Husek slide #5
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The Seljuks were one of the first migrating Turkish groups that grew in strength and captured Baghdad from the Persians. After taking Baghdad, the Seljuk rulers gained the loyalty of their new Persian subjects by favorably treating them and appointing Persians to government positions.
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The Safavids were a Shi'a brotherhood that took power in Iran in the 1400s and established Shi'a Islam as the dominant religion, shaping modern Iran. They were constantly at war with the neighboring Sunni Ottomans over control of the Fertile Crescent. Shah Abbas ruled during the Safavid Golden Age in the 1500s-1600s and rebuilt Isfahan, borrowing from various cultures to blend Persian arts and Shi'a Islam. However, weak later rulers led to military losses and the dynasty's fall by 1722, though it left a lasting cultural legacy.
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The document summarizes the history of the Delhi Sultanate from 1206 to 1526 CE. It describes the major dynasties that ruled during this period, including the Slave Dynasty, the Khilji Dynasty, the Tughlaq Dynasty, and the Lodi Dynasty. It also provides brief descriptions of some of the most important rulers, such as Iltutmish, Alauddin Khilji, Muhammad bin Tughlaq, and Firoz Shah Tughlaq. Finally, it lists some key terms and selected books related to the Delhi Sultanate period.
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The document summarizes information about the town of Suf in Jordan. It is located 8 km from Jerash and has an area of 39,000 dunums. Suf played a role in the Great Arab Revolt in the late 19th/early 20th century. The document then focuses on Ali Al Kayed Al Otoum, who was born in Suf in 1875 and participated in establishing the government of Transjordan. He built a famous palace in Suf in the late 19th century that was visited by many leaders. The palace is now considered a local historical icon but its future is still undecided.
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3) Powerful kingdoms like the Cheras, Pandyas, and Cholas rose in Southern India, benefiting from increased trade via sea routes.
4) Religions and culture spread across trade networks and through foreign rulers, with Buddhism spreading extensively through missionaries and travelers.
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The document summarizes the Muslim invasions of India beginning in the 8th century, including Mohammad Bin Qasim's invasion in 712 AD, Mahmud Ghaznavi's invasions from 998-1030 AD where he raided and stole wealth, and Mohammad Ghori's invasion from 1175-1206 AD which laid the foundation for Muslim domination. It also lists the major Turkic and Afghan dynasties that ruled northern India from the 13th to 16th centuries, and describes some of the central government departments and officials during this period.
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The Persian Empire developed systems like the qanat to transport water from underground aqueducts for agriculture and communities. It was ruled as a monarchy with the king as head. Three important leaders were Cyrus the Great, who allowed conquered peoples to keep their religions; Darius the Great, who expanded the empire and built infrastructure; and Xerxes, who went to war with Greek city-states. The empire declined after Xerxes' assassination.
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Description about Rule on Delhi that started with Tomar Ruler Ananga Pala who was overthroned by Prithviraj Chauhan and then Delhi moved into hands of Md Ghori. From there Muslim Rule started in India. And this presentation is totally related to the topic
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The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Assyrian Empire from 850-650 BC. It details how Assyria developed a powerful military which they used to conquer a vast empire stretching across the Fertile Crescent through ruthless tactics like slaughtering civilians. They established strong imperial administration by installing governors and influencing neighboring rulers. At its peak, the Assyrian Empire spanned from Egypt to the Caucasus Mountains before overextension and cruelty towards enemies led to its decline and destruction.
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1. Confucianism taught ethics and morality, emphasizing respect for authority and tradition.
2. Daoism focused on living in harmony with nature and minimizing interference.
3. Legalism advocated a system of harsh laws and punishments to maintain order.
Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, unified the country through conquest and implemented reforms based on Legalism, including standardization of currency, script, and measurements. He also initiated construction of the Great Wall to defend against invaders. However, his harsh rule led to a backlash and overthrow of the Qin dynasty after his death.
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The document discusses the rise of the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great and the methods of governance used by the Persians compared to the Assyrians. Cyrus conquered many neighboring kingdoms through military might but governed through tolerance of local customs and religions. He allowed freedoms for conquered peoples while maintaining control through a system of provinces and satraps. The Persian Empire expanded further under Cyrus' successors though some faced rebellions. Darius divided the vast empire into 20 provinces each with their own laws but loyal to the central Persian rule.
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Ancient China had a long history and distinct culture that developed over thousands of years. Several quotes highlight how the Chinese valued learning from history for governance. China was ruled by a succession of dynasties, each claiming a mandate from heaven to bring order and infrastructure but often losing power due to issues like taxes or disasters. The dynastic cycle of rise and fall repeated over time. Ancient China developed river valley civilizations and saw transitions as people shifted from hunter-gathering to herding and farming lifestyles.
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Muhammad bin Tughluq ascended the throne in 1325 after his father's death. He believed in unifying India under a single administration and made several attempts to expand his empire, but many of his campaigns and policies were unsuccessful. He tried to shift the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad to better govern his lands, but faced resistance and eventually moved back to Delhi. An attempt to replace silver coins with copper coins also failed. While he was a learned scholar, many of Muhammad bin Tughluq's experiments proved disastrous and contributed to his reputation as an ineffective ruler.
Who are the Tuareg
The document provides information about the Tuareg people, including:
- They live in parts of Niger, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Senegal, and Mali.
- For thousands of years, their economy revolved around trans-Saharan trade routes, bringing goods from southern cities in Africa to northern Mediterranean coasts.
- While most Tuareg now practice Islam, they are not considered Arabic. Their practice of Islam is often nominal, following some rituals but not strictly adhering to requirements like fasting during Ramadan due to their nomadic lifestyle.
History of gilgit baltistan
The document provides a history of the Gilgit Baltistan region. It discusses how the area was divided into several principalities and republics before the British invasion in 1840. It then summarizes how the Sikhs and Dogras attacked and occupied parts of the region between 1840-1890. In 1891-92, the British Indian Army conquered the remaining areas, bringing the whole region under British rule. The people of Gilgit-Baltistan gained freedom from the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir through their own revolution on November 1, 1947 and established their own state, later joining Pakistan.
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1) La India se encuentra en la placa tectónica india y fue parte del supercontinente Gondwana.
2) La geografía de la India incluye la llanura Indo-Gangética, las montañas Satpura y Vindhya, la meseta de Chota Nagpur y la meseta de Decán.
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Husek slide #8
The Mongol Empire conquered much of Eurasia in the 13th century, posing little threat from Western powers. After the fall of the Mongol empire, the Ottoman Turks rose to power and built an empire that lasted into the 20th century, controlling much of Eastern Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa.
Husek slide #7
Christians launched the First Crusade in 1095 to retake control of the holy land and middle east from Muslim rule. Pope Urban II called on Christians to drive the Turks out of Anatolia and recover Jerusalem, which was under Muslim control. The First Crusade was part of a larger counterattack by western Christians against the Turks and other Muslims for dominance in the region.
Husek slide#6
The Turks adopted aspects of Persian culture after converting to Islam, including using the Persian language and emulating the Persian way of life that they admired, which led to Arabic nearly disappearing from Persia as the Turks showed preference for Persian learning and traditions over Arabic.
Husek slide #4
The Abbasids took note of the Turks for their strong military skills. They began a practice of buying Turkish children to raise as slaves and train as soldiers to employ as bodyguards. This allowed the Abbasids to take advantage of Turkish military prowess while also exerting control over the Turks.
Husek slide #3
China's records from 1300 BC mentioned a people called the Tu-kiu living west of their borders, who were likely the Turks. The Tu-kiu were referenced in early Chinese documents as living near China's western borders at that time. In a few brief sentences, this highlights the key details that the early Chinese made note of a group called the Tu-kiu in written records from 1300 BC that inhabited land near China's western edge, and these people were potentially the Turks.
Husek slide#2
Egypt gained independence from the Abbasid Caliphate in 868. For over two centuries, Egypt was ruled by autonomous dynasties, starting with the Tulunids. The Fatimids would later conquer Egypt in 969 and establish Cairo as the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate.
Husek slide #8
The Mongol Empire conquered much of Eurasia in the 13th century, posing little threat from Western powers. After the fall of the Mongol empire, the Ottoman Turks rose to power and built an empire that lasted into the 20th century, controlling much of Eastern Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa.
Husek slide #7
Christians launched the First Crusade in 1095 to retake control of the holy land and middle east from Muslim rule. Pope Urban II called on Christians to drive the Turks out of Anatolia and recover Jerusalem, which was under Muslim control. The First Crusade was part of a larger counterattack by western Christians against the Turks and other Muslims for dominance in the region.
Husek slide#6
The Turks adopted aspects of Persian culture after converting to Islam, including using the Persian language and emulating the Persian way of life that they admired, which led to Arabic nearly disappearing from Persia as the Turks showed preference for Persian learning and traditions over Arabic.
Husek slide #5
The Seljuks were one of the first migrating Turkish groups that grew in strength and captured Baghdad from the Persians. After taking Baghdad, the Seljuk rulers gained the loyalty of their new Persian subjects by favorably treating them and appointing Persians to government positions.
Husek slide #4
The Abbasids took note of the Turks for their strong military skills. They began a practice of buying Turkish children to raise as slaves and train as soldiers to employ as bodyguards. This allowed the Abbasids to take advantage of Turkish military prowess while also exerting control over the Turks.
Husek slide #3
China's records from 1300 BC mentioned a people called the Tu-kiu living west of their borders, who were likely the Turks. The Tu-kiu were referenced in early Chinese documents as living near China's western borders at that time. In a few brief sentences, this highlights the key details that the early Chinese made note of a group called the Tu-kiu in written records from 1300 BC that may have been an early reference to Turkic peoples located west of China.
Husek slide#2
Egypt gained independence from the Abbasid Caliphate in 868. For over two centuries, Egypt was ruled by autonomous dynasties, starting with the Tulunids who controlled the country from 868 to 905. This period saw Egypt self-govern without oversight from Baghdad.
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Husek slide #5
- 1. Seljuk's • One of the first migrating Turkish groups was known as the Seljuk's • The Seljuk's grew in number and strength. In loss they attacked and captured Bagdad from the Persians. • Back in Bagdad and it surrounding region, Seljuk rulers wisely courted the support of their newly conquered Persian subjects. • This favorable treatment made the Persians loyal supporters of the Seljuk's, and the Turks often appointed them as government officials