A hurricane is a severe tropical storm that forms in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Northeast Pacific Ocean east of the dateline, or the South Pacific Ocean east of 160E. Hurricanes need warm tropical oceans, moisture and light winds above them Typhoon — (the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the dateline) Severe Tropical Cyclone — (the Southwest Pacific Ocean west of 160E or Southeast Indian Ocean east of 90E) Severe Cyclonic Storm — (the North Indian Ocean) Tropical Cyclone — (the Southwest Indian Ocean) High and low air pressure areas At sea level, air pressure averages 1,013 millibars.Coriolis

1. Typhoons, and Cyclones
By
Kella Randolph M.Ed.
HURRICANES

2. Air pressure is measured in
millibars (mb).
Air pressure is equal to the weight of a vertical
column of air divided by the area of the base of
the column.
AIR PRESSURE – THE FORCE OF AIR ON A
SURFACE.
https://images.app.goo.gl/3BEwuHzQpeqVSdCh9
https://images.app.goo.gl/27meJzrw8Xb4ZJj86

3. • A HURRICANE WARNING issued for
your part of the coast indicates that
sustained winds of at least 74 mph
are expected within 24 hours or less.
Once this warning has been issued,
your family should be in the process
of completing protective actions and
deciding the safest location to be
during the storm.
• A HURRICANE WATCH issued for
your part of the coast indicates the
possibility that you could experience
hurricane conditions within 36 hours.
This watch should trigger your family's
disaster plan, and protective
measures should be initiated,
especially those actions that require
extra time such as securing a boat,
leaving a barrier island, etc.
WATCH VS WARNING
KNOW THE DIFFERENCE

4. https://images.app.goo.gl/sts9Hi7jsXJYob3cA

5. Typhoon — (the Northwest Pacific
Ocean west of the dateline)
Severe Tropical Cyclone — (the
Southwest Pacific Ocean west of 160E
or Southeast Indian Ocean east of 90E)
Severe Cyclonic Storm — (the North
Indian Ocean)
Tropical Cyclone — (the Southwest
Indian Ocean)
A hurricane is a severe tropical storm
that forms in the North Atlantic Ocean,
the Northeast Pacific Ocean east of the
dateline, or the South Pacific Ocean east
of 160E. Hurricanes need warm tropical
oceans, moisture and light winds above
them. If the right conditions last long
enough, a hurricane can produce violent
winds, incredible waves, torrential rains
and floods.
In other regions of the world, these
types of storms have different names.
WHAT IS A HURRICANE?

6. A tropical storm becomes a hurricane
when winds reach 74 mph. There are on
average six Atlantic hurricanes each year;
over a three-year period, approximately
five hurricanes strike the United States
coastline from Texas to Maine. The Atlantic
hurricane season begins June 1 and ends
November 30. The East Pacific hurricane
season runs from May 15 through
November 30, with peak activity occurring
during July through September. In a
normal season, the East Pacific would
expect 15 or 16 tropical storms. Nine of
these would become hurricanes, of which
four or five would be major hurricanes.
HURRICANES ROTATE IN A COUNTERCLOCKWISE
DIRECTION AROUND AN "EYE."
https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/weather-
atmosphere-education-resources/hurricanes

7. • Storm surge is an abnormal rise of water
generated by a storm, over and above the
predicted astronomical tides.
• Storm surge should not be confused with storm tide,
which is defined as the water level rise due to the
combination of storm surge and the astronomical tide.
This rise in water level can cause extreme flooding in
coastal areas particularly when storm surge coincides
with normal high tide, resulting in storm tides reaching
up to 20 feet or more in some cases.
• Image below:https://www.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/image/0032/67667/illustration-
storm-tide.jpg
Storm tideStorm surge
STORM SURGE VS. STORM TIDE
https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/images/storms
urgevsstormtide.jpg

8. • Storm surge is the abnormal rise in
seawater level during a storm,
measured as the height of the water
above the normal predicted
astronomical tide. The surge is caused
primarily by a storm’s winds pushing
water onshore. The amplitude of the
storm surge at any given location
depends on the orientation of the
coastline with the storm track; the
intensity, size, and speed of the storm;
and the local bathymetry. NOAA
• Definition of tidal amplitude: the elevation of tidal
high water above mean (average) sea level
HURRICANE STORM SURGE
https://images.app.goo.gl/R8YfdvikLNnGCDvw7

9. • Storm tide is the total observed seawater
level during a storm, resulting from the
combination of storm surge and the
astronomical tide. Astronomical tides are
caused by the gravitational pull of the sun
and the moon and have their greatest
effects on seawater level during new and
full moons—when the sun, the moon, and
the Earth are in alignment. As a result, the
highest storm tides are often observed
during storms that coincide with a new or
full moon.
• Definition of Astronomical tide:
• The tidal levels and character which would result from
gravitational effects, e.g. of the Earth, Sun and Moon,
without any atmospheric influences
STORM TIDE IS THE TOTAL OBSERVED
SEAWATER LEVEL DURING A STORM
https://images.app.goo.gl/xWxffjnZEJviRd7t6

10. HURRICANE MICHAEL BROUGHT WATER LEVELS OVER 20’ HIGH TO THE FLORIDA GULF COAST
https://images.app.goo.gl/dCkknkiftNzBYwbc6

11. HURRICANE MICHAEL DEVASTATED MEXICO
BEACH, FLORIDA.
https://s.w-x.co/wu/michael-surge-map.jpg
https://s.w-x.co/wu/micahel-surge-plot.jpg

12. STORM SURGE DAMAGE
https://images.app.goo.gl/1dadXvjtRbtmPMzC6
https://images.app.goo.gl/1dadXvjtRbtmPMzC6
https://images.app.goo.gl/nbGdPAees46VZvw49
https://images.app.goo.gl/PaDYiXRzRkBRcjQw8https://images.app.goo.gl/e4TVoxWGqwCJXKT26

13. https://images.app.goo.gl/SfyQY5F7nL8g8Rvk9https://images.app.goo.gl/5ydh9tP39zyaow6x7
AT SEA LEVEL, AIR PRESSURE AVERAGES
1,013 MILLIBARS.

14. HIGH AND LOW AIR PRESSURE AREAS
https://images.app.goo.gl/dQzgb5mfudGe7XMP7

15. CORIOLIS EFFECT – THE CURVING OF MOVING OBJECTS, INCLUDING WIND,
FROM A STRAIGHT PATH DUE TO EARTH’S ROTATION.
https://images.app.goo.gl/bLEbdPjNPdNVz
ZEX7 https://images.app.goo.gl/8GpjrrrAmWa6Q5sG9
https://images.app.goo.gl/GtuMWybQ2T1ganhK6

16. .
• CORIOLIS EFFECT – THE CURVING OF MOVING OBJECTS, INCLUDING
WIND, FROM A STRAIGHT PATH DUE TO EARTH’S ROTATION.
https://images.app.goo.gl/JMfZnSoNzB88bagb6
https://images.app.goo.gl/55QphRHNgcfHQgQ28

17. • The Coriolis effect causes winds to
curve to the right in the Northern
Hemisphere and to the left in the
Southern Hemisphere. This results in
a counterclockwise rotation for
Northern Hemisphere hurricanes and
a clockwise rotation for Southern
Hemisphere hurricanes.
• Hurricanes form when an area of low
pressure forms over warm water.
Winds blow toward the low pressure,
but are deflected by Earth’s rotation.
HURRICANES FORM OVER WARM WATER
https://images.app.goo.gl/U4ifTLnbvDNbxun2A

18. Eye – the core of warm,
relatively calm air with low
pressure and light winds at
the center of a hurricane.
Eye of the storm
https://images.app.goo.gl/uLA5g1cpVcxXdExs7

19. The most violent storms in a
hurricane generally
surround the eye in an area
known as the eye wall.
Eye Wall
https://images.app.goo.gl/ntUjzi9tNF4d7pMy8
https://images.app.goo.gl/boKqSdqWJ8Zo97eR6

20. https://images.app.goo.gl/S3XnKTx2QdiFoGvt8

21. • In the western Pacific Ocean, hurricanes are called typhoons, and in the Indian
Ocean and around Australia, hurricanes are called tropical cyclones.
HURRICANE – A LARGE, ROTATING TROPICAL STORM
WITH WIND SPEEDS OF AT LEAST 74 MPH.

22. • Category 1: 74-95 mph (119-153 km/hr)
• Category 2: 96-110 mph (154-177 km/hr)
• Category 3: 111-130 mph (178-209 km/hr)
• Category 4: 131-155 mph (210-249 km/hr)
• Category 5: greater than 155 mph (249 km/hr)
Hurricanes are categorized based on their wind speeds:

23. PASTE URL INTO A NEW WINDOW TO PLAY AND WATCH A HURRICANE TRAVEL.
HTTP://OCEANEXPLORER.NOAA.GOV/EDU/LEARNING/14_HURRICANES/ACTIVITIES/HURRICANE_CATEGORIES.HTML