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Hw 499 01 Unit 4: Prenatal Nutrition [PowerPoint Presentation]
- 1. PRENATAL NUTRITION THE USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS CLARA THOMAS KAPLAN UNIVERSITY HW 499-01 Image by Pexels.com, (n.d.)
- 2. Introduction Nutritional Recommendations for Pregnant Women Prenatal Vitamins: What You Should Consider Before Buying Prenatal Vitamin Recommendations Practical Advice for Mothers Considering Prenatal Vitamin Supplements CONTENTS Image by Pexels.com, (n.d.)
- 3. INTRODUCTION Prenatal Nutrition: The Use of Dietary Supplements • Pregnancy and breastfeeding increases the nutritional needs of a woman’s body. According to Haas (2002), the most important thing an expectant mother can do for her baby is eat a healthy, well-balanced diet that includes foods from all the food groups. Proper nutrition maintains optimal health and well-being by ensuring that her body is supplied with all the essential nutrients, in the appropriate amounts, including carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals and water (Haas, 2002). However, because adequate milk production and maintenance of the mother’s nutritional reserves significantly increases her nutrient requirements, in countries like the United States, over half of all women that are breastfeeding take some form of dietary supplement (Kajale, Khadikar & et al, 2014). In the United States, the health of mothers and their infants is a priority. There is accumulating evidence, based on evaluations by public health nutrition programs and nutrient-specific intervention trials that show that modifying a mother’s nutrition can and does produce beneficial health effects (Picciano, 2003).
- 4. NUTRITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREGNANT WOMEN • During your pregnancy, eating a well- balanced, healthy diet is always best • Use caution and consult your doctor for advice on prenatal vitamin and mineral supplements • Know what to do if the prenatal vitamin/ mineral supplement you choose makes you nauseatedImage by Pexels.com, (n.d.)
- 5. PRENATAL VITAMINS: What You Should Consider Before Buying According to Bruso (2015), not all vitamins are created equally and understanding the differences between over-the-counter and prescription prenatal vitamins can help expectant mothers decide what’s best for them. Always consult with your doctor before choosing which prenatal vitamins to take. • Over-the -counter (OTC) prenatal vitamins- cost less, but content is less verifiable • Prescription prenatal vitamins- content more closely regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) • Nutrient Deficiencies- not getting enough of some nutrients can have a negative effect on the baby’s health • Excessive consumption- taking too much of some nutrients can negatively impact health of the mother and baby (Bruso, 2015) Image: Bayer (2017)
- 6. WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN PRENATAL VITAMINS Look for a Prenatal Vitamin that Includes: •400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid. • 400 IU of vitamin D. • 200 to 300 milligrams (mg) of calcium. •70 mg of vitamin C. •3 mg of thiamine. •2 mg of riboflavin. •20 mg of niacin. •6 mcg of vitamin B12. •10 mg of vitamin E. •15 mg of zinc. •17 mg of iron. •150 micrograms of iodine Image from Pixabay.com (2017) List Copied from WebMD (2016)
- 7. PRACTICAL ADVICE FOR MOTHERS CONSIDERING PRENATAL VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS Prenatal Nutrition: The Use of Dietary Supplements Review • Background information • Research Supported Benefits of Nutrient Increases During Pregnancy • Increased Nutritional Demands During Pregnancy • Should You Take Prenatal Vitamin Supplements?
- 8. THANK YOU Image by Pexels.com, (n.d.)
- 9. REFERENCES • Bayer (2017). Prenatal Vitamins with DHA & Folic Acid: One A Day Vitamins. Retrieved from https://www.oneaday.com/womens-prenatal1 • Bruso, J. (2015, October 19). What Is the Difference Between Over-the-Counter Prenatal Vitamins & Prescription Prenatal Vitamins? Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/412328-what-is-the-difference-between-over- the-counter-prenatal-vitamins-prescription-prenatal-vitamins/ • Haas, A. (2002). Nutrition during Pregnancy. Retrieved from https://midwiferytoday.com/articles/nutritionpreg.asp • Kajale, N., Khadilkar, A., Chiponkar, S., Unni, J., & Mansukhani, N. (2014). Effect of traditional food supplements on nutritional status of lactating mothers and growth of their infants. Nutrition, 30(11/12), 1360-1365. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.005 • Pexels.com (n.d.). Free stock photos: Pregnant photos. Retrieved from https://www.pexels.com/search/pregnant/ • Picciano, M. F. (2003). Pregnancy and Lactation: Physiological Adjustments, Nutritional Requirements and the Role of Dietary Supplements. In Journal Of Nutrition, 133(6), 1997S-2000S. • Pixabay. Com (2017). Free Images - Photos, Illustrations, Vector graphics: Vitamins. Retrieved from https://pixabay.com/ • WebMD (2016). Pregnancy and Prenatal Vitamins. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/prenatal- vitamins#1.
Editor's Notes
- Prenatal Nutrition: This presentation addresses the use of prenatal vitamin supplements: Nutritional Recommendations for Pregnant Women Prenatal Vitamins: What You Should Consider Before Buying Prenatal Vitamin Recommendations Practical Advice for Mothers Considering Prenatal Vitamin Supplements
- Recommendations Eating a well-balanced healthy diet- eating a healthy diet is one of the best ways to ensure the health and development of your baby. Consuming foods like green leafy vegetables, beans, nuts, citrus fruits, and nutritional resources fortified with nutrients will provide you and your baby with the daily recommended amounts of nutrients like iron, folic acid, iodine and calcium. Prenatal vitamins should serve to supplement, not replace eating a healthy diet (WebMD, 2016). Use caution when taking prenatal vitamins- taking a prenatal vitamin is the best way to ensure that you get enough of the nutrients you need while carrying your baby. Your health care provider can prescribe a prenatal vitamin for you and/or suggest a list of over-the –counter prenatal vitamins that are safe for you to take. Some over-the-counter prenatal vitamins, especially those sold in natural or health food stores have additives, like herbs, such as chamomile and dandelion, that may not be safe to consume during pregnancy, even though they are sometimes recommended by midwives and herbalists (Bruso, 2015). Nausea related to prenatal vitamins- If the prenatal vitamins you’re taking make you nauseated, you should talk to your health care provider. Your doctor may be able to prescribe a different kind of vitamin for you, one that is chewable or a liquid vitamin that is easier to swallow (WebMD, 2016).
- What You Should Consider Before Buying: Over the counter (OTC) prenatal vitamins- may cost less than prescription prenatal vitamins, which makes them more affordable for women with limited or no insurance coverage Prescription prenatal vitamins are more closely regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), because they have a higher micronutrient content, so they are more likely to contain the ingredients listed on the label in the amounts detailed Nutrient Deficiencies- not getting enough of some nutrients, like iodine, iron and folic acid can have a negative impact on the baby’s growth and development Iron Deficiency- can cause anemia by decreasing your body’s ability to make red blood cells Folic Acid Deficiency – can cause anemia (low red blood cell count) and may lead to birth defects Iodine Deficiency- can predispose children to mental retardation and growth problems Excessive Nutrient Consumption- taking too much of some nutrients, such as vitamin A and iron can also be detrimental to the baby and/or mother’s health Excessive Vitamin A (retinol)- can lead to birth defects that affect the baby’s lungs, eyes, heart or skull Excessive Iron Intake- can cause constipation and upset stomach. In extreme cases, it could increase your risk for preeclampsia (a form of high blood pressure that causes women to have protein in their urine), miscarriage or diabetes while pregnant Recommendation: It is best to ask the doctor to recommend a few prenatal vitamin choices, then check your insurance coverage, before making a decision, because some prescription prenatal vitamins may have no out of pocket expenses and their content is more closely regulated by the FDA (Bruso, 2015).
- Prenatal Nutrition: The Use of Dietary Supplements Background information Recap: Pregnancy and breastfeeding increases the nutritional needs of a woman’s body. According to Haas (2002), the most important thing an expectant mother can do for her baby is eat a healthy, well-balanced diet that includes foods from all the food groups. Proper nutrition maintains optimal health and well-being by ensuring that her body is supplied with all the essential nutrients, in the appropriate amounts, including carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals and water (Haas, 2002). However, because adequate milk production and maintenance of the mother’s nutritional reserves significantly increases her nutrient requirements, in countries like the United States, over half of all women that are breastfeeding take some form of dietary supplement (Kajale, Khadikar & et al, 2014). Research Supported Benefits of Nutrient Increases During Pregnancy: Research has shown that pregnant women need a well-balanced, high-quality diet that includes nutrients and calories from all the food groups. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that a pregnant woman eat an adequate amount of protein each day, obtained from a wide variety of whole food sources, so that she gets all the important nutrients needed during her pregnancy. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Pyramid provides a good example of a well-balanced diet for women, but pregnant women’s needs are different. To support the growth and development of a growing baby, they need 2000- 3000 calories per day, which includes increased amounts of protein and calories (Haas, 2002). Increased Nutritional Demands During Pregnancy: During pregnancy, the amount of blood in a woman’s body increases substantially, to achieve and maintain this remarkable increase, she needs adequate nutrients such as protein, salt, calcium, potassium and water from her diet. The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) indicated that calcium may also help reduce the incidence of preeclampsia, a disorder associated with pregnancy. Vitamins A and C are important for fighting infection, boosting the immune system, cell structure development and preventing placental detachment. Zinc is a mineral that is important for pregnant women, because it supports the immune system. According to the JAMA, it also helps improve the baby’s birth weight and certain aspects of development. Furthermore, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) now recommends the fortification of breads and pastas with folic acid, to ensure that this important nutrient is accessible to all women of childbearing age; especially since, adequate intake of it can prevent neural tube birth defects like spina bifida (Haas, 2002). Should You Take Prenatal Vitamin Supplements? Vitamin supplements are very popular, but supplements in the form of tablets or special foods will not sufficiently meet the nutritional needs of breastfeeding mothers ((Kajale, Khadikar & et al, 2014) and there are risks to consider when taking some of them while pregnant, such as vitamin A. Others, like calcium or iron, are hard to digest and the B complex supplements must be taken along with others, since absences, insufficiencies or excesses of either may cause problems. The best advice comes from Haas (2002), which states that expectant mothers should always check with their health care provider before taking anything while pregnant and a qualified nutritional expert should assess any special dietary needs (Haas, 2002).