Augustus reigned from 27 BC to 14 AD and brought 40 years of peace and stability known as the Pax Romana by ending the civil wars. He transformed the declining Roman Republic into a more solid monarchy and ensured minimal expansion and peace for two centuries. Augustus also established an effective taxation system that increased Rome's revenue and relationship with its provinces. Additionally, he created the Vigiles Urbani firefighting and police force to maintain order and protect Rome.