This document discusses the key elements of painting, including subject, medium, tools, and the evolution and history of painting. It covers painting from prehistoric cave paintings up to modern abstract styles. Important artists mentioned include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Van Gogh, as well as Philippine painters Fernando Amorsolo, Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo, and Juan Luna.

1. PAINTING

2. PAINTING
 -one of the fine arts that depicts various
intrinsic values of man through
imaginative aggregation of lines and
color.
-expresses the artist’s perceptions and
feelings on a particular selected subject.
-the artist selection of a subject comes
from his understanding and
interpretation of his feelings and
emotions.

3. PAINTING
 -beautiful expression of the artist’s inner feeling
– sadness, happiness, fear, anger, anxiety,
stillness or peacefulness, turbulence or chaos.
 -what he thinks and feels, giving the subject its
meaning for the art lover to enjoy and draw
meaning as well.
 Art of applying pigments to surface in order to
present a picture of the subject.

4. ELEMENTS
OF
PAINTING

5. ELEMENTS OF PAINTING

6. SUBJECT
 answers the what of the piece of painting. What
is the painting about?
Portraiture
Animals and plants
Still life
Country life
Landscape
Seascape
Cityscape
Event religious
Others

7. SUBJECT
 PORTRAITURE – pictures of men or women
singly or collectively

8. SUBJECT
 ANIMALS AND PLANTS – because of constant
contact with their interest in these living
organisms, it was inevitable for them to paint
these things they needed to survive

9. SUBJECT
 STILL LIFE – painting of an inanimate object or
non-living thing placed on a table or another
setting.
 Availability and capability to be organized.

10. SUBJECT
 COUNTRY LIFE – scenes in countryside
happening daily in the community.
Barrio fiesta
Parade
Harvest
Big catch of fishes
Natural calamity

11. SUBJECT
 LANDSCAPE- any land forms including volcano,
mountain, hill, valley, plain, cliff, etc.

12. SUBJECT
 SEASCAPE- any of the water forms: ocean, sea,
river, lake, brook, pond, falls etc.

13. SUBJECT
 CITYSCAPE- aerial view of a city or a portion of
it can be the subject

14. SUBJECT
 EVENT
 “SPOLIARIUM”
 BLOOD COMPACT

15. SUBJECT
 RELIGIOUS ITEMS – common during the
Renaissance period
 Holy family
 Madonna and child
 Jesus Christ
 Angels
 Saints

16. SUBJECT
 OTHERS- mythological, fictional, cartoon
characters

17. MEDIUM
 Differ not only in their inherent qualities but also
in the effects they produce.
 Refers to the materials used by the artist.

18. MEDIUM
 Fresco- pigment is mixed with water and
applied to wet plaster.
 Italian for Fresh
 Done with the use of earth pigments mixed in
water and applied to fresh plaster or glue which
attaches the color to the surface like the wall.
 Biggest advantage is its durability.

19. FRESCO
 Buon fresco/ true fresco – when the plaster is wet
 Fresco secco- when the plaster is dry.
 Advantages / Disadvantages:
 Quick to dry
 Difficult to correct
 Not movable
 Subject to loss in the event that the walls are
destroyed.

21. MEDIUM
 Water color-pigment mixed with water and
applied to the surface of smooth or rough paper.
 Colors are applied in very thin layers
 Gouache-opaque water color
 -produced by grinding opaque colors with water
and combining them with a preparation of gum
and adding Chinese white to transparent colors.

23. MEDIUM
 Oil-which is done on canvas or prepared wood
panel
 Done with the use of ground pigments (from
minerals, coal tar, vegetable matter, etc.)
 Long-lasting, slow in drying, easy to handle and
manipulate texturally, and capable of being
corrected.

24. OIL
 Applied in 2 ways:
 Direct method- paints are opaque and once
applied on the surface, they dry up and give the
finished product its final appearance
 Indirect method- transparent and they are
applied in many thin layers or coatings.

26. MEDIUM
 Tempera- done with
the use of ground
pigments mixed with
the albuminous or
colloidal vehicle (egg
yolk, gum, glue, or
casein)
 -readily dries with the
evaporation of water
 Luminosity of tone as
an effect on the wood
panel, ground or
surface.

27. MEDIUM
 Pastel- closely resembling dry pigments bound
to form crayons, which are directly applied to the
surface.
 Very flexible medium
 Difficult to preserve

28. MEDIUM
 Acrylic- use of synthetic paints called acrylics
mixed with a vehicle capable of being thinned
with water.
 Possesses flexibility of oil and the transparency
and the fast-drying ability of water color
 Soluble in water and can be applied on almost all
surfaces.
 Has no tendency to crack or darken or yellow
with age.
 Acrylic emulsion/ polymer- serves as its binding
agent

30. MEDIUM
 Encaustic- done with the use of hot wax as a
vehicle to bind pigments to a wooden panel or
wall.
 Durable
 Colors remain vibrant and its
surface maintain hard luster
 Difficult to manipulate

31. TOOLS
 BRUSH – used to have a variety of strokes
 PALETTE- contains or holds the painting
medium
 PALETTE KNIFE – used to mix colors, add,
scrape or remove colors
 EASEL- frame that supports the painting

33. EVOLUTION OF
PAINTING
Painting has mirrored the
changing world and man’s ideas
about it.

34. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED
THE HISTORY OF PAINTING
 Geography
 Religion
 National characteristics
 Historic events
 Development of new materials

35. EVOLUTION OF PAINTING
 Painting progressed slowly through the
Medieval, Renaissance, Mannerist, Baroque,
Classic, Rococo, Neoclassic, and Romantic
periods.

36. PREHISTORIC PERIOD
 Ancient Egyptians- used paintings in their burial
sites
 Cave paintings
 Grotte-Vhauvet – oldest known painting believed
to be about 32,000 years old

38. GREEK PERIOD
 Paintings are found in pottery and ceramics
 Zeuxis, Parrhasius, and Apelles – famous Greek
painters in wooden panels
 Greatest painter of antiquity for his technique in
drawing, coloring, and modeling.

39. ROMAN PERIOD
 Influenced by
Ancient Greek
paintings
 Wall paintings from
villas in Campania,
Southern Italy,
which can be
grouped into four
main “styles” or
periods.

40. MEDIEVAL
 Rise of Christianity
 Brought different spirit and aim to painting
styles

41. RENNAISANCE PERIOD
 Golden age of painting
 14th
-mid 17th
century
 Leonardo, Michaelangelo, Raphael

42. BAROQUE PERIOD
 1600 to last years of 17th
century
 Paintings with dramatic light and shade, violent
composition, exaggerated emotion

43. CLASSIC PERIOD
 Refers to the art of Ancient Greek and Rome”
 Art of Greece in the 5th
century B.C.
 Any art that is based on a carefully organized
arrangement of parts, with special emphasis on
balance and proportion.

44. ROCOCO PERIOD
 18th
century
 Lighter than that of Baroque, often frivolous and
erotic

45. ROMANTIC PERIOD
 Shifted the attention toward landscape and
nature as well as the human figure and the
supremacy of natural order above mankind’s will

46. REALIST AND NATURALIST PERIOD
 Late 1800s
 Linked mainly with their rejection of
Impressionism.
 Post-impressionists
 Divided into three groups
 Expressionists- Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gaugin
(personal expression)
 Formalists- Paul Cezanne(composition and structure)
 Realists and naturalists- Gustave Courbet (used
light, shade, color, and perspective to reproduce as
closely as possible the appearance of objects in
nature.

47. IMPRESSIONIST PERIOD
 Last half of 19th
century
 Tried to capture the quality of light as it plays
across landscapes and figures.
 Used small strokes of contrasting colors next to
each other to create illusion of vibrating light.

48. MODERN PERIOD
 Early 20th
century
 Avante-garde artists experimented on new styles
of formalist painting and such experimentation
led to the birth of Cubism, Futurism, De Stijl,
and Suprematism

49. NOTABLE ARTISTS

50. AMORSOLO, FERNANDO
 May 30, 1892-April 26, 1972
 Portraitist and painter of rural
Philippine landscapes.
 Father of Philippine Realism for
his numerous realistic paintings.
 “Bombing of the Intendencia”
 “the Burning of Manila”
 “Dalagang Bukid”
 “the First Baptism in the
Philippines”
 “The First Mass in the Philippines”
 “Planting Rice”
 “Princess Urduja”
 “Sikatuna”

52. HIDALGO, FELIX RESURRECTION
 February 21, 1853-
March 13, 1913
 Contemporary of Juan
Luna who placed
second in an
international art
exposition in Madrid
 Las Virgenes Cristianas
Expuestas al Populacho
(2nd
)
 LaBarca de Aqueronte
(gold)
 Adios al Sol (silver)

54. LUNA, JUAN
 Oct. 23, 1857-Dec. 7, 1899
 Death of Cleopatra (gold)
 Spoliarium
 The Blood Compact
 Ang Tagumpay ni Lapu-
Lapu

56. MALANG- SANTOS, MAURO
 Worked as a graphic
artist and cartoonist at
the Manila Chronicle
 Created comic strip
characters Kosme the
Cop (retired) and
Chain Gang Charlie
 Pastoral
 Tres Marias

58. MANANSALA, VICENTE
 Philippine Cubist painter
and illustrator
 Madonna of the Slums
 Jeepneys
 Kalabaw
 Bangkusay Seascape
 Stations of the Cross

62. BUONARROTI, MICHAELANGELO DI
LODOVICO
 Italian Renaissance
artist
 Frescoes at the Sistine
chapel ceiling
 The creation of man
 The fall of man
 The story of Noah
 The last judgment
 Conversion of Saul
 Martyrdom of St. Peter

65. DA VINCI, LEONARDO
 The archetype of the
“Renaissance Man”
 The Annunciation
 The Adoration of the
Magi
 The Virgin of the Rocks
 The Last Supper
 Mona Lisa
 Self-Portrait

68. SANZIO, RAPHAEL
 Master painter and
architect of the Italian
High Renaissance
 The Small Cowper
Madonna
 The Nymph Galatea
 Madonna del Granduca
 St. George Fighting the
Dragon

71. VAN GOGH, VINCENT
 Dutch post-
impressionist artist
 Lunatic confined in an
asylum where he
produced some of his
world-renowned works
 The Starry Night
 Fisherman on the
beach
 Two rats
 Self-portrait