Dr. James Malce Alo, BSNRN, MAN, MAPsycho, PHD

1. HUMAN
RELATIONS
IN NURSING
Dr. James Malce Alo

2. Hospital….
 A part of social system
 Dealings with
 Professionals – Nurses, doctors, technicians,
paramedics
 Other personnel – housekeeping, dietary,
laundry, supplies, accounts…
 Clients, relatives, friends visitors, other customers
 All lead to public relations within the hospital

3. Public relations spring from
human relations
 Client – a bundle of expectations, anxieties, hopes
and fears
- Wants effective & satisfactory services
- Forms impressions of the hospital set up
 Health workers – Have personal and professional
needs
- Want job satisfaction & recognition of their
efforts
 Hospital administration – Wants efficiency and
maximum satisfaction of staff and patients
The ultimate outcome depends on ‘Human Relations’

4. PROFESSIONALS IN HEALTH
TEAM
Nursing team
Nutritionist
Occupational therapist
Dietician
Radiologist
Lab technologist
Physicians
Physical therapist
Immunologist
Respiratory therapist
Pharmacist
Social workers Spiritual advisors

5. The nurse in the health
team
 Health team - A group of people who
coordinate their particular skills in order to
assist a client or his family, to achieve
optimum health
 The quality and quantity of personnel in
the health team will depend upon the
needs of the client
The nurse is an important member of the health team

6. Relationship of nurse with the
members of health team

7. Nurse and the Physician
 Have team spirit & co-worker relationship
 Be loyal, honest and dependable
 Carry out instructions intelligently
 DO NOT take verbal orders.

8. Nurse & Nursing
superintendent
 Respect & cooperate
 Reporting punctually
 Maintain courtesy when taking ward
rounds
 Take assistance for problem solving

9. Nurse and the Head nurse
 Head Nurse is the team leader
 Respect & support her
 Cooperate intelligently
 Reporting on duty and leaving off duty
 Hand over & take over important issues

10. Nurse and fellow nurses
 Treat seniors with respect
 Maintain good team work/ spirit
 Share information to achieve best care of
the sick
 Correctly hand over and take over
patient concerning information

11. Nurse and other hospital
personnel
 Maintain good relationship with all
departments
 Maintain smooth coordination between
patient unit and the departments

12. Nurse and the non professional
workers
 Be decent & considerate
 Maintain good relationship
 Provide guidance and teaching

13. Nurse and the Client
 Treat as an individual
 Understand and help
 No discrimination.
 Do not accept any gifts/ favors.
 Help to adjust, cooperate and accept
treatments
 Create confidence. Establish good N-Pt
relationship. Call by name.. Be pleasant,
cheerful and courteous
 Do not get too familiar. Do not discuss
personal affairs.

14. Therapeutic nurse-client
relationship (TNCR)
 The core of nursing
 Nurses use their knowledge, skill and
judgment
 Applies to all nurses in all roles and
practice settings
 Therapeutic communication
 Client-centered care
 Maintaining boundaries
 Protecting the client from abuse

15. Complaints by clients
and community
Complaints Situations
Indifferent care
Unfriendly behaviour of staff
Lack of ‘human touch’
Poor quality care Quality of linen, diet, equipment, facilities,
cleanliness etc
Lack of information & guidance About facilities & staff Oral information,
sign posting, boards
Lack of comforts Chairs, benches, drinking water, toilets….
Delays at almost every step
Overcrowding
Noise pollution
Poor sanitation

16. Types of the Relationship
Social
Friendship
Companion
Use small talk
superficial
Intimate
Emotional
commitment
May be sexual/
emotional
Intimacy
Therapeutic
Focus on client
needs
Experiences,
Feelings, ideas
Goal oriented

17. Indicators of Therapeutic
Communication
 Introduce self to client (by name and
category)
 Provide for expression of feelings by the
client
 Ensure privacy of information
 Be aware of verbal and non-verbal
communication
 Modify communication style
 Anticipate and provide care

18.  Recognize that all behavior has meaning
and seek to understand the cause
 Understand and respect the client
 Involve client in planning of care
 Provide information to promote client
choice
 Enable the client to make informed
decisions

19. Maintaining Boundaries
Nurse
Boundary
Client

20. Maintain Boundaries in the
therapeutic nurse patient
relationship
 Develop and follow plan of care with the
client
 Recognize when boundaries are being
crossed
 Set and maintain the appropriate boundaries
within the relationship
 Abstain from disclosing personal information
unless it meets the therapeutic need of the
client
 Ensure that nursing strategies promote health
and well being of the client

21. Obstacles to the Therapeutic
Relationship:
 Inappropriate Boundaries
 Encouraging dependence
 Non acceptance/Avoidance
 Resistance
 Role of nurse – Teacher, Caregiver,
Advocate, counselor

22. Principles of IPR in Nursing
 Learn everyone’s name
 Respect everyone’s individuality
 Do not impose anything on anybody
 Keep emotions under control
 Do not fear to admit ignorance
 Do not give and take personal favor

23.  Team leader should be responsible
 Develops habits of listening
 Do not say hurtful things
 Be loyal, honest, dependable and willing
 Maintain a ‘team spirit’
 Have mutual understanding among
members

24. Phases of the Nurse-Client
Relationship

25. 1. Pre-Orientation
 Self assessment - examine own feelings,
fears, anxieties.

26. 2. Orientation
 Introductory Phase
- establish trust, share information with
client, discrete self-disclosure.
convey support, facilitate healing,
educate

27. 3. Working Phase
 Problems identified
Exploration- guide client to examine
feelings/responses, develop new
coping skills

28. 4. Termination Phase
 Resolution phase
- Examine goals achieved
- Explore feelings regarding termination
- Establish plan for continuing assistance

29. We’re moving you from
intensive care to
intensive billing
Communicating with the client
is important!

30. Thank You!...
Dr. James Malce Alo