewater versus freshwater. The results showed that the Bulgarit and ICC 11293 cultivars maintained yield when irrigated with treated wastewater, and even saw some biological growth improvements. However, the WIR-32 and Jordan cultivars showed significant yield reductions when irrigated with treated wastewater compared to freshwater. Soil analysis found no significant difference between the two irrigation water types.
Integrated Effect of Mulching Materials and Furrow Irrigation Methods on Yiel...Premier Publishers
A field experiment was conducted at Werer, Middle Awash Valley during the dry season of the 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 to investigate the effects of mulching materials and furrow irrigation methods on onion yield and water productivity under semi-arid conditions. Split plot design with three replications, in which the irrigation methods (Conventional, Fixed and Alternate Furrow) were assigned to the main plot and the three mulching materials (no mulch, wheat straw and white plastic mulch), were to the sub-plot. Results indicate that marketable onion bulb yield and water use efficiency were affected by the main effect of furrow irrigation methods and mulching materials (p< 0.05). But the interaction of irrigation methods and mulch had no significant effect on marketable onion bulb yield and water use efficiency. The conventional furrow irrigation (10081.52kg ha-1) and wheat straw mulch (12121.63 kg ha-1) resulted in the maximum marketable bulb yield. The highest water use efficiency (3.27 kg/m3) was obtained from alternate furrow irrigation method with straw mulch. This suggests that under limited irrigation water, alternate furrow irrigation along with wheat straw mulch minimize evaporation loss; maximize water productivity and sustain onion production at Amibara and similar agro-ecology and soil type.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This study measured soil penetration resistance (PR) and soil moisture in 10 citrus orchards in Vietnam with different ages over one year. The results showed that PR increased with the age of the raised beds and varied seasonally with changes in soil moisture. PR was more strongly correlated with volumetric water content than water potential (pF values). Bulk density of the subsoil layers increased significantly with the age of the raised beds, indicating greater compaction over time. The PR and soil moisture data provided insights into soil structure and compaction that could help minimize degradation in the orchards.
Determination of the optimum date for planting cocoa hybrids in the Divo regi...Innspub Net
The cocoa tree, a crop highly prized in the world for its beans, is one of pillars of the Ivorian economy. However, it is confronted with numerous constraints including climatic disturbances which disturb the cropping calendar. The aim of this work is to determine an optimal planting date allowing a good establishment in the cocoa field. Thus, six-month-old plants were planted on different dates, in particular in March, April, May and June 2015. The parameters studied were the annual rainfall, the monthly distribution of the rains, the growing seasons of Divo, the mortality rate of the plants, the vegetative growth and the production. The results showed that cocoa trees planted in June expressed the highest survival rate (87.9%), followed by that of April (84.96%). The best increases in diameter and height were observed with the March and April plants. Regarding production parameters, the results showed that the March and April plants recorded the highest crowning rates with 66.3 and 57.8% respectively. The same was true of flowering where their rates were 35.4 and 30.3%. Production of cherries was higher in March (25.2%) and April (21.1%) plants. Ultimately the study shows that an early planting of cocoa trees is possible in the Divo region, at least, from the 3rd decade of March.
Effect of Magnetic Treatment of Water on Evapotranspiration of TomatoAZOJETE UNIMAID
This document discusses a study on the effect of magnetic treatment of water on evapotranspiration of tomato plants. Three magnetic flux densities were used to treat water for tomato irrigation, along with a control of non-treated water. The amount of water lost daily from buckets containing tomato plants due to evapotranspiration was measured. Plants irrigated with magnetically treated water had higher daily evapotranspiration rates compared to the control, indicating treated water allowed easier water absorption and faster plant growth despite equal water quantities.
1. The study examined the effects of mulching and irrigation on cocoa seedling survival and establishment during the dry season in Ghana.
2. Results showed that irrigation and mulching significantly increased soil moisture content. Cocoa seedlings raised in topsoil, mulched and irrigated had the highest survival rate of 94.5%, while seedlings without irrigation or mulching had the lowest survival rate of 47.1%.
3. Irrigation had a significant positive effect on cocoa seedling survival, plant height, and leaf number. Seedling survival was 89.6% under irrigation versus 65.6% without irrigation. Mulching alone did not significantly affect seedling survival.
Evapotranspiration partitioning components in an irrigated winter wheat field...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The arid and semi-arid regions constitute roughly one third of the total earth’s surface. In these regions water scarcity is one of the main limiting factors for economic growth. The impact of such water scarcity is amplified by inefficient irrigation practices, especially since about 85% of available water is used for irrigation in these regions. Therefore, a sound and efficient irrigation practice is an important step for achieving sustainable management of water resources in these regions. In this regard, a better understanding of the water balance is essential to explore water-saving techniques. In the context CRP project, experimental setups were conceived to monitor seasonal water consumption on the wheat crop irrigated by flood irrigation in Sidi Rahal station (middle of morocco. The partitioning of evapotranspiration compounds shows that transpiration dominates the evaporation about 68 % for three days (22, 23 and 24 February 2012). In addition the wheat absorbs the soil water from 10 cm to 20 cm (90%) at this growing stage according to the multiple-source mass balance assessment.
Fertility Levels of Soils under Selected Tree Vegetations for Efficient Agro-...AI Publications
In many parts of Nigeria, large areas of lands are dominated by tree crop vegetations for timber production and for fruits with land users not knowing the fertility status of soils in these vegetations. Continual evaluation of soil properties of these tree vegetations has become pertinent for agricultural sustainability. This study therefore was carried out to evaluate the fertility levels of soils under selected tree vegetations at National Horticultural Research Institute Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria. Five tree vegetations that were over 20 years of establishment were selected namely: oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth), African breadfruit (Treculia africana), mango (Mangnifera indica), Ogbonu (Irvingia gabonensis) and orange (citrus spp). In each of these tree vegetations, four soil samples were collected at uniform depths (0 – 20, 20 – 40 and 40 – 60 cm) at different locations using soil auger. The samples were analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. Data collected were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance. Results obtained showed that despite the ages of these vegetations, the soils were acidic, low in macronutrient and basic cation concentrations when compared to FAO standard. The highest exchangeable bases and organic matter (1.78%) was recorded on bread fruit vegetation. Therefore, there is need to increase the fertility status of these soils in these tree crop vegetations by adopting measures that will boost organic matter content of the soil irrespective of the duration of the vegetation and this will help in agro forestry and alley cropping.
Lowland rice water stress management in GhanaPatrickTanz
This study investigated the effects of different water saving management methods on the growth, yield, and water productivity of lowland rice. The treatments included continuous flooding (control), flooding until 10 or 20 days after heading, and alternate wetting and drying until booting followed by flooding until 10 or 20 days after heading. Results showed that withholding water 20 days after heading (treatment 5) saved 24.3% and 25.2% of water in 2016 and 2017, respectively, while producing similar grain yields as the continuously flooded control. Treatment 5 was the most water efficient method with no reduction in yield.
Effects of drip irrigation frequency and depth on soil hydro-physical propert...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Changes in benthic communities in the Middle Atlas springs (Morocco) and thei...Innspub Net
The sources of the Moroccan Middle Atlas suffer not only the effects of anthropogenic pressures, but also those of climate change whose impact is difficult to predict. Our goal is to better understand the succession of processions fauna of the upper Guigou. It is a compendium comparative between the benthic fauna collected towards the end of the years 70 (1979) in the sources Arbalou Abrchane, Tit Zil and the Wadi Guigou. As well as those harvested in the same sites, thirty-four years after. This revealed a significant drop in dissolved oxygen concentration decreased from 7.4 (mg/l) in 1979 to 2.52 (mg/l) in 2015. We have also raised an increase in the workload in chlorides and major elements. Benthic fauna, a significant change in population since 1979, with the appearance and installation of more than a dozen of taxa were identified (Simulium pseudoquinum, Gammarus gauthieri, Phagocata sp., Dugesia gonocephala). Some of these species have become invasive, such as Amphipod crustaceans Gammarus gauthieri, either very abundant as Simulium pseudoquinum. We note the effect “medium” for the direct selection of the species. Other indirect effects due to the reduction of the three dimensional biogenic structures would have limited recognizably State niches by polluo-sensitive species (Ephemeroptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Trichoptera) and could contribute to the total disappearance of all order plecoptera in favour of a dominance of the polluo-tolerant species (Oligochaetes). Over a period of 35 years, there is a deterioration of the health of the aquatic ecosystem studied, a State of art reflected by a decline of the benthic community that lives there.
Similar to Hydrological and physical changes of soils under cocoa plantations of different ages during the dry season in the transition zone of ghana (20)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
High performance Serverless Java on AWS- GoTo Amsterdam 2024Vadym Kazulkin
Java is for many years one of the most popular programming languages, but it used to have hard times in the Serverless community. Java is known for its high cold start times and high memory footprint, comparing to other programming languages like Node.js and Python. In this talk I'll look at the general best practices and techniques we can use to decrease memory consumption, cold start times for Java Serverless development on AWS including GraalVM (Native Image) and AWS own offering SnapStart based on Firecracker microVM snapshot and restore and CRaC (Coordinated Restore at Checkpoint) runtime hooks. I'll also provide a lot of benchmarking on Lambda functions trying out various deployment package sizes, Lambda memory settings, Java compilation options and HTTP (a)synchronous clients and measure their impact on cold and warm start times.
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdfUiPathCommunity
👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
In this session, we shall introduce you to the world of automation, the UiPath Platform, and guide you on how to install and setup UiPath Studio on your Windows PC.
📕 Detailed agenda:
What is RPA? Benefits of RPA?
RPA Applications
The UiPath End-to-End Automation Platform
UiPath Studio CE Installation and Setup
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Introduction to Automation
UiPath Business Automation Platform
Explore automation development with UiPath Studio
👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 2 on June 20: Introduction to UiPath Studio Fundamentals: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-2-introduction-to-uipath-studio-fundamentals/
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Hydrological and physical changes of soils under cocoa plantations of different ages during the dry season in the transition zone of ghana
1. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.3, No.7, 2013
52
Hydrological and Physical Changes of Soils Under Cocoa
Plantations of Different Ages During the Dry Season in the
Transition Zone of Ghana
Emmanuel Kwasi Asiedu1
, Boateng Ampadu2*
, Mensah Bonsu3
, Akwasi Adutwum Abunyewa.3
1. College of Agriculture Education, University of Education, Winneba, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana
2. Faculty of Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, Navrongo Campus, Ghana
3. Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
*E-mail of the corresponding author: ampaduboateng@yahoo.com
Abstract
The study was conducted at the University of Education, Winneba, Mampong Campus from October, 2007 to
March, 2008 to assess the hydrological and physical changes that take place in soils under cocoa plantations of
different ages as climate changed through the dry season. The treatments were T1 (control, representing an
adjoining grass fallow land), T2 (5-year old cocoa plantation), T3 (4-year old cocoa plantation) and T4 (3-year
old cocoa plantation). The parameters measured were: Bulk density, Total porosity, organic matter, gravimetric
moisture content, potential evaporation and Net Litter Accumulation (NLA) of the plants. From the results, T2
recorded the highest gravimetric moisture content, porosity, litter fall, organic matter and lowest bulk density
and potential evaporation. T1 recorded the lowest and highest values for gravimetric moisture content (3.5%) and
evaporation loss of water (249.0mm), respectively, at day 84. Correlation analysis revealed that soil moisture
was highly influenced by bulk density, total porosity, potential evaporation and net leaf litter accumulation. Soil
moisture storage negatively correlated with potential evaporation (r = -0.987) and bulk density (r = -0.985) but
positively correlated with Total porosity (r =0.984) and net litter accumulation (r = 0.941). The proper
manipulation of these parameters would ensure good soil moisture retention and better adaptations of cocoa to
unfavourable conditions driven by climate change in the Transition Zone of Ghana.
Keywords: Gravimetric moisture, potential evaporation, porosity, leaf litter, correlation
1. Introduction
Cocoa is ranked the most important commercial crop in Ghana. It contributes about 33% of the Country’s
foreign exchange earnings and about 12% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
(http://storea.mnesty.ie/home/cocoa.letion). The crop provides more than 40% of the total Government revenue
and employs about 17% of the country’s labour force. (Manu and Tetteh, 1987). Are and Gwynne-Jone (1973)
observed that, cocoa has become a major foreign exchange earner for the West African countries. Akinsammi
(1988) reported that, cocoa oil, cocoa butter, cocoa powder, chocolate; wine and shoe polish can be produced
from cocoa. The by-products, according to Wood and Lass (1985), are made into cocoa jelly and soft drinks. The
development of the crop is therefore jealously being guarded.
Cocoa is a plant of tropical lowland rainforest. It grows well in a wide range of rainfall, between 1000-3000mm
per annum. In Ghana, cocoa is mostly grown in the forest areas of Ashanti, Brong Ahafo, Eastern, Western and
Volta Regions, where rainfall is between 1010mm and 1500mm per annum (Addo-Quaye et al., 1993).
Soil moisture influences most soil processes and plant growth. Fluctuating continually in response to changing
climatic forces. Soil moisture availability is one of the most changeable soil properties that influence cocoa
production in Ghana. Most areas in the Transition Zone of Ghana, including Asante Mampong, are marginal for
cocoa production in terms of rainfall, compelling most of the crops, especially the younger ones to die out during
the peak of the dry season. The solution lies in the identification, and adoption of relevant soil water
conservation measures.
The main objective of this study was to determine how various soil parameters, driven by climate change, could
affect soil moisture storage under cocoa plantations of different ages in the dry season in Mampong Ashanti.
This study would let us know the stage of growth of young cocoa trees at which soil water management is
critical.
2. 2. Materials and Methods
2.1 The Study Area
The experiment was carried out at the cocoa plantation of the University of Education, Winneba, Mampong
Campus from the start of the dry season (October, 2007) to the beginning of the raining season (March, 2008).
Mampong Ashanti is located between latitude 7o
and 8o
N of the equator and longitude 01o
24’W of Greenwich
and on an elevation of 457.5m above sea level (see Figure 1 for location).
Mampong is found within the Transitional Zone between the Guinea Savanna belt in the north and the
2. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.3, No.7, 2013
53
Deciduous Rainforest belt of the middle portion of Ghana. The site falls within an area with a bimodal rainfall
with about seven months of rainfall and five months of dry season each year. The major rainy season begins
from March and ends in July, with a short dry spell in August. The minor season begins in September and ends
in mid-November. The mean monthly rainfall of the area is about 91.2mm with a mean temperature of about 25-
30o
C (Meteorological Service Department, Mampong Ashanti, 2004). The soil of Mampong is locally classified
as the Bediesi series which is well drained, friable, and permeable with moderate organic matter and good water
holding capacity. The soil is classified by the FAO/UNESCO legend as Chromic Luvisol and derived from
Voltaian sandstone of the Afram Plains (Asiamah, 1998).
Cocoa plantations at various ages of growth at the Demonstration Farm of the University of Education,
Mampong Campus, which comprised five-year old, four-year old, three-year old plantations with the adjoining
grass fallow land as the control, were selected as treatments for the experiment.
The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used. Quadrants of 3m x 2m were randomly made under each
treatment for data collection.
2.2 Data Collection
The following parameters were measured in the experimental plots: Bulk density, total Porosity, organic matter
content of the soil, gravimetric soil moisture content, Potential evaporation and Net litter accumulation. The core
sampler method was used for bulk density (Blake, 1965). Determination of soil organic matter was done using
the Walkley–Black method while the gravimetric soil moisture content was determined by the destructive
sampling method (Gardner, 1965). Total Porosity was calculated using the relationship:
f = (1-BD/PD)×100 (Hillel, 1980)
Where f = Total Porosity
BD = Bulk Density.
PD = Particle Density .
An assumed value of 2.65g/cm3
was used for the particle density (Hillel, 1980). Improvised Evaporators were
used to estimate potential evaporation of water on the various treatments. Empty cylindrical containers of 10 litre
capacity were graduated and placed in the soil at ground level. They were filled with water to the mark and
covered with a wire mesh to prevent animals from drinking it. The change in depth of water level was recorded
for each treatment from the graduated scale at two weekly intervals. This represented the potential evaporation of
water and was expressed in centimetres of water.
Measurement of Net accumulation of leaf litter was done at the end of the experiment. Wooden quadrant
measuring 1m x 1m, which were open at both ends were constructed. The quadrants were each placed within the
area demarcated for data collection for all treatments and replications, respectively and the litter within each
quadrant was collected in sampling bags and weighed to obtain the net litter accumulation per unit area.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was used to statically analyze all the data taken and the significant
differences between the means were determined by the Dancan’s Multiple Range Test.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1 Bulk Density
Soil bulk density values for the various treatments are presented in Table 1. The control field recorded the
highest bulk density of 1.62 g/cm3
while the other treatments showed a steady reduction in bulk density as age of
cocoa plantation increased. For mineral soils, lower bulk density is an important productivity index as it
enhances water infiltration and root penetrability among other soil properties (Asiedu et al., 1997). This is in line
with Devis and Freitas (1970) who observed that the lower the bulk density, the more productive the soil is, as it
allows for easy root penetration. Wild (1995) reported that bulk density below 1.60g/cm has those features that
allow root penetration as well as support of good growth of plants. In soils with higher bulk density, plant root
growth is restricted because such soils serve as mechanical resistance to root penetration and limit the amount of
air and water. In such soils, roots must exert greater force to penetrate, thereby lowering root length (UMES,
2001).
3.2 Total Porosity
Data from the experiment showed an increase in total porosity with age of plantation. Total porosity values
recorded were 49, 45 42 and 39% for the 5-year, 4-year, 3-year old plantations and the control, respectively.
Differences between the porosity values were significant (p = 0.05).
Porosity and pore size distribution, as observed by Thien and Graveel (2003), influence many important
processes that impact on plant growth and quality of root environment such as: aeration, drainage, infiltration,
root distribution, water storage and nutrient availability. If total porosity is high, infiltration could also be high.
In effect, higher porosity implies lower bulk density, which promotes microbial activities in the soil for proper
plant growth. In general, the proper growth of roots, leaves, stems and even yield of crops are good indicators of
adequate porosity.
3. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.3, No.7, 2013
54
3.3 Net Leaf Litter Accumulation
Table 1 shows the mean net leaf litter accumulation values for all the treatments. The 5-year old plantation
recorded the highest mean litter accumulation value of 12,744.30kg/ha. This was significantly higher than mean
values of the other treatments (p = 0.05). It was followed by the 4-year old and the 3-year old plantations and the
control with values of 3,967.30, 1,901.00 and 1,052.70kg/ha, respectively. This could probably be attributed to
the fact that the 5-year old plantation, being the oldest plantation, possessed a lot of biomass, with many
branches and leaves forming thicker canopy and consequently resulting in higher litter fall. The lower value of
net litter accumulation for the 3-year old plantation suggests that the canopy was not well established, leading to
low biomass and potential physiological activities. The younger plantations had many shade trees. This is in
agreement with an observation by Wood and Lass (1985) that shade is not only needed to reduce light intensity
but also to buffer the micro-environment so that excessive moisture stress in the young plant is avoided.
3.4 Organic matter Content
Figure 2 shows that the 5-year old plantation recorded the highest percentage organic matter with a value of
3.2%. This could be attributed to the fact that the highest leaf litter drop (Table 1) had decomposed over the
years to increase the soil organic matter content. This was followed by the 4-year old plantation and the control
in a decreasing order with the 3-year old plantation recording the least value of 2.54%. The high organic matter
content recorded by the 5-year old plantation could also be attributed to the creation of suitable micro-climate
which mitigated the adverse climatic effects of the dry season. This could have been achieved through canopy
development, soil moisture retention by leaf litter which acted as mulch, improved biological activity and
reduced evaporation. The work of Thien and Graveel (1997) confirmed that the origin of organic matter in soil is
plant residue. Soil organic matter is known to play a very important role in soil moisture storage and retention.
Humus as identified by Thien and Graveel (2003) is the active component of soil organic matter which enhances
water retention, nutrient adsorption, aggregate stability and pesticide adsorption.
3.5 Soil Moisture Storage
Changes in gravimetric soil moisture content at 14-day interval over a period of 126 days in the dry season
between November, 2007 and February, 2008 is presented in Fig. 3. The 5-year old plantation recorded the
highest gravimetric soil moisture storage throughout the dry season (84 days). This was followed by the 4-year
old plantation, the control and the 3-year old plantation in that decreasing order. The high gravimetric soil
moisture storage in the 5-year old plantation throughout the dry season could be attributed to the heavy leaf litter
accumulation (Table 1) which served as mulch, thicker canopy cover which prevented the direct heating effect of
the sun, high organic matter content (Fig. 2) and low potential evaporation (Fig. 4). According to Wood and Lass
(1985) shade is not only needed to reduce light intensity, but also to buffer the micro-environment so that
excessive moisture stress in young plants is avoided. According to Brady (1969) mulches are highly effective in
checking evaporation and are most practical for home garden use and for high-valued crops. This is confirmed
by Thien and Graveel (2003) who explained that weather, soil use, management activities, plant growth and
landscape features all influence water balance in soil. It was, however, observed when it rained after 84 days of
soil moisture data collection, gravimetric moisture of the 4-year old plantation became higher than that of the 5-
year old plantation. This could be explained by the fact that the thick ground leaf litter cover of the 5-year old
plantation might have impeded water entry into the soil.
3.6 Potential Evaporation
Figure 4 represents the data on Potential Evaporation of water taken at a two (2) weekly intervals. From Fig. 4,
the Control field recorded the highest loss of water (249.5mm), followed by 3-year, 4-year and 5-year old
plantations which recorded potential evaporation values of 245, 180 and 130mm of water respectively. The
results suggest that, because of the heavy canopy on the 5-year old plantation, direct heat of the sun onto the soil
was reduced, thereby reducing the rate of water loss. The heavy canopy of the 5-year old plantation also helped
to increase relative humidity which slowed down evaporation.
3.7 Correlation Analysis
Table 2 shows the relationship between soil gravimetric moisture content and bulk density, porosity, potential
evaporation and net litter accumulation. Table 2 indicates that gravimetric soil moisture showed negative
correlation with bulk density (r = - 0.985) and potential evaporation (r = - 0.987). A positive correlation existed
between gravimetric soil moisture and Total porosity (r = 0.984) and gravimetric soil moisture and net litter
accumulation (r = 0.941). This could be explained by the fact that increasing porosity improved water intake
capacity of the soil. The litter also acted as mulch to reduce evaporation loss of water thereby enhancing
moisture storage in the soil. As the thickness of canopy increased, more moisture is retained in the soil and less
water is likely to be lost as potential evaporation. Also, as the bulk density is increased, the tendency is for less
moisture to enter the soil.
4. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.3, No.7, 2013
55
4. Conclusion
The study shows that the older the plantation, the higher the soil moisture storage, organic matter content, total
porosity and net leaf litter accumulation. These parameters are expected to reduce with reducing age of the cocoa
plantation. Conversely, bulk density and potential evaporation are lowest in the older cocoa plantations and
increase with reducing age of the plantations. Values recorded from the control field confirmed that the changes
in the physical and hydrological properties were due to biological and micro-climatic changes induced by the
cocoa plantations which increased with age of the cocoa trees. High and significant correlations existed between
soil moisture and bulk density, potential evaporation, total porosity and net leaf litter accumulation, respectively.
This suggests that the proper manipulation of these parameters would ensure good soil moisture retention and
better adaptations of cocoa to unfavourable conditions driven by climate change in the Transition Zone of Ghana
and also soil moisture storage is critical for the growth of young plantation in the fringes of the Transition Zone
of Ghana.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Messers BOAMPONG RICHARD and MARFO
SAMPSON, former students of the College of Agriculture, University of Education, Winneba, Mampong
Ashanti campus, in the data collection for this work as part of their project work for the award of the Bachelor of
Education Degree in Agriculture.
References
Addo-Quaye, A. A. (1993). General Agriculture for S.S.S., H, Gangarad and Sons, Bombay, India pp. 229-230.
Akinsanmi, O. (1988). Certificate Agricultural Science. UK, Longman Group Ltd. pp. 49-53.
Are, L. A. and Gwynne-Jone, D. R. G. (1973). Cocoa in West Africa. Oxford University press, London.
Asiamah, R.D. (1998). Soil and Soil Suitability of Ashanti Region. Soil Research Institute-Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research, Kwadaso-Kumasi: Report No. 193. Pp.21
Asiedu, E. K., Ahenkorah, Y., Bonsu, M., and Oteng, J.W. (1997). Assessment of the
Performance of some Vertisol Management Technologies using certain soil physical parameters. Proc. Soil Sci.
Society of Ghana, vol. 14 & 15, pp 190-199.
Blake, G. R. (1965). Particle Density. In Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Agro. Series No. 9, American Society
Agronomy Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Brady, N.C. (1969). Nature and Properties of Soils. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc.
(8th
ed.), pp. 210.
Devis,J. and Freitas, D. (1970). Physical Methods of Soil and Water Analysis. FAO. Soil Bulleting, pp.27.
Gardner, W. H. (1965). Water: Direct Methods. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1. A Block (Ed). American
Society of Agronomy Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. pp. 82-84.
Hillel, D. (1980). Fundamentals of Soil Physics. New York press Inc. pp. 17-18, 95-96.
Manu, M. and Tetteh, E. K. (1987). A Guide to Cocoa Cultivation. Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, pp.3-51.
Thien, S.J. and Graveel, J. G. (1997). Laboratory Manual for Soil Science. (7th
Edition). Macmillan Publishers
Ltd. London and Basingstoke, pp.97.
Thien, S.J. and Graveel, J. G. (2003). Laboratory Manual for Soil Science. (8th
Edition). Macmillan Publishers
Ltd. London and Basingstoke.
UMES (2001). University of Minnesota Extension Service : Soil Compaction: Causes, Effects and Control.
www.extension.umn.edu/distribution.
Wild, A. (1995). Soils and Environment, An Introduction. Press Syndicate, University of Cambridge. Pp. 19, 116.
Wood, G.A.R. and Lass, R. A. (1985). Cocoa. Tropical Agriculture Series. (4th
ed.). New York, Longman Group
Ltd. London. Pp.1-92.
5. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.3, No.7, 2013
56
Figure 1. Map of Ghana showing the location of the study area.
Figure 2. Organic matter content of soils under cocoa plantations of different ages
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
T1 T2 T3 T4
Treatments
OrganicMatterContent(%)
6. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.3, No.7, 2013
57
Figure 3. Seasonal Changes in Soil Gravimetric Moisture Content
Figure 4. Potential Evaporation behaviour of the Treatments
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1 14 28 42 56 70 84
Time (Days)
GravimetricMoistureContent(%)
T1
T2
T3
T4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 14 28 42 56 70 84
Time (Days)
PotentialEvaporation(cm)
T1
T2
T3
T4
7. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.3, No.7, 2013
58
Table 1. Bulk Density, Total Porosity and Net Litter Accumulation on soils under Cocoa Plantations of different
ages
Treatments Bulk Density
(g/cm3
)
Total Porosity
(%)
Net Leaf Litter
Accumulation (Kg/ha)
T1 (Control)
T2(5-year plantation)
T3 (4-year plantation)
T4 (3-year plantation)
1.62
1.35
1.46
1.54
39.0
49.0
45.0
42.0
1,052.7
12,744.3
3,967.3
1,901.0
CV
LSD (0.05)
2.49%
0.063
3.31%
2.883
55.44%
5,446
Table 2. Correlation Analysis of some Parameters
Correlation Correlation Coefficient (r)
Gravimetric Moisture versus Bulk Density
Gravimetric Moisture versus Porosity
Gravimetric Moisture versus Net litter accumulation
Gravimetric Moisture versus Potential Evaporation
-0.985 **
0.984 **
0.941 *
- 0.987 *
* Significant (P ≤ 0.05)
** Highly Significant (P ≤ 0.01)
8. This academic article was published by The International Institute for Science,
Technology and Education (IISTE). The IISTE is a pioneer in the Open Access
Publishing service based in the U.S. and Europe. The aim of the institute is
Accelerating Global Knowledge Sharing.
More information about the publisher can be found in the IISTE’s homepage:
http://www.iiste.org
CALL FOR PAPERS
The IISTE is currently hosting more than 30 peer-reviewed academic journals and
collaborating with academic institutions around the world. There’s no deadline for
submission. Prospective authors of IISTE journals can find the submission
instruction on the following page: http://www.iiste.org/Journals/
The IISTE editorial team promises to the review and publish all the qualified
submissions in a fast manner. All the journals articles are available online to the
readers all over the world without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than
those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. Printed version of the
journals is also available upon request of readers and authors.
IISTE Knowledge Sharing Partners
EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP Open
Archives Harvester, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elektronische
Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate, OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial
Library , NewJour, Google Scholar