The document discusses the history and overview of human rights. It defines human rights and traces their origins in international law after World War 2 through documents like the UN Charter and Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It also describes the classification of civil/political and economic/social/cultural rights. The document then outlines the national and state human rights commissions in India as well as violations of human rights and international promotion efforts.

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2. A
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3. By,
K.L.V Simhachalam,
Roll number:- 68,
156 batch,
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4. Over View:
 Definition of Human Rights
 History of Human Rights
 Classification of Human Rights
 International Protection and Promotion:
 United Nations Charter
 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
 International Humanitarian Law
 Human Rights Promotion
 Violation of Human Rights
 National Human Rights Commission of India
 State Human Rights Commissions of India
 World Human Rights Day
 References
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5. Human Rights Defined…
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6. History of Human Rights
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7. Classification of Human Rights
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9. Second Generation
(Economical, Social and Cultural rights)
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12. Charter = a written grant by the sovereign or legislative power of a country by which, the rights and
privileges are defined
 The foundation of the United Nations and the provisions of the United Nations Charter provided a basis
for a comprehensive system of international law and practice for the protection of human rights.
 Since then, international human rights law has been characterised by a linked system of conventions,
treaties, organisations, and political bodies, rather than any single entity or set of laws.
 Article 55 of the Charter provides that: The United Nations shall promote: a) higher standards of living,
full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development; b) solutions of
international economic, social, health, and related problems; c) international cultural and educational
cooperation; d) universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all
without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.
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14. Salient Features of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
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16. Non-governmental organisations:
 International non-governmental human rights organisations such as Amnesty
International, Human Rights Watch, International Service for Human Rights monitor
what they see as human rights issues around the world and promote their views on the
subject.
Human rights defenders:
 Human rights defender are people who, individually or with others, act peacefully to
promote or protect human rights.
 They can defend rights as part of their jobs or in a voluntary capacity and can act at
local, national or international level.
 They can be journalists, environmentalists, whistle-blowers, trade unionists, lawyers,
teachers, housing campaigners, and so on.
Human rights promotion:
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17. Violations of Human Rights
 Human rights violations occur when actions by a state or
persons abuse, ignore, or deny basic human rights .
 Violations of human rights can occur when any state or
person breaches any part of the UDHR treaty or other
international human rights or humanitarian law.
 In regard to human rights violations of United Nations laws,
Article 39 of the United Nations Charter designates the UN
Security Council as the only tribunal that may determine UN
human rights violations.
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18. What about Human Rights in India???
National Human Rights Commision of
India (NHRC)
 National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is an autonomous
public body constituted on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of
Human Rights Ordinance of 28 September 1993. It was given a
statutory basis by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
 The NHRC is the National Human Rights Commission of India,
responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights, defined
by the Act as “rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the
individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in
the International Covenants”
 A Chairperson of NHRC should be retired Chief Justice of India, One
member who is, or has been, a Judge of the Supreme Court of India.
 One member who is, or has been, the Chief Justice of a High Court,
Two members to be appointed from among persons having knowledge
of, or practical experience in, matters relating to human rights.
In India, National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commission, and Human Rights Courts
have been constituted for better protection of human rights and connected and incidental matters thereto.
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19. Human Rights in India
 According to United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
there are nearly 30 basic human rights followed globally.
 The Constitution of India guarantees six fundamental rights to Indian
citizens as follows:
(i) right to equality,
(ii) right to freedom, (iii)
(iii) right against exploitation,
(iv) right to freedom of religion,
(v) cultural and educational rights, and
(vi) right to constitutional remedies.
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20. THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS ACT, 1993
• (1) The Act was passed in 1993 and amended in 2006.
It provides for the constitution of a National Human
Rights Commission (NHRC)at the Center, State
Human Rights Commissions (SHRC) in States and
Human Rights Courts.
• (2) Purpose - Better protection of human rights.
 Medical profession and human rights are intricately
woven in the sense that the doctors can alleviate
violations of human rights being among the first to
become aware of these violations, particularly in the
field of ‘Torture’.
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21. STATE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION (SHRC)
 A State Government may constitute a
body known as the Human Rights
Commission of that State to exercise the
powers conferred upon, and to perform
the functions assigned to, a State
Commission.
 At present, 25 states have constituted
SHRC
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22. World Human Rights Day
 World Human Rights Day is celebrated annually across the world on
10 December every year.
 The date was chosen to honor the United Nations General Assembly's
adoption and proclamation, on 10 December 1948, of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the first global enunciation
of human rights and one of the first major achievements of the
new United Nations.
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23. References
1. Textbook of ForensicMedicine and Toxicology by Anil Aggrawal 2014
2. The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology - K. S. Narayan
Reddy
3. Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2nd Edition by
Nagesh Kumar G Rao
4. V.V Pillay Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 18th Edition
5. Cooper, Belinda (September 24, 2010). "Book Review - The Last
Utopia - Human Rights in History - By Samuel Moyn" – via
NYTimes.com.
6. Cooper, Belinda (September 24, 2010). "Book Review - The Last
Utopia - Human Rights in History - By Samuel Moyn" – via
NYTimes.com.
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